STEAM

LEARNING

SYSTEMS ACTIVITY
PACKET

STEAM SYSTEMS

BB528-XD05UEN
 LEARNING ACTIVITY PACKET 5

STEAM SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION
The energy contained in steam is used in many ways both in industry and the private
sector. In this LAP, you will learn how a steam system works. You will also learn about
some of the different components that make up an efficient steam system.
You will learn basic start-up and shutdown procedures and component installations
for steam systems.

ITEMS NEEDED
Amatrol Supplied
950-SH1 Steam System Trainer

School Supplied
(2) Adjustable Crescent Wrenches
Leather gloves
Pipe Sealing Compound

FIRST EDITION, LAP 5, REV. A

Amatrol, AMNET, CIMSOFT, MCL, MINI-CIM, IST, ITC, VEST, and Technovate are trademarks or registered trademarks of Amatrol,
Inc. All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Copyright © 2012 by AMATROL, INC.
All rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
optical, mechanical, or magnetic, including but not limited to photographing, photocopying, recording or any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission of the copyright owner.
Amatrol,Inc., 2400 Centennial Blvd., Jeffersonville, IN 47130 USA, Ph 812-288-8285, FAX 812-283-1584 www.amatrol.com

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SEGMENT 1 STEAM SYSTEM OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

OBJECTIVE 1 Describe the operation of a steam distribution system
OBJECTIVE 2 Describe the layout of the steam piping system
OBJECTIVE 3 Describe three common end connections used when installing components in a steam piping
system
OBJECTIVE 4 Describe the six steps used to tighten a flange connection using bolt patterns
OBJECTIVE 5 Describe how to accommodate thermal expansion in a steam system
OBJECTIVE 6 Describe how to start up a steam system
OBJECTIVE 7 Describe how to shut down a steam system
SKILL 1 Start up a steam system
SKILL 2 Shut down a steam system

SEGMENT 2 OUTSIDE STEM AND YOKE (OS&Y) VALVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

OBJECTIVE 8 Describe the function of an OS&Y valve in a steam system
OBJECTIVE 9 Describe the operation of an OS&Y valve
OBJECTIVE 10 Explain how to determine the condition of an OS&Y valve
SKILL 3 Operate an OS&Y valve

SEGMENT 3 STRAINERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
OBJECTIVE 11 Describe the function of a strainer
OBJECTIVE 12 Describe the operation of a strainer
OBJECTIVE 13 Describe how to install a strainer
OBJECTIVE 14 Describe how to inspect a strainer
OBJECTIVE 15 Describe how to clean a strainer
SKILL 4 Inspect a strainer
OBJECTIVE 16 Describe how to perform preventive maintenance on a strainer

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 SEGMENT 1
STEAM SYSTEM OPERATION

OBJECTIVE 1 DESCRIBE THE OPERATION OF A STEAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

A steam distribution system links boilers and the equipment that actually uses
the steam. The steam is transported through pipes to any location in a facility where
the steam is needed. The steam distribution system uses a series of pipes, fittings,
valves and other steam components to control the distribution of steam through a
facility.
As the steam exits the boiler through a main pipe, other pipes start branching
off to carry the steam to where it is needed, at the correct temperature and pressure.

CONDENSATE STEAM PRESSURE

PRESSURE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE RELEASE GAUGE
GAUGE PIPING VALVE

COMPONENT COMPONENT
USING STEAM USING STEAM
CONDENSER
BOILER TRAP
TRAP TRAP

VENT PIPING
HEAT PIPING
SOURCE
PUMP

Figure 1. Steam Distribution System

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 OBJECTIVE 2 DESCRIBE THE LAYOUT OF THE STEAM PIPING SYSTEM

The main components of a steam distribution system are:

• Boiler
• Boiler Header
• Steam Main
• Branch Lines
• Various Components
• Mounting Hardware

Boiler
A boiler is a device for generating steam, as shown in figure 2. Boilers create
steam by pressurizing and heating water. Boilers consist of a compartment where
fuel is burned or electric heat is applied and a separate compartment where water
is evaporated into steam.

BOILER

Figure 2. Boiler

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 Boiler Header
A boiler header, as shown in figure 3, is a special type of steam main. It is
designed to receive steam from one or more boilers. A boiler header equalizes
the pressure of the steam between the boilers for distribution through the pipes
to components. The pipes leading from the boiler to the boiler header are usually
located on the top of the boiler.

BOILER #1

BOILER #2

TYPICAL
TAKEOFFS
TO SYSTEM

TRAP

HEADER

TRAP

Figure 3. Boiler Header

Steam Main
The steam main, as shown in figure 4, is the pipe that connects the boiler to the
boiler header. The steam travels through the steam main to the boiler header where
the steam pressure equalizes.

STEAM MAIN LINE

BOILER

HEADER

Figure 4. Steam Main Line

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 Branch Lines
Branch lines, as shown in figure 5, connect the header to the various compo-
nents that use the steam.

STEAM HEATING
RISER EQUIPMENT
(BRANCH LINE)
STEAM TRAP

MAIN BRANCH
STEAM MAIN LINE OTHER EQUIPMENT CONDENSATE
LINE RETURN LINE

HEADER VACUUM
TANK

FEEDWATER
VACUUM
LINE
PUMP

Figure 5. Branch Lines

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 Various Components
Components such as stop valves, header valves, steam traps, strainers, air vents,
pressure regulators, and others are used throughout a steam system, as shown in
figure 6. All of these components in a steam piping system help to transfer steam
through the system as efficiently as possible.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL STEAM SYSTEM

AIR VENT
STRAINER
STOP VALVE HEAT TRANSFER
FEED
WATER
CONTROL
EQUIPMENT
FEED SYSTEM
WATER BOILER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
TANK STEAM TRAP
PRESSURE
REDUCING
STATION
CHECK VALVE CONDENSATE
REMOVAL

CONDENSATE CONDENSATE
CONDENSATE RECOVERY
RECOVERY COLLECTION HEADER
PUMPED CONDENSATE PUMP FLASH STEAM MAY OCCUR
RETURN LINE
FLASH VESSEL

Figure 6. Various Components in a Typical Steam System

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 Mounting Hardware
Mounting hardware such as pipe hangers, slippers, pipe guides, and anchors
prevent pipes in a steam system from sagging. Mounting hardware also holds the
pipe so that it can be installed according to the design layout.
Steam system pipes heat up considerably during system start-up. The increase
in the pipes’ temperature causes the pipes to expand. Mounting hardware helps to
alleviate some of the stresses associated with the movement of the pipes during the
expansion process.

