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ABSTRACT
The moving coil galvanometer is an instrument designed to measure small electric
currents with high accuracy. It functions based on the principle of electromagnetic induction: when a current flows through a coil situated in a magnetic field, the interaction between the current and the magnetic field generates a torque. This torque causes the coil to rotate, and the degree of rotation is proportional to the current passing through the coil. The movement is measured using a pointer on a graduated scale. The galvanometer’s design ensures minimal friction and high precision, making it a fundamental tool in electrical measurements
. 1 INTRODUCTION MOVING COIL GALVANOMETRE ~ A galvanometer is a device used to detect current in the circuit. The commonly used moving coil galvanometer is named so because it uses a current-carrying coil that rotates (or moves) in a magnetic field due to the torque acting on it
In a D’Arsonval galvanometer the coil is suspended on a phosohor-bronze wire. It is
highly sensitive and requires careful handling. In a Weston galvanometer , the coil is pivoted between two jwellel bearing it is rugged and portable though less sensitive and is generally used in laboratories. The basic principle of both types of galvanometer is same.
PRINCIPLE ~ A current carrying coil placed in magnetic field experience is the current dependent torque which tends to rotate the coil and produces angular deflection
CONSTRUCTION ~ Weston pivoted type galvanometer consists of a rectangular coil of fine insulated copper wire around on a light non magnetic metallic frame the 2 ends of the excel of the frame are pivoted between two jewelled bearings. the motion of the police controlled by a pair of hairspring of phosphor bronze the inner ends of the spring are soldered to the ends of the coil and the outer ends are connected to the binding screws. The springs provide the storing torque and serve as current leads. A light aluminium pointer attached to the coil measures its deflection on a suitable scale. The coil is symmetrically placed between the cylindrical pole pieces of a strong permanent horseshoe magnet
2 A cylindrical soft iron core is mounted symmetrically between the concave polls of the horseshoe magnet. this makes the line of force pointing along the radii of a circle. such a field is called a radial field. The plane of the coil rotating in such a field remains parallel to the field in all positions, also the soft iron cylinder, due to its high permeability intensifies the magnetic field and hence increases the sensitivity of the galvanometer
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