Disciplines and Ideas in

Social Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 6:

Supplementary Learning Module

for Senior High School Learners
Disciplines and Ideas in Social Sciences - Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Supplementary Learning Module for SHS Learners

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Benhur P. Doronila, Lord Ivan A. Pancho
Editors: Alfredith D. Fuentebilla
Reviewer: Paulo E. Cabatac
Illustrator: Albert M. Cabrera
Layout Artist: Jay Blas B. Mopra
Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma Mylene D. Lopez
Elena P. Gonzaga Paulo E. Cabatac
Donald T. Genine Jarrett Irvin C. Gayosa
Celestino S. Dalumpines IV Helen Grace S. Poderoso
Grace T. Nicavera Donna Belle S. Miguel

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VI

Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City
Telefax: (033) 336-2816, (033) 509-7653
E-mail Address: region6@deped.gov.ph
Disciplines and Ideas in
Social Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 6:

Supplementary Learning Module

for Senior High School Learners
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on (Supplementary Learning Module for Senior High School
Learners!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Supplementary Learning Module for Senior High School
Learners)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

ii
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

iii
 Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning

iv
 What I Need to Know

The previous module introduced us to the basics of the theories of Structural

Functionalism, Marxism and Symbolic Interactionalism. These theories both
believe that we are born into a society that has existing rules and patterns of
behaviour that shape how we behave and live our lives. In essence, we have to
learn how to join in properly through the process of socialization.

However, these theories, though very similar, has also three different core
principles – unity, conflict and symbols. How are these core principles applied in
our community? How those principles affect and renew our society in general? How
these principles affect the political, socio-cultural and economic conditions of the
society? These questions will be later answered by this module.

Further, after going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Determine how Structural Functionalism, Marxism and Symbolic

Interactionalism are applied in socio-cultural, economic and political
aspects.

2. Give concrete examples of the application of the said theories in the

present situation in your community; and

3. Acknowledge the existence and contribution of the said theories in

shaping one’s society by means of creative output.

1
 What I Know

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Major Social Science theory have different perspectives. Which among the
theories focus on the competition of scarce resources and how the elite control
the poor and weak?
a. Marxism
b. Structural-functionalism
c. Feminism
d. Symbolic Interactionism

2. This sociological theory focused on the use of symbols and face-to-face

interactions.
a. Marxism
b. Structural-functionalism
c. Feminism
d. Symbolic Interactionism

3. Social processes that have undesirable consequences for the operation of

society are called _____________.
a. dysfunctions
b. malfunction
c. functional
d. non-functional
4. Emile Durkheim’s undertakings on sociology scholastic order was focused on:
a. evolution of major social institutions
b. influence of social forces on people’s behavior
c. all-encompassing synthesis of the major sociological theories
d. understanding of sociological principles could be used to solve social
problems

5. The ______________ owns and controls the means of production, which leads
to exploitation due to the profit motive.
a. Bourgeoisie
c. Noblemen
b. Government
d. Proletariat

2
Lesson Sociocultural, Economic and Political
6 Applications of Social Science Theories I

In the study of Social Sciences, theories are made as an application of the events in
sociocultural, economic and political aspects. In this module, we will learn and
apply the basics of Structural Functionalism, Marxism and Symbolic
Interactionalism specifically in our present situation and real-life experiences.

What’s In

Task I. Situation Analysis

As a short review, identify the theory each situation describes. Write SF on your
answer sheet if it describes Structural Functionalism, M for Marxism and SI for
Symbolic Interactionalism.

