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Data structure with c notes jntuh
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ONIT- 4
aes
F casey +
Siting + Bubba Sat, Bntection Cot , Selection Coe, Quter Soe
merge SE Catgotttime and Implementation)
Atgattnme> Analyste 01 olgdtthms Gagte Concept of du q
Z completly , Asymptotic Notation, fq O Notatfim, Orga
Notate , Theta Motatimn, Uttte oh notatran ond Leth oma
Notation
e Sling »
Gg
dy > Sosttng toting but attongemert oO] & Set of data &
z Come tes -
eo -> Different metiods ot uted to Sot the dota
ascending 6 descending Adee
> The Afpperant Sot nrg omatiodt can be clivided dv 2
Cotegetic « @ Avlenol Gotting
@ Exteel Sorting .
& motting but clade, Teme
> drkermal Gocting getting
in ovofn — Mamety
Ishen Phe clots fo be
gq the del
> External geetion, taltes place
(orge that Some
gote| LO
e Some
preted Gr rremery Ord, Store in aire liowy memsy
> Voxious — fotlearal Soh Etongs te
5 Bubb St oy quer Sak
> ntertron Cott > tleap Cott
=> Roclix CRE .
> Selection cok
yy the = ftttetnal § Sotting ie Menge set.
eee
Scanned with CamScannBubble gat:
mee ee
‘he fden Gpplied fx bu bubbu sat algorttem cag
Sotlowe .
an element, ten Crt)
es
“> Suppose ip the MAY conboint
te oot thi ottoy -
fherntrong ate aeuTved
Lower value
hot the
> an tha ‘emothod, We atbume 4
Re le.
tems Som tr Set 04 Gtern Ot bight ane
upts tre top
Drme Cet of fleme th the May Oe Beanned again &
aga. and te try two adjacent Ho au fou &
be out 5 Kder, they ate Sanrerted .
Hee, at the end of the fiest Plesattrar, the lowest valu
flem t pled f th Chrect position Cie, fet)
> dt the end of the Gecend Ftesation, the Vert wey
Value Them BW ploced tn the Gecevd potttren arc om
res eed lend caters an large Setting Jobe -
53 mu dota Teme, thu emetnod = Seautrer ntn-D]o
Compostsont -
ALGORITHM
Bubble Sox Ca lI, )
4x (20 te -1
Swop= false
Pade Te) bon
scanned witn vamscann~ww wows
ue aft sas
Soap (a f5 -1J_ af59)
Swap = true
Brear ff met Secapped
PROGRAM >
fo Bubb. Sot Ht /
J& Proyom
Hi tnctude < Stclfo-h>
Void bubble Chat £9, et) 5
Noid main’ )
£
Int afsoy, i.4n5
primee (“\n Enter uwnber of elements ");
Scane ("7-d" , 2n)>
pamép (\n Enter elements");
fe.(i=05 tens 14+)
Scant cs YA", GaliDs
printf (" M The elements beyte Sottg Gh :") +
ta (i205 jen; ter)
pamte (7d \e", allt);
bubble (01);
pont CS \n The elements after Setting, ae )5
for (ic 0; fen} tet)
pamtt Cl%d \t", ati);
scanned witn CamscanniVofd
z
bubble Cind
mt US eas
$i Creo fen- ties)
§
feos
Pa Chao, Len-t-is Jen
£
i Catiqoali+ns
g .
tzafil,
afilza tra:
ofits ts
favs
‘a
4
+4 (#==-0)
breok 5
4
x
OUTPUT?