SLIPPER
PIPE HANGER (TYPE OF SUPPORT)
(TYPE OF SUPPORT)

WELD

ANCHOR
PIPE GUIDE

Figure 7. Pipe Supports, Guides and Anchors

NOTE
Only skilled professionals should design the use of anchors, guides and
supports into a piping system. Improper design could place stresses on the
equipment and the pipe and cause catastrophic failure of high-pressure systems.

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 OBJECTIVE 3 DESCRIBE THREE COMMON END CONNECTIONS USED WHEN
INSTALLING COMPONENTS IN A STEAM PIPING SYSTEM

Three common end connections used when installing components in steam

system components are:
• Threaded
• Flanged
• Union

Threaded
Threaded end connections require pipe to be threaded into the component, as
shown in figure 8, or the component to be threaded onto the pipe. If the component
is threaded onto the pipe, the component itself would have to be turned. With larger
components, this would require a large amount of room that is usually not available
between other pieces of equipment, pipes, or walls.

Figure 8. Threaded End Connections

Piping is usually laid out before the components are put into place. Adding
components to a new or existing piping system is easier if the threaded pipe and
component ends are fitted with flanges or unions. These two end connections allow
components to be removed and installed very quickly.

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 Flanged
Most steam piping system components that connect to pipes with diameters
of more than four inches will have flanged end connections, as shown in figure
9. However, pipes that have smaller diameters such as 1/2 inch (50 mm) and that
handle extremely high pressures usually also have flanged end connections. A
flanged end can either be manufactured into the component or assembled as an
add-on after manufacturing.

Figure 9. Flanged End Connection

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 A flanged connection can be constructed using threaded pipe and threaded
flanges. The threaded pipe should be connected to the component using pipe
sealing compound to ensure a tight, leak-free connection. The threaded flange
fitting is installed onto the other end of the segment of pipe threaded into the body
of the component, as shown in figure 10.

THREADS WITH
PIPE SEALING
COMPOUND

PIPE THREADED
FLANGE

Figure 10. Assembled Flanged End Connection

The flanges are aligned and joined together by running bolts through pre-
drilled bolt holes in the flanges. A flange gasket is used to form a seal between the
two flanges when the bolts are tightened. The number of bolt holes in the flanges
will vary according to the size and application of the piping. You should always
follow the manufacturer’s recommended bolt pattern, as shown in figure 11, when
tightening the bolts in a flanged connection.

1
8 5

4 3

6 7
2

FLANGE

Figure 11. Recommended Bolt Patterns

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 Union
Union end connections, as shown in figure 12, allow steam system components
to be quickly removed and installed. Unions also provide very secure connections
that seldom form leaks. Unions allow ends of pipes or pipes and components to be
joined together without turning the piping or components to engage the threads of
either.

Figure 12. Union End Connection

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 The union is formed by placing the union’s collar over one end of the pipe.
The threaded end of the collar should be oriented towards the threaded end of the
pipe, away from the component. With the union collar held in place, pipe sealing
compound is applied to the threads on the pipe.

Figure 13. Details in Union

The piece of the union that has only one end threaded is then threaded onto the
end of the pipe. The piece of the union that has two ends threaded is attached to the
other pipe after pipe sealing compound has been applied to the threads. To join the
component and the pipe or the two pipe ends together, the union collar is threaded
onto the end of the threaded union piece.
Most unions are made of bronze or zinc, two relatively soft metals. These types
of metals will compress and form into and around harder materials that are pressed
very tightly against it. This forms a very tight connection inside the union.

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 OBJECTIVE 4 DESCRIBE THE SIX STEPS USED TO TIGHTEN A FLANGE
CONNECTION USING BOLT PATTERNS

Bolts arranged in a circular pattern, such as a flange connections, must be

tightened using the correct procedure to create proper seal. The six steps to use are:
Step 1: Align Components - Align the two components and secure them with
clamps.

FLANGE

C-CLAMPS

Figure 14. Clamping Components Together

Step 2: Lubricate Fasteners - Lubricate the threads of the bolt or stud that
will engage the nut or threaded hole.
Step 3: Insert Fasteners - Insert the bolts through the bolts and tighten them
finger tight.
Step 4: Number Fasteners - Use a marker to number each bolt as based on
the bolt pattern. This will help you maintain the correct tightening
order. Notice that the patterns use a back-and-forth pattern (i.e. 0-180°,
90-270°, 45-225°, etc.).

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 Step 5: Tighten bolts to 50% of final torque value - Use the following
sequence patterns to tighten each bolt to 50% of its final torque value.
This will provide an even tightening around the connection.
Step 6: Tighten bolts to 100% of final torque value - Use the same sequence
to tighten the bolts to 100% of their final torque.

0°

4 270° 90° 3

180°
TIGHTENING
ORDER
1-2
3-4
2

Figure 15. 4-Bolt Tightening Sequence

8 5
0°

315° 45°

4 270° 90° 3

225° 135° TIGHTENING

ORDER
180°
6 7 1-2
3-4
5-6
2 7-8

Figure 16. 8-Bolt Tightening Sequence

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 1
12 5

0°
330° 30°
8 9
60°
300°

4 270° 90° 3
TIGHTENING
240° 120° SEQUENCE
1-2
10 210° 150° 7 3-4
180° 5-6
7-8
6 11 9-10
2 11-12

Figure 17. 12-Bolt Tightening Sequence

1
16 9
8 5
0°
337.5° 22.5°
315° 45°
12 13
292.5° 67.5°
TIGHTENING
4 270° 90° 3 SEQUENCE
1-2
247.5° 112.5° 3-4
14 11 5-6
225° 135° 7-8
202.5°
180°
157.5° 9-10
6 7 11-12
13-14
10 15 15-16
2

Figure 18. 16-Bolt Tightening Sequence

1
12 13
20 5
342° 0° 18°
8 324° 36°
17
306° 54°
16 9 TIGHTENING
288° 72° SEQUENCE
1-2
4 270° 90° 3
3-4
252° 108° 5-6
10 15 7-8
234° 126°
9-10
18 216° 144° 7 11-12
198° 162° 13-14
180°
6 19 15-16
14 11 17-18
2 19-20

Figure 19. 20-Bolt Tightening Sequence

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 24 1 9
16 17
8 345° 0° 15° 5
330° 30°
20 315° 45° 13 TIGHTENING
300° SEQUENCE
60°
12 1-2
285° 75° 21
3-4
4 270° 90° 3 5-6
7-8
255° 105°
11 9-10
22
240° 120° 11-12
14 225° 19 13-14
135°
210° 150° 15-16
6 195° 180° 165° 7 17-18
15 19-20
18 21-22
10 2 23
23-24