_____ 1. Roberto and Monica are both leaders. They join together in planning for the
good of their community in general.
_____ 2. John is a statesman. He rejected the ideas of his colleagues in the
Congress and maintained his own stand against the proposal of the majority.
_____ 3. Jack bought fruits in the market. He was shocked after knowing that there
were many buyers and the price of the fruits increased.
_____ 4. Mario is on the road to his office. He stopped after the enforcer raise his
open hands on his position.
_____ 5. After achieving the main goal of the feeding program, Annie and colleagues
are positive in conducting another program again.
_____ 6. Many Filipinos reacted after the post of a foreign national depicting
Philippines as the epicenter of COVID-19 in the whole Asia.
_____ 7. The Twin Towers blast in the US was an eye opener to the world to resolve
the issue to stop terrorism.
_____ 8. Hacienderos wanted their people to live in their land, in exchange with
their loyalty to work with them.
_____ 9. Modules are now popular among students in this time of COVID-19
pandemic.
_____ 10. One of the tasks of the state is to provide basic goods and services in the
country, especially in this trying times.

3
 What’s New

Task II. Song Analysis

Do you like to sing any song? The song “Tatsulok” by Bamboo (originally by Buklod
and remake by him) is suited to apply the theories being discussed.

Watch and/or download the song in the said link, understand the lyrics then
answer the questions that follow:

Bamboo – Tatsulok (Official Lyric)

https://youtu.be/CPj8pcUwOts

The Official Lyric Video “Tatsulok” - Bamboo

Stream / Download: https://backl.ink/202793

Part of lyrics are as follows:

"Tatsulok"
(originally by Buklod)

Totoy bilisan mo, bilisan mo ang takbo Ng di matapos-tapos na kaguluhang ito

Ilagan ang mga bombang nakatutok sa ulo
mo Hindi pula't dilaw tunay na magkalaban
Totoy tumalon ka, dumapa kung kailangan Ang kulay at tatak ay di syang dahilan
At baka tamaan pa ng mga balang ligaw Hangga't marami ang lugmok sa
kahirapan
Totoy makinig ka, wag kang magpa-gabi At ang hustisya ay para lang sa mayaman
Baka mapagkamalan ka't humandusay
dyan sa tabi Habang may tatsulok at sila ang nasa
Totoy alam mo ba kung ano ang puno't tuktok
dulo Di matatapos itong gulo

After singing the song with the lyrics, answer the said questions in your answer
sheet:

A. Among the three theories being discussed, what theory was conveyed most by
the song?
B. How can Structural Functionalism resolve the issue?
C. What are the symbols used in the song? Draw the symbol below and fill up the
necessary characters and their placement in the said symbol.
D. After your drawing in item C, how does Marxism affect the community
nowadays in terms of political, economic and sociocultural aspects as depicted
by the song?

4
 What is It

MAJOR SOCIAL SCIENCE THEORIES APPLICATION AND

IMPORTANCE
COVID-19 crisis has brought challenges to the lives of every Filipino people. Most of
us are trying to adjust our way of life in the new normal and continue with our
daily routines despite the hardships in this pandemic. The public were advised to
follow protocols such as social distancing, use of alcohol and continue the
handwashing activity to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. In order to adjust in
this situation, people depend much on the technology particularly computers,
cellphones, and other modern gadgets to communicate and have fun. Technology,
in particular creates changes, specifically on the values and norms of the people in
our society. People tend to spend much of their time online using different social
media platforms. Through this, they are doing the usual task and transactions
online, not only for communication and information purposes but also for
business, education, and work-related activities.

These present situations become one of the biggest problems not only in the
country but in the whole world. Through the help of the major Social Science
theories, one can explain the existing problems in our society through application
of the knowledge.

THE APPLICATION AND IMPORTANCE OF THE MAJOR

SOCIAL SCIENCE THEORIES
The major theoretical perspectives were already discussed in the previous module
namely: (1) Structural-functionalism; (2) Marxism, and (3) Symbolic Interactionism.
Each theory utilizes different ideas and gives idea on how society impacts
individuals.

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONALISM
The Structural-functionalism perspective of society is a structure with interrelated
parts intended to meet the gradual and social needs of the people in the society.
Hebert Spencer (1820–1903) claimed that various parts must work together to keep
society functioning. These parts of society were social institutions such as
government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and the economy.