Enter number of clemedk 5!
enter elements a eg 2 G
che elements before Sorting a:
che elements Whee sorkig oe |
afsod, men)
scanned witn vamscanngue the Oy 1,023,565 Using, bubble Lett
pore th 1/803, 5
> cerapore TF Ra. Ate they th Coreweeek Sohe D Yen
> cempaun @40 . Ate they % Covrett Oreler 9 No
Than Swap ‘them
he, +,0,%,3,5
> Compose A ea, Ne they O Coeret order 7 hg
thon Bap ‘ther
Je., =, 0, 3,85
a Com pave Res frre they Cornet orden? No
Then guwop ‘them
le, 4,0, 3,88
with “tha we — Avached the end of the WHAy and Tre
notia thet be beget
Siete pow Over: You mary
wu moved fo tre (ost petihen
mumber os the Ostoy 2
Pow 2+ 4,0/3,5,2
—> tsMpose 420. Ace they ty Correct Rel 2 NO
then Swap thern
Les 0,4, 3,5,8
> Compo 122. Ate they i Cowes ch Oreler 9 NO
“then Sep them 7
j@-, O, 3,4,5,4
2 Compose ALG. hre they i Corwect oveles 2 y
No
Then 2wap “them
te, 0, 8, 5)74,8
“7 Cornpoae 4~hD. Are they n Comret helen? y
et
scannea with Camscannipar
& WW OVE + Notice that the Atay a Alteady
Sttedy bat the algorithm meets to clo two mae
brrter fo Complele —egtrch ce tot = cquherd = This
Core .
Ex :
SAMPLE Fa - 2,45, 0, U1, -9
-2\ 4S) o] yy =4
scanned witn vamscannevvewVsv EY wwe
vueovoL
verve
sbe (t
i uote) Peery 42/014
ckep-g the onary
Agcees repos
felion Sat
carenee Sent fe lenplne tad — Gy tntesting 0 prs teeades
Antertion — §
clement at th appropiate potitren
ye number oh theroblans Wheel big thin Gatling terherape
depends on lhe mumber of there tn the Uhey,
ey tia gpnetal, Ue Uhem ten herent hg stony te oy
Abetmtion, am Uted
= Dusting dre Sirsk Theses, the — Clovnend at the part trey,
in Compard — torn the elamend® «ak. O™ Potttiny,
> purine, the Second Fletalion, the clement oF the 2%
W covarted §— WITH Chermane ak gh [M Goostto mg
Hy tetk peroress fh Papeatled fe, alt the tlavne fy fhe ata,
up be Cnty flerhan.
scanned witn CamscanniAke SORT UM
cot Capt
Tetertien
fey Veo hen
do boy af
fe tat
taht feo and af Cl zhey
do apgierts aflg
tetvl
AP TAN = key
ene
PROGRAM:
J povgtam fos. Aingectton Sok #/
off tmetude < cee to hb
f Votd — fneeation CME £1 mt)
Void main’)
£
inl
prank On babes
eant (8 ZA shed 5
priate (Wn Enter
fos Cis f4ns Ver)
ceant (87d) &2 Lis
prntt CM The elmer, bejore Salting ase; "5
tin, ako:
cnumber of ehemen ts “y,
the elomenta "5
rh Cleo fans tha)
pant (7% AM", asiqy;
tngeebron CO, ads
ened With Calieca
nn~ 3 eo UE
3
Printe CW The element Offer Se
£6 Creo siens Itt
pamtf (7d wb", fins
4
Void imgeetion
% aoe
mt 1 5,65
fa Ciz=0, 105 ited
$
Cime afsod, me n>
ds
wht (ce eapipee G 7=0))
§ qe
afse= alts
jeh-t3
\
als+ Vet:
OUTPUT =
Ent
Ente. the
‘The
The
ex mumbe OF elmenty 5
eamenh 78 2h 67 1: 29;
clement bey Sorttyg es FB SH
ts : &
elomentr FER paren ag : (2 93h
scanned witn Famscann:| Cinta at vlplel
Gbbtelolra
GEL al ws Le luo » |
ar Hey ay Wy ty
the Gehited atta kT
2 N90 A Th A G4 WA) hing Sie
Examece t +3 he
Sat He, SEs
fan ss (nuh fie [8 [er |
[nal vs = a. : ‘ | ot |
scanned witn vamscannces
6 (oy (By 4D GO, SS OF
the Sibed oda ib
Selection Sel >
pone ene
Rather, ‘than — GUpping Neighbor Cortrnuculs Like the babble