Figure 20. 24-Bolt Tightening Sequence

32 1 17 TIGHTENING
16 9 SEQUENCE
24 25 1-2
8 5 3-4
28 21 5-6
12 13 7-8
9-10
20 29 11-12
4 3 13-14
15-16
30 19 17-18
14 11 19-20
21-22
22 27 23-24
6 7 25-26
26 23 27-28
10
18 2 31 15 29-30
31-32

Figure 21. 32-Bolt Tightening Sequence

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 OBJECTIVE 5 DESCRIBE HOW TO ACCOMMODATE THERMAL EXPANSION IN A
STEAM SYSTEM

All steam piping systems must be designed to accommodate expansion and

contraction associated with the heating and cooling of the pipes.
As a metal pipe is heated, it expands based on the properties of the metal and
the temperature to which the steam heats the pipe. Forces due to thermal expansion
can easily exceed allowable pipe stresses depending on the change in temperature
and material of the piping system. Expansion joints also reduce the effects of water
hammer. This expansion and contraction is compensated for by using:
• Pipe Bends
• Expansion Joints
• Expansion Horseshoe and Expansion Loop
• Bellows

Pipe Bends
Pipe bends, as shown in figure 22, require little or no maintenance compared
to expansion or swing joints and are used more often. The spring-like geometry
of a pipe bend allows movement in the bend similar to the movement of the spiral
bends in a spring. As the pipes in the system expand, the pipe bend will compress
like a spring compresses when both ends are pushed together. When the system
cools, the pipe bend retains its original shape like a spring does when the ends are
released.

RISER

ANCHOR

Figure 22. Pipe Bends

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 Expansion Joints
Expansion joints, as shown in figure 23, also accommodate thermal movement
in piping systems. The two sides of the expansion joint slide toward each other
when the pipes in the system expand. As the pipes cool, the two sides of the expan-
sion joint slide back to their original position prior to system expansion.

EXPANSION JOINT

Figure 23. Expansion Joint

Expansion Horseshoes and Expansion Loops

Expansion horseshoes and expansion loops, as shown in figure 24, are also
designed to absorb changes due to thermal expansion and forces due to water
hammer. The bend in the horseshoe and the loop in the expansion loops bend to
allow the steam system pipes to expand and contract.

EXPANSION HORSESHOE EXPANSION LOOP

Figure 24. Expansion Horseshoe and Expansion

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 Bellows
Bellows, as shown in figure 25, also help alleviate the effects of thermal expan-
sion. Bellows behave similarly to expansion joints except where expansion joints
are made of rigid metal pipes that slide, bellows are made to contract and expand
along their long axis much like an accordion does. They can be made of metal or
polymers. Metal is used less often since it weakens quicker over time with repeated
expansion and contraction.

BELLOWS

Figure 25. Bellows

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 OBJECTIVE 6 DESCRIBE HOW TO START UP A STEAM SYSTEM

To start up a basic steam system, the following step-by-step process should be

followed:
Step 1: Check the Water Level in the Boiler
Step 2: Check the Main Steam Stop Valve to Make Sure it is Closed
Step 3: Check for Fire Hazards
Step 4: Open the Boiler Vent or the Top Try Cock
Step 5: Start the Burner
Step 6: Monitor the Water Level as the Boiler Warms Up
Step 7: Perform Blowdown When Gauge Records Pressure
Step 8: Slowly Open the Main Steam Stop Valve and Allow Pressure to
Equalize
Step 9: Open the Main Steam Stop Valve Until it is Wide Open

NOTE
The procedures and equipment covered in this LAP will apply to common
steam systems and the components of those systems. However, you should
always refer to the equipment manufacturer’s instructions when handling the
equipment.

Step 1: Check the Water Level in the Boiler

The water level in the boiler must be checked to make sure it remains within
specified levels during operation. If the water level goes above the maximum limit
or below the minimum limit, the boiler could fail causing severe damage and loss
of life. The water level is usually maintained by an automatic feedwater system.
You can check the water level in the boiler by viewing the level of the water
inside a stop cock or gauge class. The gauge glass and stop cocks are located on the
water column that is usually attached to the side of the boiler. The water column
must be located at the normal operating water level (NOWL), as shown in figure
26.

HIGH WATER NOWL

NOWL ALARM

LOW WATER
ALARM

Figure 26. Location of Water Column

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 Stop cocks, as shown in figure 27, are usually circular and clear allowing the
water level inside the column to be seen. Gauge glass is the piece of glass located
on the side of the water column. The gauge glass also indicates the water level
inside the boiler.

STEAM

STEAM
B A B
A
A - NOT LOWER
STOP THAN B
COCKS GAUGE
C - NOT HIGHER GLASS
THAN D D
C C
D
WATER
WATER

Figure 27. Stop Cocks and Gauge Glass

Step 2: Check the Main Steam Stop Valve to Make Sure It Is Closed
The main steam stop valve should be closed when starting up a steam system.
This allows the pressure and temperature inside the boiler to build up as steam is
generated. Turning the handwheel on the stop valve in a clockwise direction will
close it.

MAIN STEAM
STOP VALVE

Figure 28. Stop Valve

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 Step 3: Check for Fire Hazards
Combustible materials must be removed from areas where they do not belong
to prevent boiler damage and safety hazards. Before the boiler is started, any mate-
rials such as tools or rags should be removed from around the boiler. No trace of
fuel oil, gas or fumes should be present.

Step 4: Open the Boiler Vent or Top Try Cock

Opening the boiler vent or top try cock will allow the air to vent from inside
the boiler during warm-up. Usually, the boiler vent is located on the top of the
boiler. Opening this vent allows air that is trapped inside the boiler to escape to
outside the steam system. The top try cock can also be opened to release trapped
air. Most systems are equipped with components that automatically vent air from
the system.

BOILER VENT

Figure 29. Boiler Vent

Step 5: Start the Burner

The boiler must be allowed to warm slowly during start-up. During this step of
the start-up process, the burner should be kept on a low setting.

Step 6: Monitor the Water Level as the Boiler Warms Up

The water level inside the boiler must remain between the designated upper
and lower limits during start-up. Boiler failure can result if proper water levels are
not maintained. You should observe the water level through the try cocks or gauge
glass during warm up. The water source might need to be adjusted to increase
or decrease the water flow to the boiler to maintain the proper water level if the
system is not automated.