Émile Durkheim (1858-1917) assumed that society was composed of interdependent

and interconnected parts that were put together to keep instability held collectively
by shared social construct which served to regulate social life such as laws, morals,
values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, and rituals.

2
 Socio-Cultural - Explanations of social phenomena had therefore to be
constructed within this level, individuals being merely transient occupants of
comparatively stable social roles. In this view, Comte was followed by Émile
Durkheim. A central concern for Durkheim was the question of how certain
societies maintain internal stability and survive over time. He proposed that
such societies tend to be segmented, with equivalent parts held together by
shared values, common symbols or (as his nephew Marcel Mauss held), systems
of exchanges. Durkheim used the term "mechanical solidarity" to refer to these
types of "social bonds, based on common sentiments and shared moral values,
that are strong among members of pre-industrial societies". In modern, complex
societies, members perform very different tasks, resulting in a strong
interdependence. Based on the metaphor above of an organism in which many
parts function together to sustain the whole, Durkheim argued that complex
societies are held together by "solidarity", i.e. "social bonds, based on
specialization and interdependence, that are strong among members of
industrial societies". Social realities are the laws, ethics, values, strict
convictions, customs, designs, ceremonies, and the entirety of the social
principles that oversee public activity. Every one of these social realities serves
at least one capacity inside the general public.

Example: The example of socio-cultural aspect of examining society through

Structural-functionalism is the situation when the poor individual or families had
been provided by the Philippine Government through the Social Amelioration
Program or SAP. The said financial support was utilized by the DSWD with the
help of Local Government Unit. This issue considered one of the biggest issues
because of the corruption-related cases.
The government wanted to help the poor through giving financial aid but because
of personal interest the said program did not meet its goal which is to help the
poor. The latent functions arise upon the situations, the government investigated
the cases and call up the attention of barangay officials who committed unlawful
actions. With all the issues related to SAP distributions resulted to dysfunction in
the society.

 Economic – According to Emile Durkheim "The totality of beliefs and

sentiments common to the average members of a society forms a determinate
system with a life of its own. It can be termed the collective or creative
consciousness." The Division of Labour (1893). Work and the economy serve
several functions for society. The economy makes society possible by providing
the goods and services it needs. Work gives people an income and also provides
them some self-fulfillment and part of their identity. The economy’s major
function is also an absolutely essential function: the provision of goods and
services. Because the economy provides the goods and services that any society
needs, the economy makes a society possible. However, a dysfunction might
happen when some institutions fail to adapt quickly enough to fluctuating
social conditions. Normally, the marketplace goes segments of a shortage of
products and services that will increase prices that may lead to inflation,
wherein you can buy less with your money.

3
 Example: As the Philippine government announce the spread of COVID-19 in the
Philippines people experience the panic buying of goods and healthcare product.
This implies the example of economic aspect examining society through Structural
Functionalism. The spread of coronavirus determined a high demand of the
products such as volumes of medical supply, specifically facemask and alcohol
disinfectant. People were driven to buy goods and that led to a price inflation
because of low supply of the needed goods. This happened because some
institutions failed to adapt quickly enough to the changing social conditions which
can have economic implications.

 Political - According to functionalism, the government has four main

purposes: (1) planning and directing society; (2) meeting social needs; (3)
maintaining law and order; and (4) managing international relations.
Functionalism viewed government as a system to impose norms and control
conflict. Functionalists understand active collective change and seek consensus
and order in society. Dysfunction creates social problems that lead to social
change. For instance, functionalists would see political regulations as a way of
keeping people connected to the democratic process.

Example: Political aspect of examining society through Structural functionalism is

when President Rodrigo Roa Duterte signed the Anti-Terror Law. President Roa
received many criticisms among tits constituents but the government believed that
they acted upon their function and purpose such as planning and directing
society. This shows the functionalism view of government and politics as a way to
enforce the law for the safety of everyone.