eed , this algerattorn finds, the Craaltert element of the
auay ord Paterchanges twith the element in the Fret
porttied of the atta
wy Miler thod it davvaminer the Feroining elements In
Wye Ont to find the Second Smallert elered _
the element tohich tu found — Cnbenchanged 4"
scannea with Camséann"ne elamnerd Hh Geterrd = paetttion
im enh Oe
1 WiL teeoeent, — Corrbinrites water ot! aes
thers Proper Odes -
7 The treba inetd depered
THI -
LelectionCon (css | six)
ft te) t n-l
fn Seta ton
if Get $44 < bist Loin} ten
win =>
end ib
end £0, 7
1& tAderma.{ =) then
swap list fer] ard vst TI
end lf
end fey
end
PROGRAM >
[ progam fox Selectton Sat +/
Fe inclsde
Vis election Cint 1, tt)>
Void ain ©)
g
CTEM WIT CAMISEANwow ew OE E-E-6-E
4
int t, 3,n, aleg:
Potmtf Cc \n Enter -mumber of elements");
Scang (* 7.4", £3
pomp CY \n Enter the elements");
fa (a0 TeN3 P+ed
Scant (ty, €ALiI)s
pate (’ In The elementi before Sovtmg ote :") +
i Cio, ieny T+)
parmteC! yd 6", aftDs
Selecttem Ca,n)
" ".
pemte (in ‘The element Ofte S6bmqg ae t');
486 (Pao, tensit+)
pam (vd HE", ALI);
Void Selection Cimt alse, mE n)
£
int id, min, Lemp;
fox Cfz0 3 lan site)
£
mim = f5
PCS att; Sony ite)
i
scanned with CamscannCa fitco fmin'y)
min = 4;
4
temp = @ fits
afits afmin] 4
a}miny = Lemp;
OvuTPuT =
etiam
Emte, mumber of comenk 5
ss 44
Ente. the elemenh 66 eg 33
“the clamnents befor Suvting 4,7 66 82 33 ss 74
5 66 44 Be
the Sement Fer Sorting Om + 3% 5s
scanned witn vamscannDDB DD OOO -0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0—0-0-0-0-0-0-0-4-0-0-6-6-6.6-0
EXAMPLE = 1
SS
using
SKE Ih, BB, 24, 10,35, 19, 42,44
[io] as|8
frost posttten fn
\ ey
FA the the
Ust ts Scanned Sesmrentvally . The
ly & Stpwed «= preterttly- we
find that [0
So we Seplace
and
Ney
5
fkeration 10, Which happens
Value ™ the List» appear fm
~~
ar
vo [a3 | 24] las] al eels |
where 323 & #8iding, oe
Second postion.
vest of the
Fe the
tse fh aq linet rete,
Stock Scann ing the
applied & the YEH
The Same proce &
items Tm the array.
[wu [fatal [ees]
a
[to | Ls [271351 33 | ea! ey
a
lo [ia Ls 33| as| 42) ey |
a _O 00 ——————FSCANHET With CAMSCANNEXAMPLE + >
ar
Sowt FL4, 1, 9,2 using Selection Sore
ae
vw
\ i}
(ta) a,afo
v
et
Quick See +
> Quick sae Uw & Very popular S&timng method.
> thik SKt Name Cemes feem the fact that tic:
Cot can S6t a Lect of data ehment Stqarrcantty
faster than any of the Commen Sebing algoriting .
> Tha Saiting ure a — Chrategy Called divide 2 cds.
Bt i bared om the principe that TH A fost £ eatin
eek Small arrays than me larger ome
(ys nt BH also called ot pasttton - exchange 64 Fng
ee ee
scanned witn vamscannwee es & & UD E ee
a
fo pexfetra a Wiel
The Sequence of Sheps Fentttrndl
ese -opetation om a cet of clemenk of the Stay
aw 0 Folloure
4s A plvol Them coritaleied -
ts now Scan the Sad Prom left fe matt
element & 97 of>x &
unt? Some
encountered
f le
ottay from Wht
3S Now cean the
untrl Some element ee 97 ag<% 4% i
encountend «
“Now exchange th jteme ap And a7
unt? the
steep 2 & *
Again Repeat
Some whee
Ww
tn the
Scan Opesatim omecti
eniddt: of the array .
