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THIRD DIVISION
Octo
G.R. No. 186114
CHEVRON (PHILS.), INC., Petitioner
vs.
VITALIANO C. GALIT SJS AND SONS CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION and MR. REYNALDO SALOMON, Res
DECISION
PERALTA, J.:
Before the Court is a petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court seeking the reversal and set
the Decision and Resolution of the Court of Appeals (CA), dated December 8, 2008 and January 20, 2009., respecti
1 2
GR. SP No. 104713. The assailed CA
Decision reversed and set aside the Decision dateq January 31, 2008 and the Resolution dated May 27, 2008 of the
Labor Relations Commission (NLRC), Second Division in NLRC NCR (Case No.) 00-03-02399-06 (CA No. 051468-0
questioned CA Resolution denied petitioner's Motion for Reconsideration.
The factual and.procedural antecedents of the case are as follows:
On March 20, 2006, herein respondent (Gal it) filed against Caltex Philippines, Inc., now Chevron (Phils.), Inc., SJS a
Construction Corporation (SJS), and its president, Reynaldo Salomon (Salomon), a Complaint for illegal dismissal,
3 4
underpayment/non-payment of 13th month pay, separation pay and emergency cost of living allowance. The Compla
with the NLRC National Capital Region, North Sector Branch in Quezon City.
In his Position Paper, Galit alleged that: he is a regular and permanent employee of Chevron since 1982, having bee
5
at the company's Pandacan depot; he is an "all-around employee" whose job consists of cleaning the premises of the
changing malfunctioning oil gaskets, transferring oil from containers and other tasks that management would assign t
performance of his duties, he was directly under the control and supervision of Chevron supervisors; on January 15,
was verbally informed that his employment is terminated but was promised that he will be reinstated soon; for severa
followed up his reinstatement but was not given back his job.
In its Position Paper, SJS claimed that: it is a corhpany which was established in 1993 and was engaged in the busin
6
providing manpower to its clients on a "per project/contract" basis; Galit was hired by SJS in 1993 as a project emplo
assigned to Chevron, as a janitor, based on a contract between the two companies; contrary to Galit's allegation, he s
working for SJS only in 1993; the manpower contract between SJS and Chevron eventually ended on November 30,
resulted in the severance of Galit's employment; SJS finally closed its business operations in December 2004; it retire
doing business in Manila on January 21, 2005; Galit was paid separation pay of Pll,000.00.
On the other hand, petitioner contended in its Position Paper with Motion to Dismiss that: it entered into two (2) contr
7
Janitorial services with SJS from May 1, 2001 to April 30, 2003 and from June 1, 2003 to June 1, 2004; under these c
SJS undertook to "assign such number of its employees, upon prior.agreement with [petitioner], as would be sufficien
effectively render the wdrk and services undertaken" and to "supply the equipment, tools and materials, which shall, b
means, be effective and efficient, at its own expense, necessary for the performance" of.janitorial services; Galit, who
employed by SJS, was assigned to petitioner's Pandacan depot as a janitor; his wages and all employment benefits w
SJS; he was subject to the supervision, discipline and control of SJS; on November 30, 2004,. the extended contract
petitioner and SJS expired; subsequently, a new contract for janitorial services was awarded by petitioner to another
contractor; petitioner was surprised that Galit filed an action impleading it; despite several conferences, the parties we
to arrive at an amicable settlement.
On October 31, 2006, the Labor Arbiter (LA) assigned to the case rendered a Decision, the dispositive portion of whi
8
follows:
WHEREFORE, judgment is, hereby rendered DISMISSING the Complaint against respondent Chevron for lack of jur
and against
respondents SJS and Reynaldo Salomon for lack of merit. For equity and compassionate consideration, however, res
SJS is hereby ordered to pay the complainant a separation pay at the rate of a half-month salary for every year of ser
the complainant had with respondent SJS.
SO ORDERED. 9
The LA found that SJS is a legitimate contractor and that it was Galit's employer, not petitioner. The LA dismissed Ga
complaint for illegal dismissal against petitioner for lack of jurisdiction on the ground that there was no employer-emp
relationship between petitioner and Galit. The LA likewise dismissed the complaint against SJS and Salomon for lack
the basis of his finding that Galit's employment with SJS simply expired as a result of the completion of the project for
was engaged.
