Puzzle It Out: Chemistry Terms

Test your knowledge of general chemistry terms by completing the crossword puzzle below.

ACROSS DOWN
4. Anything that has mass and occupies space 1. Particles in the center of an atom that carry a
5. An atom of an element that contains a positive charge
different number of neutrons 2. Element represented by the letter C
7. Center of an atom 3. One of the four elements that comprise the body:
9. Element represented by the letter O carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
10. A pure substance that can’t be broken down 6. Element represented by the letter H
or decomposed into two or more substances 8. Chemical combinations of two or more elements
11. Particles in the center of an atom that carry a 12. Smallest part of an element
negative charge
13. Tiny particles that whirl around the center of
an atom

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 Drawing Conclusions: Chemical Bonds

First identify the key characteristics of ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds by filling in the blanks in the
following sentences. Then, in the space provided, draw an example of each type of bond.

1. Ionic Bonds
Ionic bonds are formed when one atom (a) an electron from its outer shell to
another atom. The electrical charge of the atom then changes from (b) to either
(c) or (d) .
Draw an example of an ionic bond between sodium and chlorine atoms in the space provided. An
illustration of a sodium and chlorine atom has been provided to get you started.

Na Cl

2. Covalent Bonds
In covalent bonds, two atoms (a) one or more pairs of electrons. Covalent bonds are
(b) than ionic bonds.
Draw an example of a double covalent bond between carbon and oxygen atoms to form CO2. An
illustration of a carbon and oxygen atom has been provided to get you started.

Oxygen atom Carbon atom

+
8p
0
8n

3. Hydrogen Bonds
A hydrogen bond is a weak (a) between a slightly positive (b) atom in
one molecule and a slightly negative (c) or (d) atom in another.

Using the illustration of a water molecule (shown here), draw an example of a hydrogen bond between
two water molecules.
+

O
–

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 Make a Connection: Chemical Reactions

Unscramble the words on the left to reveal the three types of chemical reactions. Then draw lines to link
each type with its particular characteristics.

1. HENSISSTY a. Involves the breakdown of a complex substance into

two or more simpler substances
b. Requires energy input
2. OPTICDOMINOES
c. Represented by the equation AB + CD →AC + BD

d. Occurs when two molecules exchange atoms or groups

3. HANGEXEC
of atoms, forming two new compounds
e. Involves the combination of two or more
substances to form a different, more complex
substance
f. Represented by the equation AB →A + B
g. Releases energy
h. Represented by the equation A + B → AB

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 Puzzle It Out: Chemistry Concepts

Hone your knowledge of chemistry concepts by completing the following crossword puzzle.

ACROSS 12. Involves building larger and more complex

chemical molecules, which requires energy input
2. Particle composed of two or more atoms
13. The capacity to do work
united by a chemical bond
4. The electrons in an atom’s outer shell DOWN
5. Energy in motion 1. Reactions that can go in either direction under
7. Type of molecule with an uneven distribution
different circumstances
of electrons
3. All the chemical reactions in the body
8. Atoms having a positive charge
6. Involves breaking down complex compounds into
9. Compounds that ionize in water to create a
simpler ones, releasing energy in the process
solution capable of conducting electricity
10. Electrically charged atoms
10. Process whereby ionic bonds dissociate in
11. Atoms having a negative charge
water to create a solution of positively and negatively
charged particles

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 Just the Highlights: Characteristics of Water

Unlike any other fluid, water has a number of characteristics that make it essential for life. Link the characteristics
of water with its performance in the body by highlighting each of the following sentences as suggested.

●Highlight in pink the sentences describing 1. Cells receive the chemicals they need to function.
water’s action as a solvent. 2. The heart beats freely without encountering friction.
●Highlight in yellow the sentences describing 3. Joints operate smoothly, allowing the body to move.
water’s action as a lubricant.
4. The body can maintain a stable temperature despite
●Highlight in blue the sentences describing changes in activity level or environmental temperature.
water’s ability to absorb and release heat.
5. Large chemical compounds are broken down into
components cells can use.
6. The lungs expand and contract freely for effortless
breathing.
7. Sweat cools the body.

Make a Connection: Body Fluids

Unscramble the words on the left to discover two types of fluid. Then draw lines linking each fluid
type to its characteristics as well as to examples of each.

1. DOCUMPON a. Results when two or more mixtures blend together,

with each retaining its own chemical properties
b. Results when two or more elements combine to make
2. REMITUX
a new substance that has its own chemical properties
c. Substances involved can be separated
d. Example: Table salt
e. Example: Water
f. Example: Salt in scrambled eggs
g. Example: Lemonade

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 Just the Highlights: Types of Mixtures

Mixtures of substances in water can be solutions, colloids, or suspensions. Identify the characteristics
of each by highlighting each of the following sentences as suggested.

