HEAD & NECK
Muscles Origin Insertion Action Innervation
Muscles of Posterior Triangle of Neck
Superior nuchal line; External Elevated, retracts, depresses
Spine of scapula; Spinal accessory nerve;
Trapezius occipital protuberance; nuchal and rotates the spine of the
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion C3-C4 for proprioception
ligament; C7-T12 scapula
Unilateral: Laterally flexes
Anterior surface of manubrium
Mastoid process, lateral half of superior head and rotates face to Spinal accessory nerve
Sternocleidomastoid and sternum; superior surface of
nuchal line opposite side, Bilateral: (CN XI)
medial 1/3 of clavicle
Extends head
Tenses skin of inferior face
Skin below clavicle and upper Mandible, skin of cheek and lower lip, Cervical branch of facial
Platysma and neck,
thorax orbicularis oris, angle of mouth nerve (CN VII)
depresses mandible
Muscles of Anterior Triangle of Neck
Manubrium of sternum and
Sternohyoid Body of hyoid Depresses hyoid Ansa cervicalis
medial end of clavicle
Superior border of scapula near
Omohyoid Inferior border of hyoid Depresses and retracts hyoid Ansa cervicalis
suprascapular notch
Posterior surface of manubrium of Oblique line of Depresses thyroid
Sternothyroid Ansa cervicalis
sternum thyroid cartilage cartilage and larynx
Inferior border of body and greater Depresses hyoid and elevates
Thyrohyoid Oblique line of thyroid cartilage C1 via hypoglossal nerve
horn of hyoid larynx
Anterior belly: digastric fossa of Depresses mandible against Anterior belly: nerve to
mandible Intermediate tendon to body and resistance; elevates and mylohyoid
Digastric
Posterior belly: mastoid notch of greater horn of hyoid steadies hyoid during Posterior belly: digastric
temporal bone swallowing and speaking branch of facial nerve
Styloid process of Stylohyoid branch facial
Stylohyoid Body of hyoid Elevates hyoid
temporal bone nerve
Elevates hyoid, floor of
Mylohyoid Mylohyoid line of mandible Body of hyoid and mylohyoid raphe mouth, and tongue during Nerve to mylohyoid
swallowing and speaking
Scalene Muscles
Anterior tubercles of Flexes neck, elevates 1st rib Anterior rami
Anterior scalene 1st rib
TP C3-C6 during inspiration of C4-C6
Posterior tubercles of Flexes neck, elevates 1st rib Anterior rami
Middle scalene Superior surface of 1st rib
TP of C4-C7 during inspiration of C4-C6
Flexes neck laterally,
Posterior tubercles of Anterior rami
Posterior scalene 2nd rib elevates 2nd rib during
TP of C4-C6 of C7-C8
inspiration
Muscles of Facial Expression
Medial orbital margin; Closes eyelids;
Skin around margin of orbit, superior
Orbicularis oculi medial palpebral ligament; palpebral part is gentle and Facial nerve
and inferior tarsi (tarsal plates)
lacrimal bone orbital part is tight
Levator labii Elevates upper lip and Zygomatic and buccal
Maxilla above infraorbital foramen Skin of upper lip
superioris dilates nares branches of facial nerve
Draws angle of mouth Zygomatic and buccal
Zygomaticus major Zygomatic arch Angle of mouth
backward and upward branches of facial nerve
Compression, contraction Zygomatic and buccal
Orbicularis oris Maxilla above incisor teeth Skin around lips
and protrusion of lips branches of facial nerve
Posterior alveolar process and
Compresses cheeks; expels
maxilla and mandible sockets of Buccal branches of facial
Buccinator Angle of mouth air between lips; aids in
molar teeth; anterior border of nerve
mastication
pterygomandibular raphe
Continuous with platysma on Angle of mouth into orbicularis Mandibular and buccal
Depressor anguli oris Depresses angle of mouth
oblique line of mandible and skin branches of facial nerve
Lateral surface of mandible
Skin to lower lip, mingling with
Depressor labii between symphysis and mental Depresses lower lip and Mandibular and buccal
orbicularis oris; medial fibers joining
inferioris foramen deep to depressor anguli draws it lateralward branches of facial nerve
those of opposite side
oris
Muscles of Mastication
Ramus and coronoid process of Elevates and protrudes Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
Masseter Zygomatic arch
mandible mandible via masseteric nerve
Floor of temporal fossa; Coronoid proves and ramus of Elevates mandible; posterior Mandibular nerve (CN
Temporalis
deep temporal fossa mandible fibers retrude mandible V3); deep temporal nerves
Bi: protrude and elevate
Medial surface of lateral pterygoid Medial surface of ramus and angle of Mandibular nerve (CN
mandible
Medial pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of mandible inferior to mandibular V3); nerve to medial
Uni: side-to-side movement
palatine bone, maxillary tuberosity foramen pterygoid
of mandible
Superior head: infratemporal
surface and crest of greater Bi: protrude mandible Mandibular nerve (CN
Pterygoid fovea, capsule of TMJ,
Lateral pterygoid wing of sphenoid Uni: side-to-side movement V3); muscular branches
articular disc
Inferior head: lateral pterygoid of mandible from anterior division
plate