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 Step 7: Perform Blowdown When Gauge Records Pressure
Gauge glass, water columns and low water fuel cutoffs should be blown down
when starting up a steam system. A blowdown of a component in a steam system
is a procedure that purges the component of dirt, rust or other foreign matter that
could build up in the component.
Blowdowns are more commonly performed during shutdown procedures if the
boiler is not in constant use and is shut down on a regular basis.
A blowdown is performed by very slowly opening the blowdown valve. Then,
the valve is opened completely and closed again slowly. Compressed air, steam
or water is forced through the component, pushing out the materials through a
blowdown drainpipe. If this procedure is not done, buildup could block the flow of
water or steam causing components and even the boiler to fail.

Step 8: Slowly Open the Main Steam Stop Valve and Allow Pressure to
Equalize
The main steam stop valve lets steam out of the boiler and into the steam
header. When the boiler pressure is a few pounds below the header pressure, the
main steam stop valve should be opened very slowly. With the valve opened just
slightly, you should allow the pressure between the boiler unit and the header to
equalize.
Opening the main steam stop valve slowly and allowing the pressure to
equalize prevents carryover and water hammer. Carryover is the flow of steam
back into the boiler from the header for a short period of time. Water hammer is the
loud banging sound of water droplets as they crash into pipe bends. This is caused
by the velocity at which the steam carries the droplets through the pipes.

Step 9: Open the Main Steam Stop Valve Until it is Wide Open
Opening the main steam stop valve will fully pressurize the steam piping
system. Turning the main steam stop valve counterclockwise will open the valve.
Usually, these valves are gate valves, which will be discussed in detail later. Gate
valves are either fully open or fully closed with little room for adjustment in
between.

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 OBJECTIVE 7 DESCRIBE HOW TO SHUT DOWN A STEAM SYSTEM

The following step-by-step procedure should be followed to shut down a steam

system.
Step 1: Verify that Steam Supply is Not Needed
Step 2: Shut Off the Heat Source
Step 3: Allow the Boiler Unit to Cool
Step 4: Monitor the Water Level
Step 5: Close the Main Steam Stop Valve
Step 6: Open the Boiler Vent or Top Try Cock
Step 1: Verify that Steam Supply is Not Needed
If the components of the steam system you are working on require a constant
supply of steam, make sure that there is steam provided to the components by
another steam source.

Step 2: Shut Off the Heat Source

Turn the heat source off. If the boiler is electric, there should be a simple on/
off switch located on the boiler control panel. If you are working on a gas system,
turn off the fuel supply by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Most combustion boilers have automatic air to fuel mixture control. When this
type of unit is shut off, the on/off combustion control regulates the air supply and
will reduce the mixture until no fuel is burned.

Step 3: Allow the Boiler Unit to Cool

While the boiler cools, it continues to produce steam. The boiler must be
allowed time to cool to prevent pressure from building up or to prevent vacuums
from forming.

Step 4: Monitor the Water Level

The water level must remain in the range between the upper and lower try
cocks or in the limits on the gauge glass during the cooling process. You might
need to adjust the water flow to keep the water level inside the boiler within range.
Damage could result if the water is allowed to go outside of this range.

Step 5: Close the Main Steam Stop Valve

The main steam stop valve must be completely closed only after the boiler has
stopped steaming. Turning the handwheel on the stop valve in a clockwise direc-
tion will close the valve.

Step 6: Open the Boiler Vent or Top Try Cock

The boiler vent or top try cock must be opened to allow venting to prevent a
vacuum from forming. This should be done when the steam gauge shows approxi-
mately one or two pounds or pressure. A vacuum formed inside a boiler could
cause implosion of the boiler. This type of failure can be catastrophic posing severe
danger to human life.

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 SKILL 1 START UP A STEAM SYSTEM

Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will start up a steam system.

 1. Obtain a pair of leather gloves.

 2. Perform the following substeps to prepare the 950-SH1 Steam Trainer.
A. Lock the 950-SH1 Steam Trainer caster locks.
B. Connect the drain line(s) to the trainer.
C. Connect the water supply to the steam trainer. Leave the water supply off
at this time.

Figure 30. Connecting the Water Supply

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 D. Turn the boiler power switch to the OFF position.
E. Turn the circulation pump switch located on the back of the boiler to the
OFF position.
F. Connect the 3 φ electric power supply.

Figure 31. Connecting Electric Power (plugs may vary)

G. Connect the 120 V electric power supply (standard wall outlet).

H. Shut the blowdown separator water inlet valve (10 HV 200A).
I. Shut the boiler feedwater reservoir inlet valve (10 HV 200B).

10 HV 200B

Figure 32. Feedwater Reservoir Inlet (10 HV 200B)

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 J. Shut the boiler feedwater pump inlet valve (10 HV 300D).
K. Open the feedwater reservoir gauge glass valves (10 HV 300I, top) (10HV
300J, bottom).
L. Shut the condenser water inlet valve (10 HV 200C).

10 HV 200C

Figure 33. Condenser Water Inlet Valve (10 HV 200C)

M. Shut the storage tank water inlet valve (10 HV 200D).

N. Shut the condenser water outlet valve (10 HV 400C).
O. Shut the feedwater reservoir drain valve (10 HV 400B).

10 HV 400B

Figure 34. Feedwater Reservoir Drain Valve (10 HV 400B)

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 P. Shut the storage tank drain valve (10 HV 400A).
Q. Shut the boiler blowdown valve (10 HV 100C).
R. Shut the boiler feedwater valve (10 HV 300M).

10 HV 300M

Figure 35. Boiler Feedwater Valve (10 HV 300M)

S. Shut the upstream drain valve (10 HV 100D).

T. Shut the downstream drain valve, shown in figure 36 (10 HV 100E).
U. Turn on the water supply to the trainer.

10 HV100E

Figure 36. Downstream Drain Valve

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  3. Perform the following substeps to fill the feedwater reservoir.
A. Open the feedwater reservoir water inlet valve (10 HV 200B). Water
should flow freely in the tank.
B. Closely monitor the feedwater reservoir gauge glass (10 HV 300I, top)
(10 HV 300J, bottom). Water should be seen moving up the gauge glass.
C. When the water level reaches the top of the gauge glass, shut the feedwater
reservoir water inlet valve (10 HV 200B). The trainer is now prepared and
is ready for boiler start up.
D. Shut the boiler steam stop valve (10 HV 300A).
E. Shut the boiler vent valve (10 HV 100A) and reopen it one full turn.