MARXISM
Marxism is an economic and social system based upon the political and economic
theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. While it would take veritably volumes to
explain the full implications and ramifications of the Marxist social and economic
ideology, Marxism is summed up in the Encarta Reference Library as “a theory in
which class struggle is a central element in the analysis of social change in Western
societies.” Marxism is the antithesis of capitalism which is defined by Encarta as
“an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production
and distribution of goods, characterized by a free competitive market and
motivation by profit.” Marxism is the system of socialism of which the dominant
feature is public ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange.
Concentrating on the social and economic relations in which people earn their
livings, Marx saw behind capitalism's legal facade a struggle of two main classes:
the BOURGEOISIE, who own the productive resources, and the workers, or
PROLETARIAT, who must work for wages in order to survive. Marx did recognize
the existence of two other classes, the Petty Bourgeoisie and the Lumpen
Proletariat, he argued that these two classes would disappear over time.

4
 Socio-Cultural – Marx also wrote that work in a capitalist society is inherently
alienating. This is so, he said, because workers do not design the products they
build, because factory work (which was the dominant mode of production in
Marx’s time) involves boring and repetitive tasks, and because workers are
treated by their employers as mere commodities to be hired and fired at will.
Reflecting Marx’s views, conflict theory today also points to the alienating
nature of work. Karl Marx believed that social structure, rather than individual
personality characteristics is the cause of many social problems such as poverty
and crime. Conflict Theory explores the struggle between those in power and
those who are not in power within society. Thus, cultural wars are common in
society, whether in a way or controversy over a deity or ownership and rights
over Holy Land.

Example: Philippine government released the implementing guidelines of the SAP

subsidy for the COVID-19 pandemic. This implies an example of socio-cultural
aspect of examining society. This is between the middle class and the poor in
which government prioritize the Filipino people who are considered poorest of the
poor which includes the member of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program for
financial aid. With this program, middle class exclaimed about the distribution of
SAP since they are claiming that they also pay taxes in the country.

While the families belong to the middle class were exempted, since they were still
earning even in pandemic. With these, some members of the middle. This
situation shows the social structure as inherently unequal resulting from the
differences in social class, education, income, and other social factors. Culture
reinforces issues of "privilege” groups and their status in social categories.

 Economic - Smith and Ricardo used the labor theory of value to explain the
Cost of commodities. For them, the value of any commodity is the result of the
amount of labor time that went into its production. Marx took this explanation
more or less for granted. His labor theory of value, however, is primarily
concerned with the more basic problem of why goods have prices of any kind.
Only in capitalism does the distribution of what is produced take place through
the medium of markets and prices. In slave society, the slave owner takes by
force what his slaves produce, returning to them only what he wishes. While in
feudalism, the lord claims as a feudal right some part of what is produced by
his serfs, with the serfs consuming the rest of their output directly. In both
societies, most of what is produced cannot be bought or sold, and therefore,
does not have any price. Viewed as a claim that labor is the only factor in
determining prices (equated here with "value"), the labor theory of value has
been wrongly attacked for ignoring the effect of competition on prices. And
viewing what are projections of capitalism's tendencies into the future as
inviolable predictions, Marx has been accused of making false predictions.

5
 Example: Rice Tariffication Law which negatively affects the Filipino farmers is
an example of economic aspect of examining society through Marxism. Since this
allows cheaper foreign rice imports without restrictions and competes with the
production of local rice. The government should make a necessary intervention on
economic decision that should be carefully made and accomplish by the state to
ensure that it is beneficial to all.

 Political - Control of the economy enables the economic elite to maintain their
position at the top of society and to keep those at the bottom in their place.
Work is often alienating, and the workplace is often a site for sexual harassment
and other problems. Mills believed the power elite use government to develop
social policies that allow them to keep their wealth. In the present time, the
power elite may be seen as some oligarchs who hold on big corporations and
dynasties that handle an exclusive position in the state and control the society.