Aggrieved, herein respondent filed an appeal with the NLRC.
10
On January 31, 2008, the NLRC rendered its Decision and disposed as follows:
11
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the decision under review is hereby, MODIFIED.
Respondent SJS and Sons Construction Corporation is ordered to pay the complainant, severance compensation, at
one (1) month salary for every year of service. In all other respects, the appealed decision so stands as AFFIRMED.
SO ORDERED. 12
The NLRC affirmed the findings. of the LA that SJS was a legitimate job contractor and that it was Galit's employer. H
NLRC found that Galit was a regular, and not a project employee, of SJS, whose employment was effectively termina
SJS ceased to operate.
Herein respondent filed a Motion for Reconsideration, but the NLRC denied it in its Resolution dated May 27, 2008.
13 14
Respondent then filed a petition for certiorari with the CA assailing the above NLRC Decision and Resolution.
On December 8, 2008, the CA promulgated its assailed Decision, the dispositive portion of which reads, thus:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the petition is GRANTED.
The Decision dated January 31, 2008 and the Resolution dated May 27, 2008 of the NLRC, Second Division in NLRC
[Case No.] 00-03-02399-06 (CA No. 051468-07) are REVERSED and SET ASIDE.
Judgment is rendered declaring private respondent Chevron Phils. guilty of illegal dismissal and ordering petitioner G
reinstatement without loss of seniority rights and other privileges and payment of his full backwages, inclusive of allow
to other benefits or their monetary equivalents computed from the time compensation was withheld up to the time of a
reinstatement. Private respondent Chevron Phils. is also hereby ordered to pay 10% of the amount due petitioner Ga
attorney's fees.
SO ORDERED. 15
Contrary to the. findings of the LA and the NLRC, the CA held that SJS was a labor-only contractor, that petitioner is
actual employer and that the latter was unjustly dismissed from his employment.
Herein petitioner filed a motion, for reconsideration, but the CA denied it in its Resolution dated January 20, 2009.
Hence, the present petition for review on certiorari based on the following grounds:
I.
WITH ALL DUE RESPECT, THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS SERIOUSLY ERRED IN DECLARING THAT
DISMISSAL OF RESPONDENT WAS ILLEGAL CONSIDERING THAT:
A. THE FINDINGS OF FACT OF THE LABOR ARBITER A QUO AND THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMM
ARE ALREADY BINDING UPON THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS.
B. THERE IS NO . EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND RESPONDENT HE
C. PETITIONER SJS IS A . LEGITIMATE INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR.
II.
CONSIDERING THAT THERE IS NO EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COMPANY 'AND
RESPONDENT HEREIN, THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS' AWARD OF REINSTATEMENT, BACKWAGES
ATTORNEY'S FEES AGAINST THE COMPANY HAS NO LEGAL BASIS. 16
On September 19, 2012, this Court issued a Resolution directing petitioner to implead SJS as party-respondent on t
17
that it is an indispensable party without whom no final determination can be had of this case.
In a Motion dated November 21, 2012, petitioner manifested its compliance with this Court's September 19, 2012 Re
18
addition, it prayed that Salomon be also impleade'd as party-respondent.
Acting orr petitioner's above Motion, this Court issued another Resolution on June 19, 2013, stating that SJS and Sa
19
impleaded as parties-respondents and are required to comment on the petition for review on certiorari.
However, despite due notice sent to SJS and Salomon at their last known addresses, copies of the above Resolution
returned unserved. Hence, on October 20, 2014, the Court, acting on Galit's plea for early resolution of the case, prom
Resolution resolving to dispense with the filing by SJS and 'Salomon of their respective comments.
20
The Court will, thus, proceed to resolve the instant petition.