10 HV 100A

Figure 37. Boiler Vent Valve (10 HV 100A)

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  4. Perform the following substeps to startup the boiler.
A. Shut the boiler feedwater control blowdown valve (10 HV 100B).
B. Open the boiler pressure gauge valve).
C. Open the feedwater pump inlet valve (10 HV 300D).

10 HV 300D

Figure 38. Feedwater Pump Inlet (10 HV 300D)

D. Open the boiler feedwater inlet valve (10 HV 300M).

E. Open the boiler gauge glass valves (10 HV 300K, top) (10 HV 300L,
bottom).
F. Set the high-limit pressure control (10 PSH 300) to 80 psi (6 kg / cm2).

10 PSH 300

Figure 39. High-Limit Pressure Control

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 G. Set the boiler operating control to 70 psi (5 bar).
H. Make sure the boiler differential pressure setting is set to 10 psi (1 bar).
I. Turn the boiler power switch (10 HJS 300) to the ON position. This will
illuminate the switch light. The feedwater pump will start and begin
filling the boiler. When the water level reaches approximately half-way
up the gauge glass, the feedwater pump will stop automatically. At this
time the boiler heating elements will energize and the boiler will begin
heating.

10 HJS 300

Figure 40. Boiler Power Switch

J. Watch for steam to begin venting from the vent stack.

NOTE
From this point forward, the boiler, piping, components, and valves will be
operating at elevated temperatures. Use extreme caution when working around
the trainer and use leather gloves to avoid burns. Refer back to the safety test
that you took to refresh yourself on steam system safety, if necessary.

K. Allow steam to vent for half a minute or so to purge all the air out of the
boiler. At this point, shut the vent valve using leather gloves.
L. Closely monitor the boiler pressure gauge. The pressure will begin rising
until 70 psi (482.6 kPa) is reached. At this pressure, the heating elements
will de-energize and the pressure will hold steady. The boiler has now
been started and is ready for service.

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  5. Perform the following substeps to start up the 950-SH1 Steam Trainer.
A. Open the condenser water outlet valve 1/4 turn (10 HV 400C).
This will allow the city water to flow through the condenser at a controlled
rate. Opening it 1/4 turn will allow the system to run at near equilib-
rium. The output of the boiler will approximately equal the ability of the
condenser to condense 100% of the steam output of the boiler.

10 HV 400C

Figure 41. Condenser Water Outlet Valve (10 HV 400C)

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 B. Open the inverted bucket steam trap outlet valve (10 HV 300C).
This valve is located to the right of the trap as you are looking at the front
of the boiler. Opening this valve will allow the condensate that is collected
inside the trap to drain into the condensate collection tank.

10 HV 300C

Figure 42. Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Outlet Valve (10 HV 300C)

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 C. Open the inverted bucket steam trap inlet valve (10 HV 300B).
This valve is located to the left of the trap as you are looking at the front
of the boiler. Opening this valve will allow the steam to flow through a
stainer and then through the inverted bucket steam trap.

INVERTED
BUCKET
STEAM
TRAP

10 HV 300B

STRAINER

Figure 43. Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Inlet Valve (10 HV 300B)

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 D. Shut the condenser side temperature control valve steam inlet valve (10
HV 300H).
The condenser side temperature control valve is located on the back side
of the trainer as you are looking at the front of the boiler. Shutting this
valve will bypass the temperature control unit for the condenser.

10 HV 300H

Figure 44. Condenser Side Temperature Control Valve Steam Inlet Valve
(10 HV 300H)

E. Shut the water heater side temperature control valve steam inlet valve (10
HV 300F).
The water heater side temperature control valve is located on the front of
the steam trainer as you are looking at the front side of the boiler. Shutting
this valve will allow pressure to build inside the boiler more quickly.

10 HV 300F

Figure 45. Water Heater Side Temperature Control Valve Steam Inlet Valve (10 HV
300F)

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 F. Shut the water heater steam inlet valve 10 HV 300E).
Shutting this valve will not allow steam to enter the heat exchanger on the
water heater side of the system. This will allow pressure to build inside
the boiler more quickly.

10 HV 300E

Figure 46. Water Heater Steam Inlet Valve (10 HV 300E)

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 G. Slowly crack open the boiler outlet stop valve (10 HV 300A).
As you begin to open this valve, watch the pressure gauge located to the
left of the pressure regulator. You will see the pressure begin to rise. You
should also hear the steam flowing past the boiler outlet stop valve (10 HV
300A).

10 HV 300A

Figure 47. Boiler Output Stop Valve (10 HV 300A)

H. Allow the pressure to equalize.

The pressure on the gauge to the left (upstream) of the pressure regulator
should read approximately 70 psi (5 bar). The pressure on the gauge
to the right (downstream) of the pressure regulator should read approxi-
mately 4 psi (0.3 bar).
I. Fully open the boiler steam outlet stop valve (10 HV 300A) when the
conditions in Substep H exist.

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 J. Open the condenser steam inlet valve 1 turn (10 HV 300G).
This will allow steam to enter the condenser. The condenser will remove
the energy from the steam. The resulting condensate will run into the
condensate collection tank.

10 HV 300G

Figure 48. Condenser Steam Inlet Valve (10 HV 300G)

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  6. Perform the following substeps to heat the water to the target temperature of
140 degrees Fahrenheit.
A. Turn the power on to the circulation pump.
The power switch to the circulation pump is located on the backside of the
boiler on the upper right hand corner of the unit. You should hear and be
able to feel the small magnetic pump running that is located on the end of
the hot water tank.

Figure 49. Circulation Pump Switch

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 B. Open the condenser side temperature control valve steam inlet valve 1
turn (10 HV 300H).
This will allow a controlled flow of steam to enter the condenser through
the automatic throttling valve. When the temperature inside the hot water
tank nears 140 °F (60 °C), the valve will begin to open. This will help
regulate the temperature inside the water tank.

10 HV 300H

Figure 50. Condenser Side Temperature Control Valve Steam Inlet Valve (10 HV
300H)

C. Open the water heater side temperature control valve inlet steam valve 1
turn (10 HV 300F).
This will allow the steam to enter the heat exchanger that will transfer heat
from the steam to the water.

10 HV 300F

Figure 51. Water Heater Side Temperature Control Valve Steam Inlet Valve (10 HV
300F)

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 D. Close the condenser steam inlet valve (10 HV 300G).
The water in the storage tank will begin heating due to steam passing
through the water heater temperature control valve. When the water
inside the storage tank reaches 140 F (60 °C), the temperature control
valves will switch position and steam will be sent to the condenser.