Example: Marx’s concepts of politics coined as the power elite to describe his
thoughts on what he saw in the society wherein the small group of powerful
people controls much of society. An example of political aspect of examining
society through Marxism is the clash between President Duterte and Vice
President Robredo. This conflict between the two political ideologies is evident in
social media.

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
Symbolic interactionism is a theoretical approach to understanding the
relationship between humans and society. The basic notion of symbolic
interactionism is that human action and interaction are understandable only
through the exchange of meaningful communication or symbols. In this approach,
humans are portrayed as acting, as opposed to being acted upon. The main
principles of symbolic interactionism are:

• Human beings act toward things on the basis of the meanings that things
have for them
• These meanings arise out of social interaction
• Social action results from a fitting together of individual lines of action

George Herbert Mead described self as “taking the role of the other,” the premise
for which the self is actualized. Through interaction with others, we begin to
develop an identity about who we are, as well as empathy for others. This is the
notion of, “Do unto others, as you would have them do unto you.” In respect to
this, Cooley said, “The thing that moves us to pride or shame is not the mere
mechanical reflection of ourselves, but an imputed sentiment, the imagined effect
of this reflection upon another’s mind.”

6
 It should be noted that symbolic interactionists advocate a particular
methodology. Because they see meaning as the fundamental component of the
interaction of human and society, studying human and social interaction requires
an understanding of that meaning. Symbolic interactionists tend to employ more
qualitative, rather than quantitative, methods in their research. The most
significant limitation of the symbolic interactionist perspective relates to its primary
contribution: it overlooks macro-social structures (e.g., norms, culture) as a result
of focusing on micro-level interactions. Some symbolic interactionists, however,
would counter that the incorporation of role theory into symbolic interactionism
addresses this criticism.

This perspective is also rooted in phenomenological thought. According to symbolic

interactionism, the objective world has no reality for humans; only subjectively
defined objects have meaning. There is no single objective “reality”; there are only
(possibly multiple, possibly conflicting) interpretations of a situation. Meanings are
not entities that are bestowed on humans and learned by habituation; instead,
meanings can be altered through the creative capabilities of humans, and
individuals may influence the many meanings that form their society. Human
society, therefore, is a social product.

 Socio-Cultural - Symbolic interaction perspective, also known as

interactionist perspective. Unlike functional and conflict perspective,
interactionist perspective focus on; micro level analysis of society. In fact,
interactionist is interested in the very basic and building block of society, “social
interaction”. Social interaction; is sociological term, used for the situation;
where two or more than two individuals, laugh, talk, walk, play, fight, hate, love
and work with one another. Social scientist who follow symbolic interaction
perspective assume that, each individual understands their surroundings and
situations by symbols. Moreover, symbols are learned from social interaction.
Let’s take a general example; in every society basic way of communication is
language, different languages are spoken in different part of world, according to
interactionists, language is a symbol through which we send, receive and
interpret the message. Ethnomethodology, a branch of symbolic interactionism,
studies how human interactions can make the impression of collective social
order despite the absence of common understanding and the existence of
opposing perspectives. Studies that utilize the symbolic interactionism
perspective are bound to utilize subjective examination techniques. Social
scientists who apply symbolic interactionism search for examples of
communication between people. Their examinations regularly include the
perception of one-on-one connections.

7
 Example: An example of Symbolic Interactionism under the aspect in examining
society is in this time of COVID-19 Pandemic, most of the Filipinos are using social
media applications like uploading videos of different moves on TikTok and
Facebook as a platform to show their gestures and symbols of love and support to
the frontliners. Just like the Frontliners Dance Challenge, the dance moves have
specific message and meaning which been popular way of showing message of
love and care for the frontliners.