ARSOE Ten
she cutee She
too functions = @ when @ postion
performed = UtIng
algorithm
Qpicke (alo & n-'], low, high)
1£ (low = ptvot) do
j2i-1
ig C?<=3) then
Swap CALI, ApS)
%
gwap (Allow, 4 £39)
Seton J
PROGRAM >
/& Progiam fk quten cat + /
Hh imclude
vod gutcre Cimt TT, tme, Mt) 5
Yoid mainc)
$
rte in, alse;
parimt¢ (pe exter mumber oF elements’);
Seang Cl xd", &n)5
scanned witn CamscannbeBbLLOBYBL YY Y
Primte (S\n Enter the elements "5
fa Cleo; fens ler)
Seang(l vd", €alids
pants ("qn The element before SHENG Oe i;
fa Cf=0y ienstat)
pomte (dt @oid)s
fo Ciz05 tans M+)
pants (rd tt", alls
4
Void ice Ciné alsod, tmt Fis, , Int (ost)
z
int tit, ptvoe,
if Chest < (ast)
' |
Pivot = fest 5 |
i= fret |
Ja lot ;
wht Cfa Lpévot J)
j--3
ig Ces)
£
“scanned witn camscannit2aLi3s
asit=afsds
afidets
4
%
b= afpivot 15
appivot J = afits
afi] =t5
opitce Ca, fest, S-05
quite Ca, J+, ort);
q
OUTPUT =
Emter number of elements 5
Enter Une clemene 46 19 28 38 69
The
element bejore Sovimg Ou: 46 1% 23 3% 4
The clement After Sorting ou: 23 38 6 oy 78EXAMPLE = 1
|
Sik «Ss,
a 14,6, 2,7 using Wiel See
2 te Ss _6 A might
r
ts[s {els [olel2 |]
pier
Set pivot =O, (egal , wight =F
compas lest [leet] usity luek fervor. re USE Lterey
chop: otheruite move
Qseate, than List [pivot] then
left fm the “ext-
Compa Lest Cright J ith Use Sptvoe] ae Ustbigt
ts gmauter than List fervot J then SfP pteeewetce— ane.
wight the previous -
Repeat the Same unt] (eet > = fight
ae both lege R wight ate topped bub |
lege < wight then guap list [lest] with tice Lorgn ang
Contimue the Prmrers- ae leet >= aight then Sap |
fect [PIVOE ] with Lect Lwighe T-
(ere os |
5|3 6 |3
pivot
compose List fleet] < Use [pivot os we ts tre Inerement
test by ome ond yepect the Same, Lege wll! Stop
at &
compere Lisl Lwiqnt 7 > list Cpivot Ta te es tre decremes
wighk by ome and Sepeat the Lame , eight vill
stop at Q.
scanned witn Camscannlett ___ stalk
VN T
s\3 ail y\ 6, 2\ 4
Pivot
both au Stopped
meed to Swap Use Llefe] ang
7 and left Pe mot
Hee tepe & wart 7
greater than Wight So We
lst Parght ]
Leet right
pivot
compare List [lett] < list fprvor] of te & true Pnttement
lee by one and vepeat the Same, teet whl Gop at C_
te in tue decrement
, at
vight by one and aepent the Same "Oe wal, Slop at
7
GhbbiebE
=
here lege R WIghE ate StOPPEd Ord
i
|
|
|
|
compare Ut Pmght] > Lt Lervet] os
feet th Qectie than
we need to Swop List] ptvoe] & lst Laight]
v
thot oll the numbeu te the ley
wigue = $0
Here we con obSesve
ofS ate Smoller and wight side au greater.
cide
wien | > (> placed tm the Corsect positton .
