Types of Communication
systems
Prof. Dr. G.Aarthi,Associate Professor, SENSE,
VIT,Vellore.
Types of Communication systems
Types of Electronic Communication
• Electronic communications are classified according
to whether they are unidirectional or bidirectional
One-way (simplex) or two-way (full duplex or half duplex)
transmissions
Simplex
• The simplest method of electronic communication is
referred to as simplex.
• This type of communication is one-way. Examples are:
• Radio
• TV broadcasting
• Beeper (personal receiver)
Full Duplex
• Most electronic communication is two-way and is
referred to as duplex.
• When people can talk and listen simultaneously, it is
called full duplex.
• The telephone is an example of this type of
communication.
Half Duplex
• The form of two-way communication in which only one party
transmits at a time is known as half duplex. Examples are:
• Police, military, etc. radio transmissions
3 Hz to 300 GHz
• Citizen band (CB)
short-distance radio communications whose frequency band extends
from 26.957 MHz to 27.283 MHz.
• Family radio
This personal radio service uses channelized frequencies
around 462 and 467 MHz in the ultra high frequency (UHF)
band.
• Amateur radio
non-commercial exchange of messages and emergency
communication.
Types of Electronic Communication
Analog Signals
• An analog signal is a smoothly and continuously varying voltage or
current. Examples are:
• Sine wave
• Voice
• Video (TV)
Types of Electronic Communication
Digital Signals
• Digital signals change in steps or in discrete increments.
• Most digital signals use binary or two-state codes.
Examples are:
• Telegraph (Morse code)
• Continuous wave (CW) code
• Serial binary code (used in computers)
Digital Signals
Digital signals (a) Telegraph (Morse code). (b) Continuous-
wave (CW) code. (c) Serial binary code.
Electromagnetic spectrum
Electromagnetic spectrum
Concept of Bandwidth and Power in Communications
Modulation
Modulation
Modulation
Need for Modulation
• Reduction in the height of antenna
• Multiplexing is possible
• Avoids mixing of signals
• Increases the range of communication
• Improves quality of reception
Reduction in the height of antenna
Reduction in the height of antenna
Multiplexing-Sharing a Medium
Multiplexing-Sharing a Medium
Multiplexing-Sharing a Medium
Avoids mixing of signals
If the baseband sound signals are transmitted without using the modulation by
more than one transmitter, then all the signals will be in the same frequency
range i.e. 0 to 20 kHz .
Therefore, all the signals get mixed together and a receiver can not separate
them from each other .
Hence, if each baseband sound signal is used to modulate a different carrier then
they will occupy different slots in the frequency domain (different
channels). Thus, modulation avoids mixing of signals .
Improves Quality of Reception
With frequency modulation (FM) and the digital communication techniques such
as PCM, the effect of noise is reduced to a great extent .
This improves quality of reception