 Economic - One important symbolic interactionist concept related to work and

the economy is career inheritance. This concept means simply that children
tend to enter the same or similar occupation as their parents, which is a
correlation that has been demonstrated in research studies (Antony 1998). The
meaning of this concept is that a child me have the same job as their parents.
They may have shown a career path for his/her child to follow. They may find
their parent’s career interesting and suitable for them. Career exposure is
learning the standards and ideals of a specific career.

Example: The children of police officers learn the norms and values that will help
them succeed in law enforcement, and since they have a model career path to
follow, they may find law enforcement even more attractive. Related to career
inheritance is career socialization learning the norms and values of a particular
job.

Another example of economic aspect of examining society through Symbolic

Interactionism is a situation when a child of the businessman/ businesswoman
may learn the standards and ideals that will help him/her succeed in business
and since the parents’ model a career path to follow. The child may find business
interesting and a money-making opportunity for him/her.

 Political – Symbolic interactionism, as it pertains to government, focuses its

attention on figures, emblems, or individuals that represent power and
authority. Symbolic interactionists are not interested in large structures such
as the government. As micro-sociologists, they are more interested in the face-
to-face aspects of politics. In reality, much of politics consists of face-to-face
backroom meetings and lobbyist efforts. The figures that embody the power and
authority. This theory does not deal with large organizations like the
government.

An example of political aspect of examining society through Symbolic

Interactionism is the Seal of the Philippine President, which a symbol that
signifies the history and dignity of the president. The seal is composed of the coat
of arms of the president. Some symbols in the arms are derived from the
Philippine national flag and there is a sea lion in the middle part of the seal.

8
 What’s More

Picture Analysis
1. Below are pictures/ graphics that describes how our society addressed in
trying times of COVID-19 Pandemic. Analyze the pictures below and explain
how the three major Social Science theories can be applied in each situation.
a. Structural Functionalism
b. Marxism
c. Symbolic Interactionalism
2. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

http://metronewscentral.net/in-and- https://search.creativecommons.org/s https://www.straitstimes.com/world/duterte-places-

around-the-metro/dswd-to-improve- earch?q=COVID%20Checkpoint metro-manila-under-lockdown-to-contain-viral-
spread
sap-3-distribution

What I Have Learned

Reflect:
Are the theories being presented also present in your local community as well? How
can you prove that it is visible and applied in your place?

9
 What I Can Do

Which is Which?
Below are three different responses on this year’s pandemic. Read each situation
and identify what theory was the main character apply in order to minimize the
spread of pandemic and identify whether it is political, economic or sociocultural.

Follow the said format to answer:

SITUATION 1 – Marxism, Economic

Situation 1
Maria and colleagues talked via Zoom and expressed their gratitude to the frontliners
and other employees whose main roles are minimizing the spread of virus. For their
response, they conducted a poster making contest with frontliners as superheroes.
Their “FoodHub” project is supplying delicious foods and fruits (F2F) to the frontliners
on duty. Moreover, their “Spread the Love and Care”, led by group of performers who
perform on stage and raise awareness to the public of the love and care frontliners
share to the community.

Situation 2
Mimi and Karen lead their respective organizations at Masigla National High School.
Although Mimi and Karen are close friends, they have different views in responding
to new normal school system. While Mimi is in favor with blended learning, Karen
only stands for printed modular because it is the easiest way to distribute learning
materials, although it poses a danger because there is face to face interaction
between teachers and parents. While Mimi only agrees on the minimum protocols,
Karen suggested to require parents to have face shields in going to school. They are
now the two faces of leadership in the school.

Situation 3
Facemasks became a necessity after the government declared COVID-19 as
pandemic in the nation. Companies needs to hasten in making facemasks, along with
other hygiene products. Shortages in the said product are widespread that even
drugstores cannot sustain the supply. The surge for price is very high, added by the
limited number of items made available to the customers.

10
 Assessment

Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read the following situations and answer the questions that
follow.