10 HV 300G

Figure 52. Condenser Steam Inlet Valve (10 HV 300G)

E. Monitor the storage tank water temperature gauge.

This gauge is located on the opposite end of the trainer from the boiler
unit. You will see the temperature climb at a steady rate towards the target
temperature of 140 °F (60 °C). As the temperature nears 140 °F (60 °C),
the heating will slow as the heat exchanger and condenser temperature
control units close and open respectively.

Figure 53. Storage Tank Water Temperature Gauge

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  7. Perform the following substeps to stop the water heating process.
A. Open the condenser steam inlet valve 1/2 turn (10 HV 300G).
This will allow the steams to be removed inside the condenser instead of
by heating the storage tank water.

10 HV 300G

Figure 54. Condenser Steam Inlet Valve (10 HV 300G)

B. Close the water heater side temperature control valve inlet valve (10 HV
300F).
C. Close the condenser side temperature control valve inlet valve (10 HV
300H).
The steam system is no longer heating the water in the storage tank at this
time. It is simply maintaining equilibrium between the boiler output and
the condenser.

WARNING
You should proceed directly to the next skill in which you will shut
down the steam system. If you are unable to complete this skill, inform your
instructor immediately. You should never leave the 950-SH1 Steam System
trainer unattended while it is running.

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 SKILL 2 SHUT DOWN A STEAM SYSTEM

Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will shut down a steam system.

NOTE
You should have completed the 950-SH1 Steam System trainer startup
skill prior to beginning this skill. At this point, the steam system is running and
should no longer be heating the storage tank water.

 1. Obtain a pair of leather gloves.

 2. Perform the following substeps to shut down the 950-SH1 Steam System
trainer.
A. Turn off the circulation pump.
This will stop the magnetic pump from circulating the water in the storage
tank through the heat exchanger.

Figure 55. Circulation Pump Switch

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 B. Turn off the boiler.
The boiler switch power light will go off at this time.
You should hear the heating elements in the boiler de-energize.
Steam pressure will drop as the steam is consumed by the condenser.
Boiler-side pressure will drop slowly due to natural cooling of the boiler.
You should see the boiler pressure gauge indicate a dropping pressure.
C. Shut the boiler output steam stop valve (10 HV 300A).
When the stop valve is shut, the pressure downstream of the boiler should
quickly drop off to 0 psi (0 bar).

10 HV 300A

Figure 56. Boiler Outlet Stop Valve (10 HV 300A)

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 D. Fully open the condenser water outlet valve (10 HV 400C).
This will allow the condenser to remove the energy of the steam as quickly
as possible.

10 HV 400C

Figure 57. Condenser Water Outlet Valve (10 HV 400C)

E. When the pressure downstream of the pressure regulator falls to 0 psi (0

bar), shut the condenser water outlet valve.

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  3. Perform the following substeps to blow down the boiler when the boiler
pressure drops to 20 psi (140 kPa).
A. Check the boiler pressure to make sure it is down to 20 psi (140 kPa).
You can crack open the vent valve to speed the pressure reduction in the
boiler.

PI 300C

Figure 58. Boiler Pressure Gauge

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 B. Shut the upstream drain valve (10 HV 100D).

10 HV 400D

Figure 59. Upstream Drain Valve (10 HV 100D)

C. Shut the downstream drain valve (10 HV 100E).

10 HV 100E

Figure 60. Downstream Drain Valve (10 HV 100E)

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 D. Locate the vent stack sight glass.

Figure 61. Vent Stack Sight Glass

E. Slowly open the boiler blowdown valve (10 HV 100C) while monitoring
the vent stack sight glass.
• Boiler water will be forced out of the boiler into the blowdown separator.
• Some of the boiler water will flash into steam and exist out of the vent
stack.

10 HV 100C

Figure 62. Boiler Blowdown Valve (10 HV 100C)

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 F. Shut the boiler blowdown valve (10 HV 100C) when the water level is
seen in the vent stack sight glass.

WARNING
You must carefully monitor the sight glass during this step. If you do not
see that the water level has reached the sight glass, hot water will overflow the
vent stack and may cause severe burns.

G. Open the blowdown separator water inlet valve ( 10 HV 200A) for a few
seconds, then close.
This will cool the water that is inside the blowdown separator tank before
it is sent to the drain. Some PVC piping can’t withstand very hot liquids.
Cooling the water will help eliminate the chance that damage will occur
to the drainage piping.

10 HV 200A

Figure 63. Blowdown Separator Water Inlet Valve (10 HV 200A)

H. Open the downstream drain valve (10 HV 100E).

Opening the downstream drain valve will drain the blowdown separator
tank.
I. Shut the downstream drain valve (10 HV 100E) when the blowdown sepa-
rator tank is empty.
You will be able to either see the flow decrease at the outlet of the drainage
line or feel the side of the blowdown separator tank as it cools indicating
that the hot water is absent.

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 J. Locate the blowdown valve for the boiler feedwater level controller (10
HV 100B).

10 HV
100B

Figure 64. Blowdown Valve for the Boiler Feedwater Level Controller (10 HV 100B)

K. Open the boiler feedwater level controller blowdown valve (10 HV 100B)
while monitoring the vent stack sight glass.
L. Close the boiler feedwater level controller blowdown valve (10 HV 100B)
when/if you see the water level enter the sight glass.
You may not see the water level enter the sight glass if the pressure inside
the boiler goes to 0 psi (0 kPa).
M. Cool and drain blowdown by repeating substeps G through I.
The boiler has been shut down and blown down at this time. The 950-SH1
Steam Trainer must now be drained and secured for future use.
 4. Perform the following substeps to drain and secure the 950-SH1 Steam
Trainer.
A. Disconnect the trainer power connections.
B. Fully open the boiler vent valve (10 HV 100A).
C. Open the downstream drain valve (10 HV 100E).
D. Open the boiler blowdown valve (10 HV 100C).
The water remaining inside the boiler, if any, will drain to the sewer.
E. Shut the boiler blowdown valve (10 HV 100C).
F. Shut the upstream drain valve (10 HV 100D).
G. Open the feedwater reservoir drain valve (10 HV 400B).
Watch the gauge glass to make sure the water level does not rise above the
gauge glass level.