● Highlight in yellow the sentences describing 1. Usually consist of a mixture of protein and water
solutions. 2. Contain large particles, causing them to be
● Highlight in orange the sentences describing cloudy or opaque
colloids. 3. May be gas, solid, or liquid
● Highlight in blue the sentences describing
4. Can change from a liquid to a gel
suspensions.
5. Are clear, with no visible particles; particles don’t
separate when the mixture is allowed to stand
6. Have particles that separate if the solution is
allowed to stand
7. Contain particles small enough to stay
permanently mixed but large enough to make the
mixture cloudy
8. Example in the body: Glucose in the blood
9. Example in the body: Blood cells in plasma
10. Example in the body: Albumin in blood plasma

Fill in the Gaps: The pH Scale

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words to complete each sentence. Choose from the words listed in
the Word Bank below.

−
ACID ACCEPTORS BASE DONORS HYDROXIDE (OH )
+
ACIDIC ALKALINE BASIC HYDROGEN (H ) NEUTRAL

1. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are .

2. Solutions with a pH greater than 7 are or .

3. When acidic solutions are dissolved in water, they release ions.

4. Alkaline solutions release ions when dissolved in water.

5. Acidic solutions are called proton .

6. Alkaline solutions are called proton .

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 +
7. The greater the concentration of hydrogen (H ) ions, the stronger the .
–
8. The greater the concentration of hydroxide (OH ) ions, the stronger the .

+ –
9. A solution containing equal numbers of H and OH ions is known as a solution.

Illuminate the Truth: Organic Compounds

Highlight the word or phrase that correctly completes each sentence.

1. The term organic is used to describe compounds (containing carbon)(without carbon).

2. (Proteins)(Carbohydrates) are the body’s main energy source.
3. Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are all types of (carbohydrates)(fats).
4. The primary form of sugar found in the body is (glycogen)(glucose).
5. The stored form of glucose is (galactose)(glycogen).
6. Triglycerides, the most abundant lipid in the body, (serve no known purpose and are a major contributor to
heart disease)(function as a concentrated source of energy).
7. Saturated fatty acids (form a solid mass)(are liquid) at room temperature.
8. Cholesterol is the body’s chief (steroid)(triglyceride).
9. (Proteins)(Fats) are the most abundant, and most important, organic compound in the body.
10. Nonessential amino acids are so named because they (are not necessary for normal body function)(can be
manufactured by the body).
11. Proteins consist of (electrolytes)(amino acids) linked together by peptide bonds.
12. Unsaturated fatty acids are derived mostly from (animal)(plant) sources.
13. A protein’s function is determined by (the number of amino acids it contains)(its shape).

List for Learning: Lipids

List five major roles that lipids fulfill in the body.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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 Make a Connection: Proteins

Unscramble the words below to reveal the names of some of the body’s proteins. Then draw a line
linking each of the proteins to its function.

1.TEARINK a. Defend the body against bacteria

b. Carries oxygen in the blood

2.BIASEDINTO c. Strengthens nails, hair, and skin
d. Gives structure to bones, cartilage, and teeth
3.NILISNU e. Serves as a chemical messenger to cells throughout
the body

f. Act as catalysts for crucial chemical reactions

4.NIMBLEGOHO

5.CLEANLOG

6.SNEZEMY

List for Learning: Cholesterol

List four key roles cholesterol fulfills in the body.

1.
2.
3.
4.
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 Fill in the Gaps: Glucose and Glycogen

Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph to clarify how the body uses its prime energy source.
Choose from the words listed in the Word Bank below. (Hint: Some words are used multiple times.)

GLUCOSE GLYCOGEN LIVER MUSCLES

When blood (1) levels are high (such as after eating), the (2)

converts excess (3) into (4) , which it then stores. When blood

(5) levels drop (such as between meals), the (6) converts

(7) back into (8) and releases it into the blood. This keeps blood

(9) levels within normal limits and provides cells with a constant supply of energy. The

(10) also store (11) to meet its energy needs during physical exercise.

Describe the Process: ATP

Cells use energy in the form of ATP. Test your understanding of how the body’s cells obtain and then
restore their supply of energy by describing the process in the spaces provided. Use the illustrations as a
guide. To get you started, the first part of each sentence is provided for each illustration.

P P P

1. ATP consists of
.
20 Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life
 Energy

P P P

2. When one of the bonds is broken through a chemical reaction,

.

P P P

3. After the bond is broken,

.

Energy

P P P

4. Meanwhile, the cell uses

.

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