Carmina is a graphic designer by profession. She was tasked to make a logo for the
City of Madinalag-on. She thought of the uniqueness of the city and the people’s
joyful attitude. For this, she incorporated a sugarcane representing the city’s main
source of income. The city’s emblem and coat of arts also contain the same design.
Aside from the said feature, the colors of the logo are based on the current mayor’s
political colors, yellow and green. Lastly, the logo bares the circular shape,
representing the city’s bind for unity.

1. What does the sugarcane represent?

A. the tallest grass in the world
B. the political campaign advertisement of the city mayor
C. the main economy of the city
D. the major occupation of the people

2. The colors of the logo, on the other hand, represents the official colors of the city
mayor. What does the usage of the colors represent?
A. the power of the city mayor over the constituents
B. the economic stability of the city
C. the dominance of the political party of the city mayor
D. the influence of the colors to the city

3. Carmina’s work deals more with signs and graphics. This best suit the theory
of?
A. Structural Functionalism C. Psychoanalysis
B. Symbolic Interactionalism D. Marxism

Conflict always arises between the administration (the present and incumbent
government) and the opposition (those who are the opposing party or
officials/minority). Sometimes, conflict is beneficial in order to check the processes
made by the government. However, this seems to be normal with the rest of the
governments around the world. People are always in between these two government
powers, and their common good is at stake.

4. What is the main topic of the situation?

A. Unity C. Symbols
B. Conflict D. Government

5. Conflict is beneficial to the government. What does this imply?

A. The opposition counterchecks the government’s decisions.
B. The opposition always go against the government, making it better.
C. The conflict will be resolved and unity will be achieved.
D. Conflicts are necessary so that change in leadership takes place.

11
6. What theory does the above situation represent?
A. Structural Functionalism C. Psychoanalysis
B. Symbolic Interactionalism D. Marxism

COVID-19 poses a very challenging situation. Every department and sector

responded according to what they can do to mitigate the spread of the virus. The
medical frontliners lead the entire nation in facing COVID-19 by accepting, assisting
and treating those who are infected. The military and police personnel maintain the
peace and security in their respective assigned places. Government officials had been
assisting the poor by providing their needs. Everybody stayed at home and follow the
orders of those in authority, until such time that the pandemic is over.

7. What theory best suits the situation above?

A. Structural Functionalism C. Psychoanalysis
B. Symbolic Interactionalism D. Marxism

8. Which of the following sectors responded in accordance to mitigating the spread

of COVID-19?
A. Medical frontliners C. Government officials
B. Military and police personnel D. All choices mentioned

9. Marlon is a resident of a certain barangay with high number of COVID cases.

Following the principle of structural functionalism, what can he do to mitigate
the spread of disease?
A. To offer medical services to the poor.
B. To stay home and follow advice from authorities.
C. To be in the checkpoint and limit the enter of non-residents
D. To offer psychosocial first aid to those who are traumatized.

10. Josefa wears her ID always. Where ever she go, she had her ID, which bears her
name and her being a government employee. She makes sure she had it worn
as often as she can. The ID, representing her identity, is an application of what
principle?
A. Structural Functionalism C. Psychoanalysis
B. Symbolic Interactionalism D. Marxism

TEST 2. NOW IT’S YOU!

In three to five sentences, give a situation regarding COVID response initiatives

within your community and identify which among the three theories does the
response represents. Rubric are as follows:

Criterion Points
A. The situation is connected to COVID-19 response 5 pts.
B. The situation portrays at least 1 to 2 theories 5 pts.
C. The paragraph follow the descriptions being asked for 5 pts.

12
 Additional Activities

A POEM OF THREE THEORIES!