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 H. Shut the drain valve (10 HV 400B) when the reservoir is empty.
I. Shut the upstream drain valve (10 HV 100D).
J. Turn off the water supply to the trainer.
K. Disconnect the water supply line.
L. Open both condenser water supply inlet (10 MV 200C) and outlet (10 HV
400C) valves to drain the water from the piping.
Catch the draining water in a bucket.
M. Disconnect the drain line when the storage tank is completely empty.
N. Allow the trainer to fully cool.
The steam system should be fully shut down and cooled at this time. You
can now unlock the casters and move the trainer if necessary.

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 SEGMENT 1
SELF REVIEW

1. A(n) __________ distribution system links boilers and the equipment

that actually uses the steam.

2. The main components of a steam distribution system are the boiler,

________ header, steam ________, branch lines, various components
and mounting hardware.

3. A(n) ________ is a device for generating steam.

4. A(n) ________ is designed to receive steam from one or more boilers

and equalize the pressure of the steam.

5. Pipe bends, expansion joints, expansion horseshoes and loops, and

bellows accommodate __________ expansion and contraction in steam
systems.

6. You can read the water level inside a boiler using a(n) _____ or _____.

7. Number each bolt to indicate the correct tightening sequence for a 12-
bolt flange.

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 SEGMENT 2
OUTSIDE STEM AND YOKE (OS&Y) VALVES

OBJECTIVE 8 DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION OF AN OS&Y VALVE IN A STEAM SYSTEM

The function of an OS&Y valve in a steam system is to control the flow of

steam. OS&Y valves, as shown in figure 65, are usually used as:
• Stop Valves
• Header Valves

Figure 65. OS&Y Valve

Stop Valves
Stop valves are used to control the steam coming out of the boiler into the
steam piping system. When in the open position, the stop valve allows steam to
flow. When closed the steam is kept from entering the steam piping system.

Header Valves
Header valves are used to control the flow of steam into and out of the steam
header. The steam header is where the pressure of the steam equalizes before being
piped to the components that will use it.

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 OBJECTIVE 9 DESCRIBE THE OPERATION OF AN OS&Y VALVE

The stem of an OS&Y valve, as shown in figure 66, regulates the flow of water
through the valve. When the OS&Y valve is open, the stem is in the up position,
allowing steam to pass through the valve. When the valve is closed, the stem is in
the down position, cutting off the flow of steam. One of the great benefits of OS&Y
valves is that the valve does not cause a loss of pressure as the steam goes through
it as other types of valves do.

VALVE CLOSED
VALVE OPEN WHEN STEM IS HANDLE
WHEN STEM IS IN DOWN POSITION
IN UP POSITION

HANDLE
RISING
STEMS

GATE

OPEN CLOSED

Figure 66. Operation of an OS&Y Valve

OS&Y valves are operated by turning the valve handwheel either clockwise
to close the valve or counterclockwise to open the valve. As the valve is turned
counterclockwise, you will notice the stem of the valve rising out of the center
of the valve body. As the valve is closed, the stem goes back down into the valve
body. The positioning of the stem allows the operator to easily determine whether
the valve is open or closed by visual inspection.

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 OBJECTIVE 10 EXPLAIN HOW TO DETERMINE THE CONDITION OF AN OS&Y VALVE

The condition of an OS&Y valve refers to whether it is open or closed. A

tremendous benefit of the OS&Y valve is that when the valve is closed, the stem is
not visible. When the valve is open, as shown in figure 66, the stem is noticeably
protruding above the valve body.
At a glance, an operator can tell if the valve is open or closed. Sometimes these
valves are positioned 30 or 40 feet (9 to 12 m) in the air. If an operator had to actu-
ally turn the valve handwheel to determine if the valve was open or closed, it would
reduce the ease of operation of the boiler system.

SKILL 3 OPERATE AN OS&Y VALVE

Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will operate an OS&Y valve.

 1. Locate the OS&Y valve on the 950-SH1 Steam Trainer.

 The trainer should be off and cooled down.

10 HV
300A

Figure 67. Location of OS&Y Valve (10 HV 300A)

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  2. Close the valve by turning the handwheel clockwise.
 You will notice that the stem of the valve lowers into the body of the valve as
it is closed.

Figure 68. Closing the OS&Y Valve (10 HV 300A)

 3. Open the valve by turning the handwheel counterclockwise.
 You will notice that the stem of the valve raises out of the body of the valve
as it is opened.

Figure 69. Opening the OS&Y Valve (10 HV 300A)

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 SEGMENT 2
SELF REVIEW

1. OS&Y valves are usually used as _____ valves and _____ valves.

2. The purpose of a(n) ________ valve is to control the flow of steam into
and out of the steam header.

3. When the valve stem of an OS&Y valve is extended out of the valve
body, the valve is _________.

4. To open an OS&Y valve, the handwheel must be turned in a(n)

__________ direction.

5. When the valve stem of an OS&Y valve is down inside the valve body,
the valve is _______.

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 SEGMENT 3
STRAINERS

OBJECTIVE 11 DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION OF A STRAINER

The function of a strainer, as shown in figure 70, is to remove any solid parti-
cles, such as scale, lime and metal particles, from the steam piping system before
they can cause damage to components. Strainers are very important in removing
condensate (i.e. water) as well as solid particles prior to the steam entering turbines.
Even small drops of condensate entering a turbine will cause massive damage to
the turbine fins.

Figure 70. Strainer

Public water supplies often contain high levels of scale and lime. Scale and lime
deposits can form on components during heating of the water. Strainers should be
located ahead of temperature regulating and/or pressure reducing valves and steam
traps. The correct positioning of the strainer will help protect the moving parts of
these components from dirt. This is especially important for new installations.

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 OBJECTIVE 12 DESCRIBE THE OPERATION OF A STRAINER

A strainer operates by catching undesired particles in a mesh as the steam

passes through the strainer, as shown in figure 71. Strainers are also used on water
lines entering the system to remove contaminates from city water lines. The parti-
cles are kept in the mesh of the strainer and can be removed by performing a blow-
down on the strainer. Usually, there are pressure gauges located before and after
the strainer to show any difference in pressure across the strainer. As the strainer
collects particles, the pressure on the exit side of the strainer will drop indicating
that a blowdown should be performed to remove the particles.

STEAM
FLOW

PARTICLES

Figure 71. Strainer Catching Particles

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 OBJECTIVE 13 DESCRIBE HOW TO INSTALL A STRAINER

A strainer can be installed by following this step-by-step procedure:

Step 1. Run Pipe to the Strainer
Step 2. Clean the Line
Step 3. Install the Strainer
Step 1. Run Pipe to the Strainer
The pipe should be run to the strainer so that the strainer is easily accessible
for maintenance and replacement.

