Insect Antenna & its Modifications
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uniramous (unbranched), segmented and mobile structures
basally fixed in to deep antennal socket (antennifer)
Antennal socket is provided with an antennal suture
The base of socket is connected to the edge of the socket by an articulatory
membrane For free movement of antennae
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Ravy
Exceptions
Absent in Protura and Class Arachnida and 2 Pairs in Crustacea
In Chalcidoids, Flagellum is divided into basal Ring, middle Funicle and upper Club
In Collembola & Diplura, Antennae are muscular, Hence Segmented type
Johnstons organs are absent in Collembola & Diplura
or Ring
Functions
sense organ responding to touch, smell, odour,
humidity, temperature & air currents or wind speed.
Jhonston’s organ on pedicel -auditory organ responding to sound and measuring the speed of
air currents.
Help the mandibles for holding prey and for mastication of food material
Helps in sexual dimorphism
Useful for clasping the female during copulation
Aid in respiration by forming an air funnel in aquatic insects.
Ravy
FILIFORM (thread-like)
The segments of flagellum are of same thickness and
thread-like. Antenna shape
Example :
Grass hopper
Grasshopper
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Ravy
SETACEOUS (whip-like)
The segments of flagellum are taper towards apex.
Example : Dragon fly, Cockroach
Dragonfly
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Ravy
MONILIFORM (bead-like)
The segments of flagellum are globular and bead-like with
clear constrictions. Antenna shape
Example : Termites
Termites
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Ravy
PECTINATE (comb)
The segments of flagellum have long stiff projections
on one side.
Example :
Female Arctiid moths
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Ravy
BIPECTINATE (Double comb)
The segments of flagellum have long stiff projections on
both sides.
Example : Male Lymantrids, Mulberry silk moth
Silkworm moth
Silkworm moth
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Ravy
SERRATE OR DENTATE (tooth-like)
The segments of flagellum have tooth-like projections
Antenna shape
on one side.
Example : Pulse Beetles
Pulse beetle
Pulse beetle
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Ravy
CLAVATE (club-like)
The segments of flagellum are gradually broaden towards
apex.
Example :Butterfly
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Ravy
Clavate with Hook
The segments of flagellum are gradually broaden towards
apex structure with a terminal hook like curve
Antenna shape
Example : Skipper Butterfly
Green Grasshopper
Green Grasshopper
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Ravy
CAPITATE (knob-like)
The segments of flagellum Suddenly thickened to form a
knob-like structure.
Example : Red Flour Beetle
Red flour beetle
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Ravy
GENICULATE (elbow-like)
In these the scape is very long and flagellum forms a sharp
bend like a flexed arm.
Example : Ant, Honey bee Antenna shape
Honey bee
Honey bee
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Ravy
LAMMELLATE (Plate-like)
Antenna shape
The terminal segment of flagellum are extended into leaf-like
plates on one side.
Example : Rhinoceros beetle
Dung roller
Dung roller
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Ravy
FLABELLATE (tongue-like)
Antenna shape
The segments of flagellum are produced into long and thick
tongue-like projections.
Example : Male stylopid
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Ravy
PLUMOSE (feather-like)
The segments of flagellum have thick whorls of long hairs.
Example : Male mosquito
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Ravy
PILOSE (hairy)
The segments of flagellum have very thin whorls of hairs .
Example :Female mosquito
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Ravy
ARISTATE (arista-like)
The segments of flagellum form an arista or bristle like
structure on dorsal surface
Antenna
AntennaType
shape
Example : House fly
House-fly
House-fly
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Ravy
STYLATE (styliform)
The flagellum forms a long unsegmented , terminal hair.
Example : Robber fly
Robber fly Antenna shape
Robber fly
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Ravy