At the outset, the Court notes that the first ground raised by petitioner consists of factual issues. It is settled that this C
a trier of facts, and this applies with greater force in labor cases. Corollary thereto, this Court has held in. a number o
21
factual findings of administrative or quasi-judicial bodies, which are deemed to ha;ye acquired expertise in matters wi
respective jurisdictioJ1:S, are generally accorded not only respect but even finality, and bind the Court when supporte
substantial evidence. However, it is equally settled that the.foregoing principles admit of certain exceptions, to wit: (1
22
findings are grounded entirely on speculation, surmises or conjectures; (2) the inference made is manifestly mistaken
impossible; (3) there is grave abuse of discretion; (4) the judgment is based on a misapprehension of facts; (5) the fin
fact are conflicting; (6) in making its findings, the Court of Appeals went beyond the issues of the case, or its findings
to the admissions of both appellant and appellee; (7) the findings are contrary to those of the trial court; (8) the finding
conclusions without citation of specific evidence on which they are based; (9) the facts set forth in the petition, as wel
petitioners main and reply briefs, are not disputed by respondent; (10) the findings of fact are premised on the suppos
of evidence and contradicted by the evidence on record; and (11) the Court of Appeals manifestly overlooked certain
facts not disputed by the parties, which, if properly considered, would justify a different conclusion. In the instant cas
23
gives due course to the instant petition considering that the findings of fact and conclusions of law of the LA and the N
from those of the CA.
Thus, the primordial question that confronts the Court is whether there existed an employer-employee relationship be
petitioner and Galit, and whether the former ·is liable to the latter for the termination of his employment. Corollary to t
issue of whether or not SJS is an independent contractor or a labor only contractor.
To ascertain the existence of an employer-employee relationship, jurisprudence has invariably adhered to the four-fo
wit: (1) the selection and engagement of the employee; (2) the payment of wages; (3)
the power of dismissal; and (4) the power to control the employee's conduct, or the so-called "control test." Of these
24
last one is the most important. The so-called "control test" is commonly regarded as the most crucial and determinat
25
of the presence or absence of an employer-employee relationship. Under the control test, an employer-employee re
26
exists where the person for whom the services are performed reserves the right to contrpl. not only the end achieved
the manner and means to be used in reaching that end. 27
In the instant case, the true nature of Galit's employment is evident from the Job Contract between petitioner and SJS
portions of which are reproduced hereunder:
xxxx
1.1 The CONTRACTOR [SJS] shall provide the following specific services to the COMPANY [petitioner]:
xxxx
1. Scooping of slop of oil water separator
2. Cleaning of truck parking area/drum storage area and pier
xxxx
4.1 In the fulfillment of its obligations to the COMPANY, the CONTRACTOR shall select and hire its workers. The
CONTRACTOR alone shall be responsible for the payment of their wages and other employment benefits and likewis
safeguarding of their health and safety in accordance with existing laws and regulations. Likewise, the CONTRACTO
responsible for the discipline and/or dismissal of these workers.
4.2 The CONTRACTOR shall retain the right to control the manner and the means of performing the work, with the C
having the control or direction only as to the results to be accomplished.
xxxx
4.4 It is understood that, for the above reasons, these workers shall be considered as the employees of the CONTRA
Under no circumstances, shall these workers be deemed directly or indirectly as the employees of the COMPANY.
xxxx
5.1 The CONTRACTOR shall maintain efficient and effective discipline over any and all employees it may utilize in pe
obligations under this CONTRACT. x x x
5.2 The COMPANY shall in no manner be arrnwerable or accountable for any incident or injury which may occur to a
personnel of.the CONTRACTOR during the time and consequent upon the performance of the work and services und
Agreement, nor for any injury, loss or damage arising from fault, negligence or carelessness of the CONTRACTOR o
its workers to any person or persons or to his or their property; and the CONTRACTOR covenants and agrees to ass
does hereby assume, all liabilities for any such injury, loss or damage and to make the COMPANY free and blameles
therefrom.x x x
5.3. The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for any loss or damage that may be incurred upon the products, proper
installations of the COMPANY during the effectivity of this Contract which are due to the unreasonable or negligent a
CONTRACTOR, its agents or its workers.
xxxx
6.1 The CONTRACTOR shall at its own expense maintain with a reputable insurance company, acceptable to the CQ
comprehensive liability insurance in the amount required by the COMPANY to cover claims for bodily injury, death or
damage caused to any person or persons by an act or omission of the CONTRACTOR or any of its employees, agen
representatives.