HEAD & NECK
Muscles Origin Insertion Action Innervation
Muscles of Posterior Triangle of Neck
Superior nuchal line; External Elevated, retracts, depresses
Spine of scapula; Spinal accessory nerve;
Trapezius occipital protuberance; nuchal and rotates the spine of the
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion C3-C4 for proprioception
ligament; C7-T12 scapula
Unilateral: Laterally flexes
Anterior surface of manubrium
Mastoid process, lateral half of superior head and rotates face to Spinal accessory nerve
Sternocleidomastoid and sternum; superior surface of
nuchal line opposite side, Bilateral: (CN XI)
medial 1/3 of clavicle
Extends head
Tenses skin of inferior face
Skin below clavicle and upper Mandible, skin of cheek and lower lip, Cervical branch of facial
Platysma and neck,
thorax orbicularis oris, angle of mouth nerve (CN VII)
depresses mandible
Muscles of Anterior Triangle of Neck
Manubrium of sternum and
Sternohyoid Body of hyoid Depresses hyoid Ansa cervicalis
medial end of clavicle
Superior border of scapula near
Omohyoid Inferior border of hyoid Depresses and retracts hyoid Ansa cervicalis
suprascapular notch
Posterior surface of manubrium of Oblique line of Depresses thyroid
Sternothyroid Ansa cervicalis
sternum thyroid cartilage cartilage and larynx
Inferior border of body and greater Depresses hyoid and elevates
Thyrohyoid Oblique line of thyroid cartilage C1 via hypoglossal nerve
horn of hyoid larynx
Anterior belly: digastric fossa of Depresses mandible against Anterior belly: nerve to
mandible Intermediate tendon to body and resistance; elevates and mylohyoid
Digastric
Posterior belly: mastoid notch of greater horn of hyoid steadies hyoid during Posterior belly: digastric
temporal bone swallowing and speaking branch of facial nerve
Styloid process of Stylohyoid branch facial
Stylohyoid Body of hyoid Elevates hyoid
temporal bone nerve
Elevates hyoid, floor of
Mylohyoid Mylohyoid line of mandible Body of hyoid and mylohyoid raphe mouth, and tongue during Nerve to mylohyoid
swallowing and speaking
Scalene Muscles
Anterior tubercles of Flexes neck, elevates 1st rib Anterior rami
Anterior scalene 1st rib
TP C3-C6 during inspiration of C4-C6
Posterior tubercles of Flexes neck, elevates 1st rib Anterior rami
Middle scalene Superior surface of 1st rib
TP of C4-C7 during inspiration of C4-C6
Flexes neck laterally,
Posterior tubercles of Anterior rami
Posterior scalene 2nd rib elevates 2nd rib during
TP of C4-C6 of C7-C8
inspiration
Muscles of Facial Expression
Medial orbital margin; Closes eyelids;
Skin around margin of orbit, superior
Orbicularis oculi medial palpebral ligament; palpebral part is gentle and Facial nerve
and inferior tarsi (tarsal plates)
lacrimal bone orbital part is tight
Levator labii Elevates upper lip and Zygomatic and buccal
Maxilla above infraorbital foramen Skin of upper lip
superioris dilates nares branches of facial nerve
Draws angle of mouth Zygomatic and buccal
Zygomaticus major Zygomatic arch Angle of mouth
backward and upward branches of facial nerve
Compression, contraction Zygomatic and buccal
Orbicularis oris Maxilla above incisor teeth Skin around lips
and protrusion of lips branches of facial nerve
Posterior alveolar process and
Compresses cheeks; expels
maxilla and mandible sockets of Buccal branches of facial
Buccinator Angle of mouth air between lips; aids in
molar teeth; anterior border of nerve
mastication
pterygomandibular raphe
Continuous with platysma on Angle of mouth into orbicularis Mandibular and buccal
Depressor anguli oris Depresses angle of mouth
oblique line of mandible and skin branches of facial nerve
Lateral surface of mandible
Skin to lower lip, mingling with
Depressor labii between symphysis and mental Depresses lower lip and Mandibular and buccal
orbicularis oris; medial fibers joining
inferioris foramen deep to depressor anguli draws it lateralward branches of facial nerve
those of opposite side
oris
Muscles of Mastication
Ramus and coronoid process of Elevates and protrudes Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
Masseter Zygomatic arch
mandible mandible via masseteric nerve
Floor of temporal fossa; Coronoid proves and ramus of Elevates mandible; posterior Mandibular nerve (CN
Temporalis
deep temporal fossa mandible fibers retrude mandible V3); deep temporal nerves
Bi: protrude and elevate
Medial surface of lateral pterygoid Medial surface of ramus and angle of Mandibular nerve (CN
mandible
Medial pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of mandible inferior to mandibular V3); nerve to medial
Uni: side-to-side movement
palatine bone, maxillary tuberosity foramen pterygoid
of mandible
Superior head: infratemporal
surface and crest of greater Bi: protrude mandible Mandibular nerve (CN
Pterygoid fovea, capsule of TMJ,
Lateral pterygoid wing of sphenoid Uni: side-to-side movement V3); muscular branches
articular disc
Inferior head: lateral pterygoid of mandible from anterior division
plate