Repent the Same proces on the leet ublict and
La cubis to ‘the eee cs.
oe Lege : fete rig
felstaliis slélels
Pivot Pivot
tanned Jams
with Gamscann5
5 tn the let Subst — as there au no gmalle, number
o than the prot, ere wt! keep on moving to the next
° at seeps at last number As the lst Lrghe To
; : leet a
oa Now nf
Y cmattes, wighr Sfors OF Same paste
' cwap pivoe TT might
be we
waght both te espel
a Lat oat
slG6/e hid
both sides |
Becussne om |
Repeot the eles
Yop stale
T i
6 | 3\%
ExAmpLe + 2
=
4, 99, HS 36, 2S, 66 ubemg, oyutcle Sot
Soe
(ett ght
& | 9a| 45 ac| 25 | I [éc
Prvot
ete a
naa] as] 36[25[ 1 | 66
‘Fook
(ee aight : .
[+] 1 |as | 36|os aa [ec |
Phyok
eg with CamscannPivot
Te Jacl aston [a
Pivot _
poe eee
ee
nn*y
>
HEE CECH
y Metge She hes tan comeeph OF divide £ conus Meth
rr a that Con tinuon
puts 0 (UM tm halt
pag the st toh 6 i Hem, i &
Suited by olefmition
ane Ptem, we
ache ieee ier hag ride than
invoke
cpt — the Lick anal pocuntvely — § eta
both halves. once the tooo halter ae
get OF
costed , the Punclamentel ppatation called mrtge &
Petfoemed
> mesging ts the Procen 44 tareng 7 Srna
cated lst and Combining tham together inte a
ging. Sorted neo (Use -
ALGORITHM =
=—_—
& n-], Lowa, hte)
pMergesort (tre Alo
tt Clow < high) then
med < (owt high) |»
meget (A, low, mid)
Mergesort CA, mid), hire)
Combme (A, low, mid, hey)
pa ; it jj
jscannDombire CA fo fe M11, lw, mid, high)
5
Kk = low
1< low
jamtd +)
whit. (?<=mid and Je = high) do
ip Catt] <= api)
&
temp [kJ < ALT
fete)
ke kt]
%
elbe
&
templk J eAliY
jedti
kKeetl
4
while (7? <=mid) do
g
Lemp DET — alg
ra i+)
Ke K+)
SETI WITT Gi
amscannwhile (i <= Argh) do
~demp Ped a [FI
S
Noid wmesge Cimt fy ,imt> imt , int);
Void pastitten (ime C1. int vtat)s
vota main C d
£
mt i, n, alsvds
punth Cin Enter number oy element");
seat (Ora eds
pate (Un Corker the elements "Js
$8 (f20, tenytre)
Scone (8 7A") Lapiz);
pant Cm The element
before Costing ate: "):
4h (is0; fen;l4+)
prmtt (“7d \E", afig;
poetition (a, 0, n-);
scanned with Cams
itn CGamscannPrinty ("tn The elements often Sorting Bie :"
fh Ci=05 fens ttt)
Pont Co %d VE", a 872);
4
Void Partition Cnt APs], mt low, fort high)
£
Int mid 5
tf (low < hgh)
&
mid = (low + high) | 25
postition (a, low, mid) 5
Postition (a, mrd+1, high)s
meige Ca, low, mig , hegh);
%
4
Vord merge Ctmt also], te low, tml mid, tnt high’)
£
tt 1, Ky bm, bemp fang;
f= low ;
Le low;
m= md tl;
wht (Che = mid) eeim <= high) J
: .
scanned witn Camscannue Caseqes ated
tempi. afsts
Att;
5
elte
$
temp Sid =o des
mats
4
itt;
4
WO pmid)
L
fo, (Kem; kes highs K++)
3 >
temp [12 oLeTs
lass
4
4
else
i
fa Ce cd Keemid’s Kee)
5 temp iT -aTT t
tres
i)
4
fos Cte = Low ket hagh: K++)
afk{= €empted;
4
ourer
Ember mumber element SS
enter the element
The element bef d+
The tlemant feeseExamele: 4 .
by Prretge SBt ‘
eae 38, 24,43, 8,9, 82,1
scanned witn vamscannEXAMPLE ; 2.
