JavaScript Cheat Sheet

Variables

Name Description

“var” keyword “var” is a keyword used to tell JavaScript to make a new variable.

“let” keyword An alternative to “var,” “let” is another keyword for creating variables in JavaScript.

“const” keyword “const” is similar to “let,” but declares a fixed variable.

Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Name Symbol Description

“Addition” operator + The “addition” operator adds numbers together.

“Subtraction” operator - The “subtraction” operator subtracts the right-hand value from the left-hand value.

“Multiplication” operator * The “multiplication” operator multiplies numbers together.

“Division” operator / The “division” operator divides the left-hand number by the right-hand number.

“Modulus” operator % The “modulus” operator returns a remainder after division.

Comparison Operators

Name Symbol Description

“Equality” operator == Compares if two values are equal, regardless of data type. For example, “5 == 5.0” would
return “true” even though the first value is an integer and the other is a floating-point
number (a numeric value with decimal places) with the same numeric value.

“Strict equality”
 === Compares if two values are equal, including the data type. For example, “5 === 5.0” would
operator return “false” because the first value is an integer and the other is a floating-point number,
which is a different data type.

“Inequality” operator != Checks if two values are not equal. It doesn’t matter what type of values they are.
For example, “5 != 10” would return “true” because 5 does not equal 10.

“Strict inequality”
 !== Checks if two values are not equal, including the data type. For example, “5 !== 5.0” would
operator return “true” because the first value is an integer and the other is a floating-point number,
which is a different data type.

“Greater than” operator > Checks if the left value is greater than the right value. For example, “10 > 5” returns “true.”

“Less than” operator < Checks if the left value is less than the right value. For example, “5 < 10” returns “true.”

“Greater than or equal
 >= Checks if the left value is greater than or equal to the right value. For example, “10 >= 5”
to” operator returns “true.”

“Less than or equal to”
 <= Checks if the left value is less than or equal to the right value. For example, “5 <= 10”
operator returns “true.”

Logical Operators

Name Symbol Description

“Logical AND”
 && The “logical AND” operator is used to combine two or more conditions. It returns “true” only
operator if all the conditions are true.

“Logical OR”
 || The “logical OR” operator is used to combine multiple conditions. And it returns “true” if at least
operator one of the conditions is true. If all conditions are false, the result will be “false.”

“Logical NOT”
 ! The “logical NOT” operator is used to reverse the logical state of a single condition. If a condition
operator is true, “!” makes it “false.” And if a condition is false, “!” makes it “true.”

Assignment Operators

Name Symbol Description

“Basic assignment” operator =

“Addition assignment”
 += This operator adds a value to the variable’s current value and assigns the result
operator to the variable.

“Subtraction assignment”
 -= This operator subtracts a value from the variable’s current value and assigns the result
operator to the variable.

“Multiplication assignment”
 *= This operator multiplies the variable’s current value by a specified value and assigns
operator the result to the variable.

“Division assignment”
 /= This operator divides the variable’s current value by a specified value and assigns
operator the result to the variable.

if-else statement

Name Description

“if-else” statement The “if-else” statement is a conditional statement that allows you to execute different blocks of code
based on a condition.

Loops

Name Description

“for” loop A “for” loop is a loop that specifies “do this a specific number of times”.

“while” loop A “while” loop is a loop that indicates “keep doing this as long as something is true”.

“do...while” loop A “do...while” loop works similarly to “for” and “while” loops, but it has different syntax.

“for...in” loop The “for...in” loop is used to iterate over the properties of an object (a data structure that holds

key-value pairs).

Functions

Name Description

“alert()” function This function displays a message in a pop-up dialog box in the browser. It’s often used for simple
notifications, error messages, or getting the user’s attention.

“prompt()” function This function displays a dialog box where the user can enter an input. The input is returned as a string.

“confirm()” function This function shows a confirmation dialog box with “OK” and “Cancel” buttons. It returns “true”
if the user clicks “OK” and “false” if they click “Cancel.”

“console.log()” function This function is used to output messages and data to the browser’s console.

“parseInt()” function This function extracts and returns an integer from a string.

“parseFloat()” function This function extracts and returns a floating-point number (a numeric value with decimal places).

Strings

Name Description

“toUpperCase()” method This method converts all characters in a string to uppercase.

“toLowerCase()” method This method converts all characters in a string to lowercase.

“concat()” method The “concat()” method is used to combine two or more strings and create a new string that contains
the merged text.

“match()” method The “match()” method is used to search a string for a specified pattern and return the matches as
an array (a data structure that holds a collection of values—like matched substrings or patterns).

“charAt()” method The “charAt()” method is used to retrieve the character at a specified index (position) within a string.

“replace()” method The “replace()” method is used to search for a specified substring (a part within
a string) and replace it with another substring.

“substr()” method The “substr()” method is used to extract a portion of a string, starting from a specified index
(position) and extending for a specified number of characters.

Events

Name Description

“onclick” event The “onclick” event executes a function or script when an HTML element (such as a button
or a link) is clicked by a user.

“onmouseover” event The “onmouseover” event occurs when a user moves the mouse pointer over an HTML element,
such as an image, a button, or a hyperlink.

“onkeyup” event The “onkeyup” is an event that occurs when a user releases a key on their keyboard after pressing it.

“onmouseout” event The “onmouseout” event occurs when a user moves the mouse pointer out of the area occupied
by an HTML element like an image, a button, or a hyperlink.

“onload” event The “onload” event executes a function or script when a webpage or a specific element within
the page (such as an image or a frame) has finished loading.

“onfocus” event The “onfocus” event triggers when an HTML element like an input field receives focus or becomes
the active element of a user’s input or interaction.

“onsubmit” event The “onsubmit” event triggers when a user submits an HTML form. Typically by clicking a “Submit”
button or pressing the “Enter” key within a form field.

Numbers & Math

Name Description

“Math.abs()” method This method returns the absolute value of a number, ensuring the result is positive.

“Math.round()” method This method rounds a number up to the nearest integer.

“Math.max()” method This method returns the largest value among the provided numbers or values.

“Math.min()” method The “Math.min()” method returns the smallest value among the provided numbers or values.

“Math.random()” Method This method generates a random floating-point number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).

“Math.pow()” Method This method calculates the value of a base raised to the power of an exponent.

“Math.sqrt()” Method This method computes the square root of a number.

“Number.isInteger()” Method This method checks whether a given value is an integer. It returns true
if the value is an integer and false if not.

Date objects

Name Description

“getDate()” method This method retrieves the current day of the month. The day is returned
as an integer, ranging from 1 to 31.

“getDay()” method This method retrieves the current day of the week. The day is returned as an
integer, with Sunday being 0, Monday being 1, and so on. Up to Saturday being 6.

“getMinutes()” method This method retrieves the minutes portion from the present date and time.

The minutes will be an integer value, ranging from 0 to 59.

“getFullYear()” method This method retrieves the current year. It’ll be a four-digit integer.

“setDate()” method This method sets the day of the month. By changing the day of the month value within
the “date” object.

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