xxxx
x x x [T]he CONTRACTOR agrees and undertakes:
xxxx
b. To submit satisfactory proof to the COMPANY that it has registered its persqnnel/workers assigned to perform the
services herein required with the Social Security System, Medicare and other appropriate agencies for purposes of th
Code as well as other laws, decrees, rules and regulations.
c. To pay the wages or salaries of its personnel/workers as well as benefits, premia and protection in accordance with
provisions of the Labor Code and other applicable laws, decrees, rules and regulations promulgated by competent au
x
d. To assign such number of its employees, upon prior agreement with the COMPANY, as would be sufficient to fully
effectively render the work and services herein undertaken. x x x
e. To supply the equipment, tools and materials, which shall, by all means, be effective and efficient, at its own expen
necessary for the performance of the services under this Contract. 28
The foregoing provisions of the Job Contract between petitioner and SJS demonstrate that the fatter possessed the f
earmarks of an employer, to wit: (1) the power of selection and engagement of employees, under Sections 4.1 and 6.
payment of wages, under Sections 4.1 and 6.l(c); (3) the power to discipline and dismiss, under" Section 4.1; and,
(4) the power to control the employee's conduct, under Sections 4.1, 4.2, and 5.1.
As to SJS' power of selection and engagement, Galit himself admitted in his own affidavit that it was SJS which assig
work at Chevron's Pandacan depot. As such, there is no question that it was SJS which selected and engaged Galit
29
employee.
With respect to the payment of wages, the Court finds no error in the findings of the LA that Galit admitted that it was
paid his wages.
While Galit claims that petitioner was the one which actually paid his wages and that SJS was merely used as a cond
failed to present evidence to this effect. Galit, likewise, failed to present sufficient proof to back up his claim that it wa
and not SJS, which actually paid his SSS, Philhealth and Pag-IBIG premiums. Ori the contrary, it is.unlikely that SJS
report Galit as its worker, pay his SSS, Philhealth and Pag-IBIG premiums, as w~ll as his wages, if it were not true th
indeed its employee. In the same manner, the Quitclaim and Release, which was
30 31
undisputedly signed by Galit, acknowledging receipt of his separation pay from SJS, is an indirect admission or recog
fact that the latter was indeed his employer. Again, it would be unlikely for SJS to pay Galit his separation pay if it is n
latter's employer.
Galit also did not dispute the fact that he was dismissed from employment by reason of the termination of the service
between SJS and petitioner. In other words, it was not petitioner which ended his employment. He was dismissed th
1âwphi1
because petitioner no longer renewed its contract with SJS and that the latter subsequently ceased to operate.
Anent the power of control, the Court again finds no cogent reason to depart from the findings of the NLRC that in ca
matters that needed to be addressed with respect to employee performance, petitioner dealt directly with SJS and no
employee concerned. In any event, it is settled that such power merely calls for the existence of the right to control an
necessarily the exercise thereof. In the present case, the Job Contract between petitioner and SJS clearly provided th
"shall retain the right to control the manner and the means of performing the work, with [petitioner] having the control
only as to the results to be accomplished." 32
In addition, it would bear to point out that contrary to the ruling of the CA, the work performed by Galit, which is the "s
slop of oil water separator," has no direct relation to petitioner's business, which is the importation, refining and man
33
petroleum products. The Court defers to the findings of both the LA and the NLRC that the job performed by Galit, wh
essentially consists of janitorial services, may be incidental or desirable to petitioner's main activity but it is not neces
directly related to it.
As to whether or not SJS is an independent contractor, jurisprudence has invariably ruled that an independent contra
on an independent business and undertakes the contract work on his own account, under his own responsibility, acco
own manner and method, and free from the control and direction of his employer or principal in all matters connected
performance of the work except as to the results thereof. This embodies what has long been jurisprudentially recogn
34
control test, as discussed above. In the instant case, SJS presented evidence to show that it had an independent bus
paying business taxes and fees and that it was registered as an employer with the Social Security System. Moreover
no evidence to show that SJS and its employees were ever subject to the control of petitioner. On the contrary, as sh
SJS possessed the right to control its employees' manner and means of performing their work, including herein respo
As to its capital, there is no dispute that SJS generated an income of ₱1,523,575.81 for the year 2004. In Neri v. Na
35
Relations Commission, this Court held that a business venture which had a capitalization of ₱1,000,000.00 was con
36
highly capitalized and cannot be deemed engaged in labor-only contracting. In the present case, while SJS' income o
₱1,500,000.00 was not shown to be equivalent to its authorized capital stock, such income is an indication of how mu
was put into its business to generate such amount of revenue. Thus, the Court finds no sufficient reason to disturb th
the LA and the NLRC that SJS had substantial capital.
WHEREFORE, the instant petition is GRANTED. The assailed Decision and Resolution of the Court of Appeals, date
December 8, 2008 and January 20, 2009, respectively, are REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The Decision of the Nation
Relations Commission, dated January 31, 2008 in NLRC NCR [Case No.] 00-03-02399-06 (CA No. 051468-07) is RE
SO ORDERED.
DIOSDADO M. PERALTA *
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
MARTIN S. VILLARAMA, JR.
Associate Justice
ESTELA M. PERLAS-BERNABE **
MARVIC M.V.F. LEONEN ***
Associate Justice Associate Justice
FRANCIS H. JARDELEZA
Associate Justice
ATTESTATION
I attest that the conclusions in the above Decisionhad been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to
the opinion of the Court’s Division.
DIOSDADO M. PERALTA
Associate Justice
Acting Chairperson, Third Division
CERTIFICATION
Pursuant to the Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution and the Division Acting Chairperson’s Attestation, I certify t
conclusions in the above Decision had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the
the Court’s Division.
MARIA LOURDES P.A. SERENO
Chief Justice
Footnotes
*
Per Special Order No. 2203 dated September 22, 2015.
Designated Actmg Member in lieu of Associate Justice Bienvenido L. Reyes per Special Order No. 2245 dat
**
5, 2015.
Designated Acting Member in lieu of Associate Justice Presbitero J. Velasco, Jr. per Special Order No. 220
***
September 22. 2015.
1
Penned by Associate .Justice Remedios A. Salazar-Fernando, with Associate Justices Rosalinda Asuncion-
Ramon M. Bato, Jr., concurring; Annex '"A" to Petition, rollo, pp. 36-51.
2
Annex "B" to Petition, id. at 52-54.
3
Also spelled as·"Solomon" in other parts of the rollo and records.
4
Records, vol. I, p. 2.
5
Id. at 8-26.
6
Id. at 29-34.
7
Id. at 67-87.
8
Id. at 125-134.
9
Id. at 134.
10
Id. at 143-165.
11
Id. at 209-217.
12
ld.at 216.
13
Id. at 219-245.
14
Id. at 247-249.
15
Rollo, p. 50. (Emphasis in the original)
16
Id. at 5-6. (Emphasis omitted)
17
Id. at 683-684.
18
Id. at 707-711.
19
Id. at 722.
20
Id. at last page (795).
21
New City Builders, Inc. v. NLRC, 499 Phil. 207. 211 (2005).
22
Merck Sharp and Dohme (Phils.), et al. v. Robles, et. al., 620·Phil. 505, 512 (2009).
23
Id.
24
Atok Big Wedge Co., Inc. v. Gison, 670 Phil. 615, 626-627 (2011).
25
Id. at 627.
26
Id.
27
Id.
28
Rollo, pp. 76-80.
29
See records, vol. I, p. 27.
Corporal, Sr., v. NLRC, 395 Phil. 890, 90 I (2000); Escasinas, et al. v. Shangri-la's Mactan Island Resort, et
30
Phil. 746, 757 (2009).
31
See rollo, p. 347.
32
See rollo, p. 77. 33 Id. at 93; 96.
34
Alilin v. Petron Corporation, G.R. No. 177592, June 9, 2014, 725 SCRA 342, 357; First Philippine Industrial
v. Calimbas, G.R. No. 179256, July 10, 2013, 701 SCRA I, 14.
35
See rollo, p. 127.
36
G.R. Nos. 97008-09, July 23, 1993, 224 SCRA 717, 720.