Step 2. Clean the Line

The steam line should be cleaned by blowing compressed air down the steam
line. This will prevent potentially harmful particles from entering the strainer
during normal operation.

Step 3. Install the Strainer

The strainer basket should be installed in a horizontal plane, as shown in figure
72. The strainer basket should never be located below the pipe unless the strainer
is self-cleaning. This causes pools of condensate to accumulate that can lead to
water hammer.

EQUIPMENT DRAIN POINT

TRAP
BASKET SHUT-OFF VALVE

INEFFECTIVELY
FITTED STRAINER

STAINER
TO DRAIN

BASKET
CORRECTLY FITTED
CORRECTLY STRAINER (WITH
FITTED STRAINER DRAINAGE)

TO DRAIN

Figure 72. Proper Strainer Basket Placement

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 OBJECTIVE 14 DESCRIBE HOW TO INSPECT A STRAINER

Strainers must be periodically inspected for buildup of particulate matter in the

strainer screen. Strainers contain a basket made of small wire mesh that will trap
solid particles that might be pushed through the steam pipes by the steam.
The basket is located inside the lower branch of the strainer, as shown in figure
73. A bolt on the end of the strainer permits access to the cavity in which the
strainer basket is housed. Removing this bolt will allow you to pull the strainer
basket out of the strainer body.

BLOW
OFF

Figure 73. Strainer

Sometimes, the strainer has a pipe leading out of the strainer basket branch
into other steam system components. Removal of the both the bolt and piping may
be necessary in these cases.
You should be very careful not to deform, tear, or puncture the strainer basket
mesh while removing and inspecting it. If any particles can pass through the mesh
because of damage or deformity, damage to other more expensive steam system
components can result.
You should visually inspect the strainer basket for small particles of rust,
buildup of calcium carbonate (white solids contained in hard water) or any other
foreign particles. If any material is found in the strainer basket mesh, the basket
must be thoroughly cleaned. You will learn how to properly clean a strainer basket
in the next objective.

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 OBJECTIVE 15 DESCRIBE HOW TO CLEAN A STRAINER

The following step-by-step process can be followed to inspect a strainer:

Step 1. Remove the Strainer
Step 2. Examine the Strainer
Step 3. Replace the Strainer
Step 1. Remove the Strainer
Never try to remove the strainer while the system is under pressure unless
there is a bypass to the strainer that can be used. Most strainers can be removed
by unscrewing the end cap, as shown in figure 74. The strainer basket should be
located inside the lower branch on the strainer.

STRAINER BODY

BASKET

Figure 74. Removing the Strainer

Step 2. Examine the Strainer

Visual inspection of the strainer basket is the best way to determine if it needs
to be cleaned. Small foreign particles might be present in the strainer. You should
try to identify scale build-up, rust or other materials.

Step 3. Replace the Strainer

The strainer basket must be positioned in a horizontal plane.

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 SKILL 4 INSPECT A STRAINER

Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will inspect a strainer located in a steam system.

WARNING
To perform this skill the 950-SH1 Steam Trainer must be completely shut
down and fully cooled. Severe burns will result if the system is in operation
while performing this skill.

 1. Obtain a crescent wrench.

 2. Position yourself in front of the 950-SH1 Steam System trainer.
 3. Locate the Y-strainer in the upper left hand part of the trainer that is next to
the steamtrap.
 You will be performing this skill with the Y-strainer in place on the 950-SH1
Steam System trainer.

Y-STRAINER
STEAM
TRAP

Figure 75. Y-Strainer

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  4. Remove the end cap from the bottom of the Y-strainer using a crescent wrench
to turn the end cap and a pipe wrench to prevent the strainer from turning.

Figure 76. Drain Bolt

 5. Remove the basket from the bottom of the Y-strainer.
 Be careful not to nick or gouge the screen.

STRAINER
BASKET
END CAP

Y-STRAINER

Figure 77. Strainer Basket

 6. Closely examine the strainer for solid particles.
 Some particles may be white in color. These are most likely buildup of
minerals found in areas of hard water.

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  7. Clean the strainer with compressed air or water.
 Make sure you thoroughly remove any solid particles.

WARNING
Always wear safety glasses when using compressed air.

Figure 78. Cleaning Strainer

 8. Replace the strainer basket in the Y-strainer body.
 9. Replace the end cap to the strainer body.
 10. The strainer is now ready for service.
 The next time you run the steam trainer, make sure to watch for steam or
condensate leaks around the end cap. Re-tighten the end cap if a leak is
noticed.

BB528-XD05UEN STEAM SYSTEMS 67

Copyright © 2012 Amatrol, Inc.
 OBJECTIVE 16 DESCRIBE HOW TO PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON A
STRAINER

Preventive maintenance should be performed on the same schedule as that

of the steam trap. Initially, the following procedure should be done every two to
three days until the system is clean. Thereafter, preventive maintenance should be
performed every six months.
Step 1. Inspect Joints for Leaks
Step 2. Clean Strainers
Step 1. Inspect Joints for Leaks
Visually inspect the connection joints around the strainer for signs of steam
leaking out. Leaking steam may appear as condensate buildup or you may actually
see some water vapor as the steam cools when it hits the air. Stop all leaks by tight-
ening bolts and replacing gaskets if necessary on flanged connections. You should
use a pipe wrench to tighten pipes with threaded connections.
If this does not work, you may have to disassemble the connection, reapply
pipe sealing compound and reassemble. Always refer to the manufacturer’s speci-
fication on bolt torque settings and gasket replacement procedures.

Step 2. Clean Strainers

Clean the strainer by removing the strainer screen from the strainer body and
washing it thoroughly with water or by blowing particles off of it using compressed
air.

BB528-XD05UEN STEAM SYSTEMS 68

Copyright © 2012 Amatrol, Inc.
 SEGMENT 3
SELF REVIEW

1. The function of a(n) ________ is to remove any solid particles, such as

scale, lime and metal particles, from the steam piping system.

2. As a strainer collects particles, the pressure on the exit side of the

strainer will _____ indicating that a blowdown should be performed to
remove the particles.

3. Preventive maintenance should be done every ___ to ___ days until the
system is clean.

4. A(n) ________ procedure can be performed to clean a strainer, or the

strainer basket can be removed and cleaned to remove foreign materials.

5. Strainers can have ________, _________, or flanged end connections.

BB528-XD05UEN STEAM SYSTEMS 69

Copyright © 2012 Amatrol, Inc.