Sate 54,26, 93, 14, TF, Bl, Hy SS 20 Ving
mesge Sovt
14 | 20 [26 arlay [54 les ba [>2|
canned with CamscannAlgowitnny:
Arelyce of Algettthas
of oan oulgorfthn a boricady
as a Puncting
The time Complexity
the Stunning feme 0F progam
CL the fmpat Cie
the Space Complenfly of 9% algowitin & the
amount of computa memory that uu vespived Aeeng the
ve of the: Inpot Size. ,
preyam execetin function
Best cates
Sek Ree
qh te Used © te Oalyse the ealgertthm tole
Optemal — Cendlitiens . :
Svesas See.
Te Spectres the expected behavfou, of the algcitng
tshen the trpuk G. Sanclomly : draw ‘“frem a+ -Given &
des beibaton,
weet Core >
The WUE - Cate Binning Lime of an algonitinn |
is on “Upper bound om the Aunning tome foc any
trpet -
Amatized Sumning fore,
ae quasontecs the average pesfeemana OF each Operitioy
aa
in the = wostst Cate :
— tearined witn Gamscanneroding wre 2d oy
4 foe 2th see Copley:for Ceo 5 i. ite ;
\ Ciz0 5 iet0o 2) > ftn) = n[2 > Tee Ota)
Stwrt — blocie
Logarithmic Loops *
fos Cis 15 F<1o003
ix2)
Stmt block 5
Fos (F=1009 5 i> ety THT!)
Stmt Hock »
wshtch the Teenatieng
of Loops
the loop - Cenbrolting Voarable Can
> The ehtictency
clvide A omtulltply
be quem ot ftny= logn 3 Tes Olegn)
£& Cr=04 teto; 4+) 5 i) = nlogn
Fa Gai. Isis j=}a te = OLaloyn)
Gtmt blocr
Grodeste Seoe +
cho of fetationg tt tines loop = Mo- df Meaatront tn
~ Outs Loop
fa (Teo, Mto slr)
fe. Ged yacion dee) 3S POs n>
Stet block Te= o(n®)
Dependent Quadistt; feoet
4s (i205 jzio, i++) :
fa (i205 desi ite) DFM) = n (ntl 5 Grny
stmt block es O¢n*)
scanned with CamscannAnalysis of —
Analysts of rants oh Linear, geauche
conptextty : OC)
> space
pert - OC)
ss Time Comp lexity .
Avetoge — olny)
: lo =
pest | eae'| ing ell AL oc)
Search & phen Key & the Fist
element th the lect . ory om compasfion made 00)
poke CME when he elomeré UW mot found Kt
tase element 77 tre Use son) 7" Comparicont Made
prnalys?s oF Complsetty o 8 Seaech=
wee wy wy
> Space com ploacity # ollegn)
tn this gench » OF cee thot tsith each
cearch
Com petise) y the he of. the gegrent f eS
5 f
Hetisces + ts he snus oe 087 S08 that» 9 ones
tp low poaticular wale tn tne or
i od
potel mumber Ol tem pathsont that wl be moaede (6
given 8
> Time complextty + Best — ot)
Average - 0 (L0g"*)
roost — 0 (ley n)
Aralysts, 2 cemplesty ge Bubb Aste
> space Complexity = ot)
Ly Time cemples' f°
gotten, — 2geCthn
sre Complexity OF any
nnpaula eet Commences:
depends
we
(n-1) Compasigent 8 Mode “uy
in th place ta
trnow — thaé
element
place the highest
pau | te
moh a _ list Th Bepeoti Pex Other Patbed
the tote! Compacicong OE
Cn-d) 4 (n-2) + ead
2 ntn-)]a e(rend(2 2 ow)
s the ttme Complexflg ota)
Best - O(n)
Averoge — OLN?)
woot ~ O(n?)
Amabysts of, Sorplently Of dticdton SM +
> Space Complexity = OC!)
ay Teme Complesuiby
seeking technique , bedt Cate OCuus
Fa thu
then ty auoy 8
of tho algetthm
united Ut a
ia
O(a) Sine each PL eration, elemod
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