Write a poem of three (3) stanzas. Each stanza contains how each theory was being
applied in sociocultural, economic and political aspects in your community.
Rubrics are as follows:

4 3 2 1
Focus and The stanza of each The stanza of each The stanza of each The poem is not
Ideas poem is about one poem is almost about poem is about more complete. The ideas
(4 points) theory. All of the one theory. Most of than one theory. are not supported
ideas are supported the ideas are Some of the ideas are with details.
with strong details supported with strong supported with
details. details.
Voice The poem sounds Most of the poem Some of the poem The poem does not
(3 points) like how the writer sounds like how the sounds like how the sound like how the
thinks and talks writer thinks and writer thinks and writer thinks and
talks. talks. talks.
Word The poem includes The poem includes The poem includes The poem includes
Choice and vivid verbs, strong some vivid verbs, mostly simple nouns only simple nouns
Sentence adjectives and strong adjectives and and verbs, and may and verbs, and some
Fluency specific nouns. The specific nouns. The have some adjectives. of them are incorrect.
(3 points) writing uses different writing uses different The writing uses The writing uses all of
kinds of complete kinds of sentences. many of the same the same kinds of
sentences that flow They are mostly kinds of sentences. sentences. Many
together. complete. Some sentences are sentences are not
not complete. complete.
Spelling No spelling, Has 1 to 2 spelling, Has 3 to 5 spelling, Has more than 5
and punctuation and punctuation and punctuation and spelling, punctuation
Grammar grammar errors. grammar errors. grammar errors. and grammar errors.
(3 points)
Punctuality Submitted on or Submitted a day after Submitted 2 to 3 days Submitted more than
(2 points) before the deadline. the deadline. after the deadline. 3 days after the
deadline.

Glossary
The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:
1. SOCIOCULTURAL – combining social and cultural features

2. ECONOMIC – connected with the trade, industry and development of

wealth of a country, an area or a society.

3. POLITICAL – Connected with the state, government or public affairs.

13
References:

Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross et. al. Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences.
Quezon, City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2016.

DepEd Philippines, Curriculum Guide, Disciplines and Ideas in Social

Science, K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum, 2016

DeRosso, Deb. "The Structural-Functional Theoretical Approach". Wisc-

Online OER. Retrieved 2012-09-20

Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Science. UAE: 3G ELearning, 2017

Ollman, Bertell. Alienation: Marx's Conception of Man in Capitalist Society,

1976.

Rice, Keith. "Structural Functionalism". Archived from the original on 22

February 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2012.

S., Fish, Jonathan. Defending the Durkheimian Tradition: Religion, Emotion,

and Morality. Alershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2005.

“Sociological Perspectives on Work and the Economy”, In book A Primer on

Social Problems. https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/a-primer-on-
social-problems/s04-02-sociological-perspectives-on-s.html Retrieved Oct 7,
2020

‘Structural Functionalism’ (2021). Wikimili.

https://wikimili.com/en/Structural_functionalism Accessed December 20,
2020.

Tatel, Carlos P. Jr. Disciplines and Ideas in Social Sciences. Sampaloc,

Manila: Rex Bookstore, 2016

“Tatsulok”, Composed by Rom Dongeto (1989). Performed by Buklod (1991)

Popularized by Bambo under 3rd Album We Stand Alone (2007)
https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/bamboo/tatsulok.html, Retrieved Oct 7,
2020

Tatsulok (Official Lyric)-Bamboo, YouTube Video 4:14 min.

https://youtu.be/CPj8pcUwOts, Retrieved Oct 7, 2020

14
 15
Assessment
What can I do
SITUATION 1 1. C 6. D
Symbolic 2. A 7. A
Interactionalism – 3. B 8. D
Sociocultural 4. B 9. B
5. A 10. B
SITUATION 2
What’s More Marxism – Political
1. Answers Vary SITUATION 3
2. Answers Vary Structural
3. Answers Vary Functionalism -
Economic
What I Know What's In What's New
1. SF 1. Marxism
1. A
2. B 2. M
2. To reach the gap
3. A 3. SF
between the rich and
4. B 4. SI
5. SF poor
5. A
6. M 3. Triangle:
7. SI
8. M Base –
9. SI poor/proletariat
10. SF
Tip – oligarchs/rich
4.Answers Vary
Answer Key
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph