¢éwÃAiÀÄ ¦.AiÀÄÄ.

¹-EwºÁ¸À
ªÀiÁzÀj ¥Àæ±Éß ¥ÀwæPÉ –3
¸ÀªÄÀ AiÀÄ: 3 UÀAmÉUÀ¼ÀÄ UÀjµÀ× CAPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ : 80

I. PɼÀV£ÀªÀÅUÀ¼À°è AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ ºÀvÀÛPÉÌ MAzÀÄ ¥Àz/À MAzÀÄ ªÁPÀåzÀ°è GvÀÛj¹ 10 X 1 = 10

Answer any 10 of the following questions each carries one mark.

1. ¥ÁæaãÀ PÀ£ÁðlPÀzÀ ªÉÄÃgÉ G¯ÉèÃT¸ÀĪÀ UÀæAxÀªÀ£ÄÀ ß ºÉ¸Àj¹?

Name the work that mentions the extent of ancient Karnataka?
GvÀÛg:À PÀ«gÁdªÀiÁUÀð.
Ans: Kavirajamarga.
2. ªÀÄUÀĪÀ£ÄÀ ß ±Á¯ÉUÉ PÀ¼ÀÄ»¸À®Ä ªÀiÁqÀÄwÛzÀÝ ¸ÀªÀiÁgÀA¨sÀ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÀÄ?
What was the ceremony performed to send the child to school?
GvÀÛg:À G¥À£A
À iÀÄ£À.
Ans: Upanayanam.
3. ±ÁvÀªÁºÀ£ÀgÀ gÁdzsÁ¤ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÀÄ?
Which was the capital of Satavahanas?
GvÀÛg:À ¥Àw
æ µÁ×£À (¥ÉÊvÁ£ï).
Ans: Prathisthana (Paithan)
4. PÀıÁ£ÀgÀ ¥Àæ¹zÀÞ zÉÆgÉ AiÀiÁgÀÄ?
Who was the greatest king of the Kushanas?
GvÀÛg:À PÁ¤µÀÌ.
Ans: Kanishka.
5. ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ ªÉÊzÀå ±Á¸ÀÛçzÀ “¦vÁªÀĺÀ” £ÉAzÀÄ AiÀiÁgÀ£ÄÀ ß PÀgÉAiÀįÁVzÉ?
Who is called the father of Indian Medicine?
GvÀÛg:À zs£
À ÀéAwæ.
Ans: Dhanwanthri.
6. vÀAeÁªÀÇj£À gÁdgÁeÉñÀégÀ zÉêÁ®AiÀĪÀ£ÄÀ ß PÀnÖ¹gÀĪÀªÀgÀÄ?
Who built the Rajarajeshwara Temple of Tanjore?
GvÀÛg:À 1£Éà gÁdgÁdZÉÆüÀ.
Ans: Dhanwanthri.
7. PÀ£ÀßqÀzÀ ªÉÆzÀ® ±Á¸À£À AiÀiÁªÀÅzÀÄ?
Which is the first Kannada inscription?
GvÀÛg:À ºÀ°är ±Á¸À£.À
Ans: Halmidi
1
8. CªÉÆÃWÀªµ
À Àð£À D¸ÁÜ£PÀ ÉÌ ¨sÉÃn ¤ÃrzÀ «zÉò ¥Àª
æ Á¹ AiÀiÁgÀÄ?
Who was the foreign traveler who visited the court of Amoghavarsha?
GvÀÛg:À ¸ÀįÉêÀiÁ£ï.
Ans: Sulaiman.
9. ºÉÆAiÀÄì¼ÀgÀ gÁd¯ÁAbÀ£À AiÀiÁªÀÅzÀÄ?
What was the Royal Emblem of Hoysalas?
GvÀÛg:À ¸À¼À ºÀÄ°AiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÉÆ®ÄèwÛgÀĪÀ zÀȱÀå.
Ans: Sala killing a tiger.
10. PÀ¯Áåt ZÁ®ÄPÀågÀ ¸ÁÜ¥ÀPÀ AiÀiÁgÀÄ?
Who was founder of Chalukyas?
GvÀÛg:À 2£Éà vÉÊ®¥À.
Ans: Tailapa II
11. C¯ÉâgÀĤAiÀÄ ¥Àæ¹zÀÞ ¥ÀĸÀÛPÀªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉ¸Àj¹?
Name the famous book of Alberumi ?
GvÀÛg:À QvÁ¨ï-G¯ï-»Azï.
Ans: Kitab-UI-Hind.
12. CPÀâgï eÁjUÉƽ¹zÀ ºÉƸÀ zsÀªÄÀ ð AiÀiÁªÀÅzÀÄ?
Which was the new religion introduced by Akbar?
GvÀÛg:À ¢£ï-E-E¯Á».
Ans: Din-i-Ilahi
13. ²ªÁfAiÀÄ ©gÀÄzÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÀÄ?
What was the title of Shivaji?
GvÀÛg:À bÀvæ¥
À w
À .
Ans: Chatrapati.
14. avÀæzÀÄUÀðzÀ PÉÆÃmÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß gÀQë¹zÀ ªÀÄ»¼ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉ¸Àj¹?
Name the lady who defended the Chitradurga fort?
GvÀÛg:À N£ÀPÉ N§ªÀé.
Ans: Onake Obavva.

2
15. “ªÉÃzÀUÀ½UÉ »A¢gÀÄV” JAzÀÄ PÀgÉ ¤ÃrzÀªg
À ÀÄ AiÀiÁgÀÄ?
Who gave the call ‘go back to Vedas’?
GvÀÛg:À ¸Áé«Ä zÀAiÀiÁ£ÀAzÀ ¸ÀgÀ¸Àéw.
Ans: Swami Dayanada Saraswathi.
II. F PɼÀV£À AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ 10 ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ JgÀqÀÄ ¥ÀzÀ/JgÀqÄÀ
ªÁPÀåzÀ°è GvÀÛj¹. 10 X 2 = 20
Answer any 10 of the following questions each carries 2 marks.

16. ¨sÁgÀvÀªÀ£ÄÀ ß ¥À²ª

Ñ ÀÄzÉÆA¢UÉ ¸ÀA¥ÀQð¸ÀĪÀ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ JgÀqÄÀ PÀtªÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉ¸Àj¹?
Name any two passes that connect India with the west?
GvÀÛg:À SÉʧgï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¨ÉÆïÁ£ï.
Ans: Khyber and Bolan passes
17. ¥Áå°AiÉÆðyPï ¥ÀzÀzÀ CxÀðªÉãÀÄ?
What is the meaning of the term “Paleolithic”?
GvÀÛg:À ¥Áå°AiÉÆà - ºÀ¼ÉAiÀÄ °yPï-²¯É
Ans: Paleo-old, lithic-stone.
18. ºÀgÀ¥Áà ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÉƺÉAeÉÆzÁgÉÆÃUÀ¼À£ÀÄß AiÀiÁgÀÄ PÀAqÀÄ »rzÀgÀÄ?
Who discovered Harappa and Mohejodaro?
GvÀÛg:À UÁVð, ¯ÉÆÃ¥ÀªÄÀ ÄzÁæ.
Ans: Gargi, Lopamudra.
19. ªÉÊ¢PÀ PÁ®zÀ AiÀiÁgÁzÀgÆ
À E§âgÀÄ ªÀÄ»¼Á «zÁéA¸ÀgÀ£ÄÀ ß ºÉ¸Àj¹?
Name any two women scholars of Vedic period?
GvÀÛg:À qÁ|| Dgï.©. zÀAiÀiÁgÁªÀiï ¸ÀºÁ¤ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ Dgï.r. ¨Áå£Àfð.
Ans: R.D. Dayaram Sahani and R.D. Banerjee.
20. PËn®å AiÀiÁgÀÄ? CªÀ£À ¥Àæ¹zÀÞ PÀÈw AiÀiÁªÀÅzÀÄ?
Who was Kautily? Which is his famous work?
GvÀÛg:À PËn®å ZÀAzÀæUÀÄ¥ÀÛ ªÀiËAiÀÄð£À ¥ÀæzsÁ¤. CªÀ£À PÀÈw ‘CxÀð±Á¸ÀÛç’.
Ans: Kautilya was primeminister of Chandragupta Maurya. Arthashastra was the
famous work of Kautilya.

3
21. ¥ÀA¥À£À AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÄ JgÀqÀÄ PÀÈwUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß ºÉ¸Àj¹?
Name any two works of Pampa?
GvÀÛg:À «PÀª
æ ÀiÁdÄð£À «dAiÀÄ (¥ÀA¥À¨sÁgÀvÀ) ªÀÄvÀÄÛ D¢¥ÀÄgÁt.

Ans: Vikramarjuna Vijaya (Pampa Bharath), Adipurana.

22. “«PÀª
æ ÀıÀPÀ” ªÀ£ÀÄß AiÀiÁgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ AiÀiÁªÁUÀ DgÀA©ü¹zÀgÄÀ ?
Who started “Vikrama Era” and when?
GvÀÛg:À 6£Éà «PÀæªÀiÁ¢üvÀå, Qæ.±À. 1076.
Ans: Vikramaditya VI. – 1076 CE.
23. 2£Éà vÀgÉÊ£ï PÀzÀ£À £ÀqÉzÀ ªÀµÀð AiÀiÁªÀÅzÀÄ? CzÀÄ AiÀiÁgÀ £ÀqÄÀ ªÉ £Àq¬
É ÄvÀÄ?
In which year did the second battle of Tarain take place? Between whom was
it fought?
GvÀÛg:À ¸Á.±À. 1192, ¥ÀÈyégÁeï Z˺Àt ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀĺÀªÄÀ zïWÉÆÃj.
Ans: 1192 CE, Prithviraj Chowhan and Mohammad Ghori.
24. vÁeï ªÀĺÀ¯ï PÀnÖ¹zÀªÀgÀÄ AiÀiÁgÀÄ? CzÀÄ J°èzÉ?
Who built Taj-Mahal? Where is it?
GvÀÛg:À µÀºÀdºÁ£ï, DUÁæ.
Ans: Shah Jahan, Agra.
25. ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ°è ¥sA
Éæ ZïgÀ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ JgÀqÄÀ ªÁå¥Áj PÉÃAzÀU
æ À¼À£ÀÄß ºÉ¸Àj¹?
Name any two trading centres of French in India?
GvÀÛg:À ¥ÁArZÉÃj, ¸ÀÆgÀvï.
Ans: Pandicherry, Surat.
26. gÉÊvÀªÁj ¥ÀzÀÞw JAzÀgÉãÀÄ?
What is Ryotwari system?
GvÀÛg:À AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉà ªÀÄzsÀåªÀwð E®èzÉ gÉÊvÀ £ÉÃgÀªÁV ¸ÀPÁðgÀPÌÉ (PÀA¥À¤) PÀAzÁAiÀĪÀ£ÄÀ ß
¤ÃqÀĪÀÅzÀPÌÉ gÉÊvÀªÁr ¥ÀzÞÀ w J£ÀÄßvÁÛgÉ.
Ans: The Ownership of land was given to Riyots on the condition that they had to
pay a fixed revenue of 50% regularly.
27. ¸Áé«Ä «ªÉÃPÁ£ÀAzÀgÀÄ ¥ÀæPÀn¸ÀÄwÛzÀÝ ¥ÀwæPÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉ¸Àj¹?
Name the news papers published by Swami Vivekananda?
GvÀÛg:À ¥À¨
æ ÄsÀ zÀÝ ¨sÁgÀvÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ GzÉÆãÃzÀ£Á.
Ans: Prabhuddha Bharata and Udbhodhana.

4
 28. ªÉÄʸÀÆj£À E§âgÀÄ ¥ÀæªÀÄÄR PÀ«ÄµÀ£ÀgïUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉ¸Àj¹?
Name two important commissioners of Mysur?
GvÀÛg:À ªÀiÁPïð PÀ§â£ïß. J¯ï.©. ¨ËjAUï.
Ans: Markcubbon, L.B. Bowring.
29. ¥ÀÆ£Á M¥ÀàAzÀPÌÉ ¸À» ºÁQzÀªg
À ÄÀ AiÀiÁgÀÄ?
Who signed the Poona pact?
GvÀÛg:À qÁ|| ©.Dgï. CA¨ÉÃqÀÌgï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ UÁA¢üÃf.
Ans: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Gandhiji.

III. F PɼÀV£À 5 ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ GvÀÛj¹. 5 X 4 = 20

Answer any five of the following in 15 to 20 sentences.

30. ¨sÁgÀvz
À À EwºÁ¸ÀzÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É ¨sÆ
À UÉÆüÀzÀ ¥Àæ¨sÁªÀªÀ£ÄÀ ß ¸ÀAQë¥ÀÛªÁV «ªÀj¹?
Explain briefly the impact of Geography on Indian History?
GvÀÛg:À ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ ¨sËUÉÆýPÀ ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÁzÀ »ªÀiÁ®AiÀÄ ¥Àªð À vÀU¼
À ÀÄ, GvÀÛgÀzÀ §AiÀÄ®ÄUÀ¼ÀÄ, ªÀÄgÀĨsÀÆ«Ä,
¥Àªð À vÀU¼
À ÀÄ («AzsÀå, CgÁªÀ½, ¸ÀºÁå¢æ), zÀQët ¥À¸ æ ÀܨÀÆ
s «Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÁgÀª½ À wÃgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøw
ºÁUÀÆ EwºÁ¸Àª£ À ÀÄß gÀƦ¸ÀĪÀ°è ¥ÀæªÀÄÄR ¥ÁvÀ檻 À ¹ªÉ.
»ªÀiÁ®AiÀÄ ¥ÀæªÀðvÀU¼ À ÀÄ: ¨sÁgÀvÀª£
À ÀÄß KµÁåzÀ E£ÀÄß½zÀ ¨sÁUÀU½ À AzÀ ¥Àv
æ ÉåÃQ¹zÀÄÝ, ¨sÁgÀvÀPÌÉ £ÉʸÀVðPÀ
vÀqUÉ ÆÉ ÃqÉUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß ¤«Äð¹ªÉ ºÁUÀÆ «zÉò DPÀæªÀÄtPÁgÀgÄÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ²ÃvÀªiÀ ÁgÀÄvÀUÀ½AzÀ gÀQ빪É. ¸ÀzÁ
vÀÄA© ºÀjAiÀÄĪÀ £À¢UÀ½UÉ d£Àä ¤ÃqÀĪÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ GvÀÛgÀzÀ §AiÀÄ®£ÀÄß ¥sÀ®ªÀvÁÛV¹ªÉ.
 GvÀÛgz À À §AiÀÄ®ÄUÀ¼ÀÄ £ÁUÀjPÀvU É ¼À À vÉÆnÖ®ÄUÀ¼ÁVzÀÄÝ, E°è ªÀĺÁ£ï £ÁUÀjPÀvU É ¼À ÁzÀ ¹AzsÄÀ
ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÉÊ¢PÀ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøwUÀ¼ÀÄ ¨É¼Ézª À ÀÅ. E°è ¸ÀªÄÀ È¢Þ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄÆ®¨sÀÆvÀ CªÀ±ÀåPÀvU
É ¼À À ®¨såÀ vÉAiÀÄÄ
ªÀiÁ£Àª£À À ¨sËwPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CzsÁåwäPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÁwéPÀ ¨É¼Àªt
À ÂUU
É É zÁj ªÀiÁrPÉÆlÖªÀÅ.
 GvÀÛgzÀ À PÀtªÉUÀ¼ÁzÀ SÉʧgï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¨ÉÆïÁ£ï ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀªÀÅ ¨sÁgÀwÃAiÀÄjUÉ ¥Á²ÑªÀiÁvÀågÉÆA¢UÉ
ªÁtÂdå ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÁA¸ÀÌøwPÀ ¸ÀA§AzsÀUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß ¨É¼É¸À®Ä ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ ªÀiÁrzÀÝ®èzÉ, «zÉòAiÀÄgÀ zÁ¼ÀUÀ½UÀÆ
CªÀPÁ±À ªÀiÁrPÉÆlÖªÅÀ .
 ¥À²ª Ñ ÀÄzÀ ªÀÄgÀĨsÀÆ«Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ zÀQëtzÀ zÀlÖ PÁqÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ d£ÀgÀ£ÄÀ ß PÀpt ¥Àj±Àæ«Ä ºÁUÀÆ
AiÀÄÄzÀÞ¦æAiÀÄgÀ£ÁßV¹zÀªÅÀ .
 zÀQëtQÌgÀĪÀ ¸ÀªÄÀ ÄzÀU
æ À¼ÀÄ MAzÀÄ PÁ®zÀ°è vÀq¨
É ÃÉ °UÀ¼ÀAwzÀÄÝ £ÀAvÀgÀz°
À è dUÀwÛ£À EvÀgÀ ¨sÁUÀU¼
À À
eÉÆvÉ ¸ÀA¥ÀPð
À ¨É¼É¸ÀĪÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£ª À ÁzÀªÅÀ .
 G¥ÀRAqÀz° À è ¨sËUÉÆýPÀ ©ü£ßÀ vÉ ºÁUÀÆ ªÉÊ«zsåÀ ¥ÀÆtð ªÀ®AiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ zÁæ«qÀ,
D¯Áà¬Ä£ï, ªÀÄAUÉÆïÁ¬Äqï ««zsÀ d£ÁAUÀUÀ¼ÀÄ C¹ÛvÀézÀ°ègÀĪÀÅzÀjAzÀ ««zsÀ ¨sÁµÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
¸ÀA¸ÀÌøwUÀ¼À ¨É¼ÀªtÀ ÂUU
É É PÁgÀtªÁ¬ÄvÀÄ.

5
 GvÀÛgz À À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ zÀQëtzÀ £À¢ §AiÀÄ®ÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ¥ÀÄgÁvÀ£À PÁ®¢AzÀ®Æ C£ÉÃPÀ gÁdå, ¸ÁªÀiÁædåUÀ¼À
GUÀªÄÀ PÉÌ CªÀPÁ±À ªÀiÁrPÉÆnÖzÄÀ Ý, zsÁ«ÄðPÀ, ¸ÁA¸ÀÌøwPÀ ºÁUÀÆ ªÁtÂdå PÉÃAzÀæUÀ¼À ¨É¼Àªt
À ÂUAÉ iÀÄ
ªÉÄÃ¯É ¥À¨ æ sÁªÀ ©ÃjªÉ. E°è zÉÆgÉAiÀÄĪÀ ªÉÊ«zsåÀ ªÀÄAiÀÄ ²¯ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ««zsÀ ¥ÀæPÁgÀzÀ ªÁ¸ÀÄÛ²®àzÀ
¨É¼Àªt
À ÂUU É É ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄPÀªÁVªÉ.
 «¥sÄÀ ®ªÁzÀ ªÀļÉ, C£ÀÄPÀÆ®PÀgÀ ºÀªÁªÀiÁ£ÀªÅÀ ªÉÊ«zsåÀ ªÀÄAiÀÄ ¸À¸ÀåªÀUÀð ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥Áæt ¸ÀAPÀÄ®zÀ
¨É¼Àªt
À ÂUU
É É PÁgÀtªÁVzÉ. ¨sÁgÀvÀªÅÀ GµÀÚª®À AiÀÄzÀ°è §gÀĪÀÅzÀjAzÀ ªÀiÁ£Àª£ À À ¸ÀªÁðAVÃt
C©üªÀÈ¢ÞUÉ ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄPÀªÁVzÉ.
Ans: The physical features of India, are the Himalayas, the Northern plains the
deserts, the mountains (the Vindhyas, the Arawalis, the Sahyadris etc.,). The
Deccan plateau and the coastal line have helped and moulded the development of
different political units and cultures.
 The Himalayas separate India from the rest of Asia. It forms the natural
barrier, protects India from invaders and the cold winds from the north. They
have given birth to ever-flowing north Indian rivers and those rivers have
formed the most fertile plains. These plains were the cradles of civilizations
and empires. The richness, prosperity provided by the fertile land and
available of necessities. Paved the way for the material, spiritual and
philosophical development of man. The great Indus civilization and Vedic
culture had developed in this region.
 The Northern passes such as Khyber, Bolan etc., have helped Indians to have
commercial and culture relations with West.
 The Western deserts and the dense forests of the Deccan plateau have turned
the people into hard working and warlike.
 The oceans of the south once stood as barriers, later served as means of
connecting the rest of the world.
 The geographical diversity and zones within the subcontinent and existence of
various races like Dravidian, Alpine, Mongolian and different tribes have lead
to the development of different languages and cultures.
 The river basins or valleys of north and south have made the country agrarian
from times immemorial. Abundance of rain and favourable climate has helped
the growth of rich flora and fauna.

6
 31. ºÉƸÀ zsÀªÄÀ ðUÀ¼Éà GzÀAiÀÄPÉÌ PÁgÀtªÁzÀ CA±ÀUÀ¼ÁªÀŪÀÅ?
What were the factors responsible for the rise of new religions?
GvÀÛg:À Qæ.¥ÀÆ. 6£Éà ±Àvª À ÀiÁ£Àz° À è ªÉÊ¢PÀ zsª À ÀÄðzÀ ¯ÉÆÃ¥ÀzÆ É ÃµÀUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß «gÉÆâü¹, eÉÊ£Àzsª À ÀÄð,
¨ËzÀÞ zsÀªÀÄðUÀ¼ÀÄ GzÀ¬Ä¹zÀªÅÀ . ºÉƸÀzÀª s ÄÀ ðUÀ¼À GzÀAiÀÄPÉÌ PÁgÀtªÁzÀ CA±ÀUÀ¼ÉAzÀg:É
(1) ªÉÊ¢PÀ zsª À ÀÄðzÀ°è£À UÉÆAzÀ®UÀ¼ÀÄ: Qæ.¥ÀÆ. 6£Éà ±ÀvÀªiÀ Á£ÀzÀ ªÉüÉUÉ, ¥ÀÄgÉÆûvÀ ¥À¨ æ sÁªÀ¢AzÁV
ªÉÊ¢PÀ zsª À ÀÄð vÀ£ßÀ ¸ÀgÀ¼ÀvAÉ iÀÄ£ÀÄß PÀ¼ÉzÄÀ PÉÆArvÀÄ. C¢üPÀ ¸ÀªÄÀ AiÀÄ ºÁUÀÆ ªÉZz ÀÑ ÁAiÀÄPÀ DZÀgÀuÉUÀ¼À°è
d£À vÀªÄÀ ä £ÀA©PÉ PÀ¼ÉzÄÀ PÉÆAqÀÄ, ¸ÀgÀ¼Àv¬ É ÄAzÀ PÀÆrzÀ ºÉƸÀ zsÀªÄÀ ðzÀ PÀqÉUÉ DPÀ¶ðvÀgÁzÀgÄÀ .
(2) ¥ÀÄgÉÆûvÀ ªÀUÀðzÀ ¥ÀgÀªiÀ Á¢üPÁgÀ: ¥ÀÄgÉÆûvÀgÀÄ ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è EvÀgÉ eÁwUÀ¼À ªÉÄïÉ
¥ÀgÀªiÀ Á¢üPÁgÀ ºÉÆA¢zÀÄÝ, ¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ°è ºÀPÄÀ Ì ¨ÁzsåÀ vÉU¼ À À£ÄÀ ß ºÉÆA¢zÀÝgÀÄ ºÁUÀÆ C¼ÀĪÀ ªÀUÀðªÀ£ÀÄß
¤AiÀÄAwæ¸ÀĪÀ ªÀÄlÖPÉÌ ¨É¼É¢zÀÝgÄÀ . d£À ¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀågÀ£ÀÄß ±ÉÆõÀuÉ ªÀiÁqÀÄwÛzÀÝgÀÄ. PÀëwæAiÀÄ ªÀUÀð ªÀÄvÀÄÛ d£À
¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀågÀ C¸ÀªiÀ ÁzsÁ£À ºÉƸÀzÀª s ÄÀ ðzÀ GzÀAiÀÄPÉÌ PÁgÀtªÁ¬ÄvÀÄ.
(3) ¥Áæt§°: AiÀÄdÕzÀ ¸ÀªÄÀ AiÀÄzÀ°è £ÀÆgÁgÀÄ ¥ÁætÂU¼ À À£ÄÀ ß §° ¤ÃqÀÄwÛzÀÄÝzÀjAzÀ PÀȶUÉ ¨ÉÃPÁzÀ
UÉÆêÀÅUÀ¼À ¸ÀASÉå QëÃt¹vÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EAvÀºÀ CxÀð«®èzÀ DZÀgu À ÉU¼ À À£ÄÀ ß «ZÁgÀªÁ¢UÀ¼ÀÄ «gÉÆâü¹zÀgÀÄ.
(4) ªÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼À ¥ÀoÀt: ±ÉÆèÃPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøvÀ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ°èzÀÄzÀjAzÀ d£À¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåjUÉ
CxÀðªÁUÀÄwÛgÀ°®è. »ÃUÁV d£À¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀågÀÄ ªÀÄAvÀæU¼ À À ¥Àot À zÀ°è £ÀA©PÉ PÀ¼ÉzÄÀ PÉÆAqÀgÀÄ.
(5) eÁw ¥ÀzÀÞw: eÁw ¥ÀzÞÀ w PÀlÄÖ¤mÁÖVvÀÄÛ. ¨ÁæºäÀ tgÀÄ G£ÀßvÀ ¸ÁÜ£À ªÀiÁ£À ºÉÆA¢zÀÄÝ, PɼÀªU À ðÀ zÀ
d£Àg£À ÀÄß QüÁV £Àq¹ É PÉƼÀÄîwÛzÀÝgÀÄ. DzÀÝjAzÀ, ¸ÀªiÀ Á£ÀvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß JwÛ »rzÀ ºÉƸÀ zsÀªÀÄðUÀ¼ÀÄ d£Àg£ À ÀÄß
DPÀ¶ð¹zÀªÅÀ .
(6) ªÀĺÁ£ï ªÀåQÛUÀ¼À d£À£:À §ÄzÀÞ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀĺÁ«ÃgÀgÀ ªÀåQÛvÀé ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀgÀ¼ÀªÁzÀ ¨ÉÆÃzsÀ£U É ¼À ÀÄ
d£Àg£À ÀÄß DPÀ¶ð¹zÀªÅÀ .
Ans: India is sixth century BCE witnessed a protest against the exploitation in
religion and social system.
Factors responsible for the rise of new religion are:
(a) Complications in Vedic religion: In the beginning, Vedic religion was very
simple without any complexities. Later, due to the influence of priests, a number of
rigidities crept into this religion into this religion. People got dissatisfied and they
wanted a change, which they found in new religions.
(b) Supremacy of the priestly class: Brahamanas established their supremacy over
other castes. It became impossible for the people to perform yajnas without priests.
They enjoyed a number of special privileges.
(c) Animal sacrifices: Animal sacrifices formed a part of rituals, which were very
costly to practice. So the people lost faith in the existing religion. Rites and rituals of the
Rigveda period became complex in the later Vedic period. For worldly attainments like
getting children. Victory in the war, cure from diseases and also for getting salvation,
yagas and rituals were recommended.
7
 (d) Chanting of mantras: Vedic literature was in Sanskrit, which was mastered by
the priestly class. It was not possible for the common people to understand them. In the
absence of clear understanding, the people lost faith in chanting of mantras.
(e) Caste system: Social system was rigid. There was discrimination among the
different castes. Brahmana’s enjoyed high status. The people became discontented due
to inequality in the society. Shudras had to suffer untold miseries.
(f) Birth of great personalities: Mahaveera and Gautama Buddha who preached
simple principles of life in the language of the common people towards the new faith.
32. ¸ÀªÄÀ ÄzÀæUÀÄ¥ÀÛ£À ¢VédAiÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹?
Explain the conquest of Samudra Gupta?
GvÀÛg:À ¸ÀªÄÀ ÄzÀ£
æ À UÀÄ¥ÀÛ£ÀÄ UÀÄ¥ÀÛ ¸ÀAvÀwAiÀÄ ¥À¹
æ zÀÞgÁd. ¸ÀªÄÀ ÄzÀæ UÀÄ¥ÀÛ£À zÀAqÀ£ÁAiÀÄPÀ ºÁUÀÆ D¸ÁÜ£À
PÀ« ºÀj¸ÉãÀ£ÀÄ gÀa¹gÀĪÀ C®ºÁ¨Ázï ¸ÀÛA¨sÀ ±Á¸À£ª À ÀÅ ¸ÀªÄÀ ÄzÀæ UÀÄ¥ÀÛ£À ¢VédAiÀÄUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß 4 ¨sÁUÀUÀ¼ÁV
«AUÀr¹zÉ. CªÀÅUÀ¼ÉAzÀg,É
1. GvÀÛgÀ ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ zÀAqÀAiÀiÁvÉæ.
2. zÀQët ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ zÀAqÀAiÀiÁvÉæ.
3. CgÀtå gÁdåU¼
À À DPÀª
æ ÀÄt.
4. UÀrgÁdåUÀ¼À DPÀª
æ ÀÄt.
1. GvÀÛgÀ ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ zÀAqÀAiÀiÁvÉæ:- FvÀ£ÄÀ vÀ£ßÀ C¢üPÁgÀzÀ DgÀA¨sz
À À°è DAiÀiÁðªÀvð
À (GvÀÛg¨ À sÁgÀvÀ)
zÀ zÀAqÀAiÀiÁvÉæAiÀÄ°è 9 d£À CgÀ¸À£ÄÀ ß ¸ÉÆð¹zÀ£ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß vÀ£ßÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁædåzÀ°è
¸ÉÃj¸ÀPÆ
É AqÀ£ÄÀ . EzÀ£ÄÀ ß “¢UÀédAiÀÄ ¤Ãw” JAzÀÄ PÀgÉAiÀįÁVzÉ. MA§vÀÄÛ CgÀ¸ÀgÉAzÀgÉ £ÀA¢£ï,
£ÀA¢ªÀªÄÀ ð, ¨Á®ªÀªÀÄð, ZÀAzÀæªÀªÄÀ ð£ï, £ÁUÀ¸ÉãÀ, UÀt¥Àw£ÁUÀ, CZÀÄåvÀ, ªÀiÁw®, gÀÄzÀzæ ÉêÀ.
2. zÀQëtzÀ zÀAqÀAiÀiÁvÉæ:- ¸ÀªÄÀ ÄzÀU æ ÄÀ ¥ÀÛ£ÀÄ zÀQëtzÀ zÀAqÀAiÀiÁvÉæAiÀÄ°è 12 d£À CgÀ¸ÀgÀ£ÄÀ ß
¸ÉÆð¹zÀ£ÄÀ . DzÀgÉ CªÀgÀ gÁdåªÀ£ÄÀ ß CªÀjUÉ »AwgÀÄV¹, PÉêÀ® PÀ¥àÀ PÁtÂPÉUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß ¥Àqz É À£ÀÄ. F
¤ÃwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ‘zsÀªÀÄð«dAiÀÄ’ JAzÀÄ PÀgÉAiÀįÁVzÉ. zÀQëtzÀ°è ¸ÉÆÃvÀ gÁdgÉAzÀgÉ:
1. PÉÆøÀ® ªÀĺÉÃAzÀæ 2. ªÀĺÁPÁAvÀgÀzÀ ªÁåWÀægÁd
3. PËgÁ®zÀ ªÀÄAlgÁd 4. ¦¸ÀÛ¥ÀÄgÀzÀ ªÀĺÉÃAzÀæ
5. PÉÆlÆÖgÀzÀ ¸Áé«ÄzÀvÛÀ 6. AiÀÄgÁAqÀ¥°
À èAiÀÄ zÀªÀÄ£À
7. PÀAaAiÀÄ «µÀÄÚUÆ
É Ã¥À 8. ªÉAVAiÀÄ ºÀ¹ÛªÀªÄÀ ð£ï
9. DªÀÄÄPÀÛzÀ ¤Ã®gÁd 10. ¥sÀ®PÁÌqÀzÀ GUÀ¸
æ ÉãÀ
11. zÉêÀgÁµÀÖçzÀ PÀĨÉÃgÀ 12. PÀĸÀÛ¯Á¥ÀÄgÀzÀ zsÀ£ÀAdAiÀÄ

8
 3. CgÀtågÁdåU¼ À À DPÀæªÀÄt:- ªÀÄzsåÀ ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ CgÀtågÁdåU¼
À À d§â¯ï ¥ÀÄgÀ, gÉêÁ, £ÁUÀ¥ÄÀ gÀ,
¨ÁWÉîRAqÀUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß DPÀæ«Ä¹PÉÆAqÀ.
4. UÀrgÁdåUÀ¼À DPÀæªÀÄt:- UÀrgÁdåUÀ¼ÁzÀ PÁªÀÄgÀÆ¥À, §AUÁ¼ÀzÀ ¸ÀªÄÀ vÀl, ¥ÀAeÁ©£À PÀwæð¥ÀÄgÀ
ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÉÆû® RAqÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß d¬Ä¹zÀ£ÄÀ .
F ¢VédAiÀÄUÀ¼À £ÀAvÀg,À «dAiÀÄzÀ £É£¥ À ÁxÀðªÁV ¸ÀªÄÀ ÄzÀU æ ÄÀ ¥ÀÛ ‘C±ÀéªÉÄÃzsÀ’AiÀiÁUÀ PÉÊUÉÆAqÀ£ÄÀ
ºÁUÀÆ “C±ÀéªÉÄÃzsÀ ¥ÀgÁPÀæªÄÀ ” JA§ ©gÀÄzÀÄ ¥Àqz É À£®À èzÉ, C±ÀéªÉÄÃzsÀzÀ avÀ檣 À ÀÄß¼Àî a£ÀßzÀ £Átå
ºÉÆgÀr¹zÀ£ÄÀ . FvÀ£À ¸ÁªÀiÁædå GvÀÛgz À À°è PÁ²äÃgÀ¢AzÀ : zÀQëtzÀ°è vÀ«Ä¼ÀÄ£Ár£Àªg À U
É É ºÁUÀÆ
¥ÀƪÀðzÀ°è §AUÁ¼À¢AzÀ ¥À²ª Ñ ÀÄzÀ°è ¥ÀAeÁ©£Àªg À U
É É ºÀ©âvÄÀ Û. ¸ÀªÄÀ ÄzÀUæ ÄÀ ¥ÀÛ PÉêÀ® ¢VédAiÀÄ
ªÀiÁvÀæªÁVgÀzÃÉ , CªÀ£ÉƧ⠸ÀAVÃvÀUÁgÀ, PÀ«, «zÁéA¸À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸Á»vÀå ¥ÉÆõÀP£ À ÁVzÀÄÝ ‘PÀ«gÁd’ JA§
©gÀÄzÀÄ ¥Àq¢É zÀÝ£ÄÀ .

Ans: Samudragupta was the greatest king of the Gupta dynasty who rules for 40 years.
He was an ambitious ruler and wanted to be a ‘Chakravarthi (Emperor)’. The Allahabad
pillar inscription issued by his court poet Harisena, gives us a reliable source to know
about Samudragupta’s conquests and great qualities. The conquest of Samudragupta
may be divided into four groups.
(1) North Indian Campaign: The early years of his regime were spent in subduing the
provinces of gangetic plain called plain called ‘Aryavastha’. According to the Allahabad
inscription he defeated nine kings in his Northern Campaign and annexed them into his
empire. He called it as ‘Digvijaya’. The nine kings of Aryavastha defeated by
Samudrappa were Nandi, Balavarman, Achutha, Mathila and Rudradeva, Nagadatta,
Chandravarman, Nagasens, Ganapathingaga.
(2) Conquests of forest kingdom: Samudragupta conquered the forest kingdom of
Jabbalpura, Reva, Nagapura and Bhagelkh and in the vindhya region (Central India)
(3) South Indian Campaign: After firmly consolidating his authority in the north.
Samudragupta turned his attention towards his south and he launched an expedition and
his army travelled for about 3000 miles. Samudragupta defeated twelve kings of South
India. Twelve south Indian kings defeated by Samudragupta are :-
1. Mahendra of Kosala, 2. Swamydatta of Kottura
3. Neelaraja of Avamuktha 4. Vyagraraja of Mahakanthara
5. Damana of Yarandapalli 6. Ugrasena of Palakkad
7. Mantharaja of Kowrala 8. Vishnugopa of Kanchi
9. Kubera of Devarasthra 10. Mahendra of Pistapura
11. Hasthivarman of Vengi 12. Dhanjaya of Kustalapura.

9
(4) Conquests of Border States: The boundary state conquered by Samudragupta was
Kamarupa in Assam, Samatata in Bengal, Karthipura in Punjab and Rohilkhand.
After these conquests, Samudragupta performed “Ashwamedha Sacrifice” to
commemorate his victory. He took the title ‘Ashwamedha parakrama’. He issued gold
coins with the figure of horse on them. They were one among the eight types of gold
coins issued by him. His empire extended from Kashmir in the North to Tamilnadu in
the South and Punjab in the West Bengal in the East. Samudragupta was not only a
conqueror but also a Musician, poet, scholar and a patron of literature. He had a title
‘kaviraja’.
33. ºÉÆAiÀÄì¼À ªÁ¸ÀÄÛ±ÉÊ°AiÀÄ ¥Àª
æ ÀÄÄR ®PÀëtUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹?
Expalin the main features of Hoysala Architecure?
GvÀÛg:À ºÉÆAiÀÄì¼ÀgÀÄ vÀªÄÀ ä zÉêÁ®AiÀÄUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß “ªÉøÀgÀ ±ÉÊ°” AiÀÄ°è ¤«Äð¹zÀÄÝ, EzÀ£ÀÄß “ºÉÆAiÀÄì¼À
±ÉÊ°” JAzÀÆ PÀgÉAiÀįÁVzÉ.
®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ:
1. £ÀPëÀvÁæPÁgÀzÀ vÀ¼À¥ÁAiÀÄ
2. ¸ÀÄ.4 Cr JvÀÛgÀzÀ £ÀPÀëvÀæPÁgÀzÀ dUÀw.
3. ºÉÆgÀ ¥ÀæzÀQëuÁ ¥ÀxÀ
4. ªÉÊ«zsåÀ ªÀÄAiÀÄ gÀZÀ£É «£Áå¸ÀUÀ½AzÀ PÀÆrgÀĪÀ £ÀÄtÄ¥ÁzÀ PÀA§UÀ¼ÀÄ.
5. ¸ÀÄAzÀgÀªÁzÀ PÉwÛgÀĪÀ ªÀÄzÀ¤PÉAiÀÄgÀ «UÀæºÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
6. zÉêÁ®AiÀÄzÀ ªÉÄïÁÒªÀtÂAiÀÄ°è ¸ÀÄAzÀgÀ PÉvÀۣɬÄAzÀ PÀÆrzÀ ¨sÀĪÀ£ÃÉ ±Àéj «UÀæºÀ.
7. ¦gÁ«ÄrØ£ÁPÁgÀzÀ «ªÀiÁ£À (²RgÀ)
8. «±Á®ªÁzÀ £Àªg À A
À UÀ.
9. MAzÀjAzÀ LzÀÄ UÀ¨sÀðUÀȺÀU¼ À ÀÄ (KPÀPÀÆl, ¢éPÀÆl, wæPÆ À l, ZÀvÀĵÀÆÌl, ¥ÀAZÀPÆ
À l)
GzÁ:- KPÀPÆ À l - ¨ÉîÆj£À ZÀ£ÀßPÉñÀªÀ
¢éPÀÆl - ºÀ¼É©Ãr£À ºÉÆAiÀÄì¼ÉñÀégÀ zÉêÁ®AiÀÄ
wæPÀÆl - ¸ÉÆêÀÄ£ÁxÀ¥ÄÀ gÀzÀ PÉñÀªÀ zÉêÁ®AiÀÄ
ZÀvÀĵÀÆÌn - zÉÆqÀØUzÀ Àݪ½À îAiÀÄ ®Qëöä zÉêÁ®AiÀÄ
¥ÀAZÀPÀÆl - UÉÆëAzÀ£À ºÀ½îAiÀÄ ¥ÀAZÀ°AUÉñÀégÀ zÉêÁ®AiÀÄ
EvÀgÉ zÉêÁ®AiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ:
QÃwð£ÁgÁAiÀÄt - vÀ®PÁqÀÄ
ºÀjºÀgÃÉ ±ÀégÀ - ºÀjºÀgÀ
²ªÀ zÉêÁ®AiÀÄ - §APÁ¥ÀÄgÀ
CªÀÄÈvÉñÀégÀ - CªÀÄÈvÀ¥ÄÀ gÀ
«ÃgÀ§¯Áè¼À - CgÀ¹ÃPÉgÉ

10
Ans: Hoysalas combined Besara and Dravida styles and developed a new style of
Architechture called ‘Hoysala sytle’. The main features of this style are:
1. Star shaped base
2. As star platform (Jagati) of about feet high.
3. The Jagati around the temple is the open pradakshinapatha.
4. Polished pillars with variety of designs.
5. Elaborate carvings and beautifully carved Madanika figures.
6. Spacious Navaranga (Central hall).
7. The Bhuvaneshwari (carved ceiling).
8. The Vimana (Shikara) in a pyramidical shape.
9. Garbhagruhas ranging from one to five (Ekakuta, Dwikuta, Thrikuta, Chathushkuta
and Panchakuta).
For example: Channakeshava (Ekakuta) At Belur, Hoysaleshwara (Dwikuta) at
Halebeedu, Keshava (Thrikuta) at Somanathapura, Lakshmi (Chathuskuta) at
Doddagaddavalli, Panchalingeshwara (Panchakuta) at Govindanahalli, Keerthinarayana
at Talakadu, Harihareshwara at Harihara, Shiva at Bankapura, Amrutheshwara at
Amruthapura, Veeraballala temple at Arasikere etc.,

34. C¯ÁèªÀÅ¢Ýãï T°ÓAiÀÄ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß w½¹?

Explain the reforms of Alla-Ud-din-Khilji?
GvÀÛg:À C¯ÁèªÀÅ¢Ýãï M§â ¥À槮 ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀªÄÀ xÀð DqÀ½vÀUÁgÀ£ÁVzÀÄÝ, ‘zÉÊ«PÀ ºÀQÌ£À ¹zÁÞvÀ’ zÀ°è
£ÀA©PÉ ºÉÆA¢zÀÝ£ÄÀ .
DqÀ½vÀ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÉUÀ¼ÀÄ:
gÁdåzÀ°è zÀAUÉUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß vÀqÉUÀlÖ®Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÀ£ßÀ ¸ÁÜ£ÀªiÀ Á£À ºÉaѹPÉƼÀî®Ä ºÀ®ªÁgÀÄ PÀæªÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß
PÉÊUÉÆAqÀ£ÄÀ .

 ¸ÀgÀzÁgÀ£ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ C¢üPÁjUÀ¼À ªÉʪÁ»PÀ ¸ÀA§AzsÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß ¤§ðA¢ü¹zÀ£ÄÀ .

 ¸ÀgÀzÁgÀ£ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ²æêÀÄAvÀ UÀÄ¥ÀÛ ¸À¨sÉ, OvÀtPÀÆlªÀ£ÄÀ ß ¤µÉâü¹zÀ£ÄÀ .
 ªÀÄzsåÀ ¥Á£À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ dÆeÁl ¤µÉâü¹zÀ£ÄÀ vÁ£ÀÆ ªÀÄzsåÀ ¸ÉêÀ£É ¤°è¹zÀ£ÄÀ .
 ²æêÀÄAvÀgÀ D¹Û ªÀÄÄlÄÖUÉÆÃ®Ä ºÁQPÉƼÀî¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ.
 DqÀ½vÀz°
À è G¯ÉêÀÄgÀ ºÀ¸ÀÛPÉëÃ¥À vÀqz
É À£ÄÀ .
 UÀÆqÁZÁgÀ ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀÄ£ÀÄß GvÀÛªÀÄ¥Àr¹zÀ£ÄÀ .

11
¸ÉʤPÀ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÉ:-

 ¸ÁªÀiÁædåzÀ gÀPÀëuÉUÁV ¥À槮 ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §ÈºÀvï ¸ÀªÀð¸À£ßÀ zÀÞ ¸ÉÊ£ÀåªÀ£ÄÀ ß ElÄÖPÆ

É AqÀ£ÄÀ .
 ¸ÉÊ£ÀåzÀ°è PÀÄzÀÄgÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÉʤPÀgÀ ¸ÀļÀÄî ªÀiÁ»w vÀ¦à¸À®Ä PÀÄzÀÄgÉUÀ½UÉ ªÀÄÄzÉæ ºÁPÀĪÀ (zÁWï)
¥ÀzÞÀ w ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÉʤPÀgÀ «ªÀgÀuÁvÀäPÀ zÁR¯ÉUÀ¼À ¤ªÀðºÀuÉ eÁjUÉƽ¹zÀ£ÄÀ .
 eÁVÃgï ¥ÀzÞÀ w gÀzÀÄÝUÆ
É ½¹, ºÀtzÀ gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ°è ªÉÃvÀ£À ¤ÃqÀ¯ÁgÀA©ü¹zÀ£ÄÀ .
 M§â ¸ÉʤPÀ¤UÉ ªÁ¶ðPÀ 234 lAPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÉÃvÀ£À ¤UÀ¢U ü Æ
É ½¹¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ. C®èzÉ JgÀqÄÀ PÀÄzÀÄgÉU½
À UÉ
¤ªÀðºÀuÉUÉ ºÉZÀÄѪÀj 78 lAPÀUÀ¼À ªÉÃvÀ£À ¤UÀ¢U
ü Éƽ¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ.
 ¸ÉʤPÀgÀ £ÉêÀÄPÁwUÁV “Djeï-E-ªÀiÁªÀÄ®Pï” JA§ C¢üPÁjAiÀÄ£ÀÄß £ÉëĹzÀ£ÄÀ .
PÀAzÁAiÀÄ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÉ:

 ªÉÊeÁÕ¤PÀªÁV ¨sÀÆ ªÀiÁ¥À£À ªÀiÁr PÀAzÁAiÀÄ ¤UÀ¢üUÉƽ¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ.

 ¸Àzg
À ÁgÀgÄÀ , ²æêÀÄAvÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ G¯ÉêÀÄgÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É ºÉaÑ£À vÉjUÉ «¢ü¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ.
 ªÀÄĹèªÉÄÃvÀgg
À À ªÉÄÃ¯É ‘dfAiÀiÁ’, ‘AiÀiÁvÁæ vÉjUÉ’ «¢ü¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ.
 PÀAzÁAiÀiÁ¢üPÁjUÀ¼À ±ÉÆõÀuÉ vÀ¦à¸À®Ä CªÀgÀ ªÉÃvÀ£À ºÉaѹzÀ£ÀÄ.
 gÉÊvÀgÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É PÀAzÁAiÀiÁ¢üPÁgÀU¼
À À ±ÉÆõÀuÉ vÀ¦à¸À®Ä CªÀgÀ PÀëÄ®èPÀ vÀ¥ÄÀ àUÀ½UÀÆ GUÀæªÁzÀ ²PÉë
¤ÃqÀÄwÛzÀÝ£ÄÀ .
 “ªÀĸÀÛPïgÁeï” JA§ PÀAzÁAiÀiÁ¢üPÁjAiÀÄ£ÀÄß £ÉëĹzÀ£ÄÀ .
ªÀiÁgÀÄPÀmÉÖ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÉ/DyðPÀ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÉ:
§qÀvÀ£À ¸ÉÊ£ÀåzÀ ¤ªÀðºÀuÉUÁV ªÀiÁgÀÄPÀmÉÖ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÉ eÁjUÉƽ¹zÀ£ÄÀ . zÉÊ£ÀA¢£À §¼ÀPÉAiÀÄ J¯Áè
ªÀ¸ÀÄÛU¼
À À zÀgU
À ¼
À À£ÄÀ ß ¤UÀ¢üUÆ
É ½¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ. CzÉà ¨É¯ÉUÉ ªÀ¸ÀÄÛU¼
À À£ÄÀ ß ªÀiÁgÀ¨ÉÃPÁVvÀÄÛ.

GzÁ:- UÉÆâü ¥ÀæwªÀÄtPÉÌ – 71/2 fvÁ¯ï, ªÀiÁgÀÄPÀmÉÖAiÀÄ ¤ªÀðºÀuÉUÁV «±ÉõÀ C¢üPÁjUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
¥Àv
æ ÉåÃPÀ E¯ÁSÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸Áܦ¸À¯ÁVvÀÄÛ. ºÉaÑ£À GvÁàzÀ£A
É iÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÀPÁðj GUÁætzÀ°è ¸ÀAUÀ滹 PÁëªÀÄ,
vÀÄvÀÄð ¸ÀAzÀ¨Àð
s zÀ°è G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸À¯ÁUÀÄwÛvÀÄÛ. vÀÆPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ C¼ÀvU É ¼
À À°è ªÀAa¹zÀgÉ, ªÀAavÀgÀ£ÄÀ ß
PÀptªÁV ²Që¸À¯ÁUÀÄwÛvÀÄÛ.

Ans: (a) Administrative Reforms : Allah-ud-din Khilji was a strong and an efficient
ruler. He set up a strong central government and he was the authority of the state and
believed in the theory of divine right. The Sultan considered himself a representative of
God or ‘Shadow of God’ on earth.
He took various measures for the prevention of rebellions.
 Restricting matrimonial relations among nobles and officers.
 Prohibiting secret meetings and parties.
 Appointing spies to keep an eye on them.
12
  Confiscating their excess wealth.
 Prohibiting wine and gambling etc.,
(b) Military reforms.
 Allah-ud-din maintained a strong and huge standing army to safeguard his
empire. He introduced the system of branding of horses (dagh)
 Maintenance of descriptive register of soldiers to prevent false musters and
corrupt practices.
 He abolished Jagir system and paid the salaries in cash.
 He fixed the pay of soldiers at 234 tanks a year, with an additional 78 tanks for
a solider maintaining two horse.
 Ariz-i-Mumalik was in charge of the appointment of soldiers.
(c) Revenue reforms:
 Alla-ud din Khilji introduced scientific method of measurement of land for the
assessment of land revenue.
 He imposed heavy taxes on the sardars. Jagirdas and Ulemas, Jazia was
imposed on non-muslims, they had to pay it along with other taxes like pilgrim
tax, octroi etc.,
 In order to check bribery and corruption among revenue officials the salaries
were increased.
 The post of special officer called ‘Mustakhraj’ was created to collect land
revenue from the peasants.
 He took steps to safeguard the peasants from the demands of corrupt revenue
officials by imposing strict punishment even for petty offences.
(d) Economic reforms (Market regulation): Alla-ud-din introduced the market
regulation to help soldiers and to make ends meet. Prices of all articles of common use
were fixed. Separate department and special officers were appointed to regulate the
market. The price fixed in the capital was applicable to all towns. For ex: Wheat per
man 71/2 % Jitals. Grains were stored in government granaries. The storage was meant
for emergencies like time of scarcity and famine. Cheaters were severely punished.

35. vÁ½PÉÆÃmÉAiÀÄ PÀz£

À ÀzÀ PÁgÀtUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀŪÀÅ?
What were the causes and results of the Battle of Talikote?
GvÀÛg:À 23 d£Àªj À 1565gÀ°è £Àqz É À vÁ½PÉÆÃmÉ PÀz£ À ÀªÅÀ «dAiÀÄ£ÀUÀgÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁædåzÀ EwºÁ¸Àz° À è
¤uÁðAiÀÄPÀ AiÀÄÄzÀÞªÁVzÀÄÝ, §ºÀªÀĤgÁdåzÀ µÁ» ¸ÀįÁÛ£ÀgÀ MPÀÆÌl ¸ÉÃ£É ªÀÄvÀÄÛ «dAiÀÄ£ÀUgÀ z
À À CgÀ¸À
C½AiÀÄ gÁªÀÄgÁAiÀÄ£À £ÀqÄÀ ªÉ £Àq¬ É ÄvÀÄ. EzÀ£ÄÀ ß ‘gÀPÌÀ ¸À-vÀAUÀr PÀz£
À À’ JAvÀ®Æ, ‘§£ÀߺÀnÖ’
PÀz£
À ÀªA
É vÀ®Æ PÀgÉAiÀįÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

13
PÁgÀtUÀ¼ÀÄ:-
1. zÉÆ-C¨ï ¥ÀæzÉñÀzÀ ªÉÄð£À ¥À¨ æ ÄsÀ vÀé:- ¥sÀ®ªÀvÁÛzÀ PÀȵÁÚ-vÀÄAUÁ¨sÀzÁæ £À¢UÀ¼À £ÀqÄÀ «£À ¥ÀæzÉñÀzÀ
ªÉÄÃ¯É C¢ü¥v
À Àå ¸Á¢ü¸À®Ä ªÀiÁrzÀ ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀß AiÀÄÄzÀÞPÉÌ PÁgÀtªÁ¬ÄvÀÄ.
2. zsÁ«ÄðPÀ ©ü£ÀßvÉ:- «dAiÀÄ£ÀUÀgÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ µÁ» ¸ÀįÁÛ£ÀgÀ £ÀqÄÀ «£À zsÁ«ÄðPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÁA¸ÀÌøwPÀ
©ü£ßÀ vÉAiÀÄ AiÀÄÄzÀÞPÌÉ PÁgÀtªÁ¬ÄvÀÄ.
3. C½AiÀÄ gÁªÀÄgÁAiÀÄ£À ¤Ãw:- PÀȵÀÚzÉêÀgÁAiÀÄ£À C½AiÀÄ CgÀ«ÃqÀÄ ªÀA±ÀzÀ C½AiÀÄ gÁªÀÄgÁAiÀÄ£ÀÄ,
¸ÀzÁ²ªÀgÁAiÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CZÀÄåvÀgÁAiÀÄgÀ£ÄÀ ß £ÁªÀĪÀiÁvÀæ gÁdgÀ£ÁßV¹ ¸ÀªÁð¢üPÁjAiÀiÁV D½éPÉ
ªÀiÁrzÀ£ÀÄ. EªÀ£À µÁ» ¸ÀįÁÛ£ÀgÀ £ÀqÄÀ ªÉ MqÉzÄÀ D¼ÀĪÀ ¤ÃwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß C£ÀĸÀj¹. CªÀgÀ DAvÀjPÀ
PÀZÁÑlzÀ°è ºÀ¸ÀÛPÉëÃ¥À ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ¯Á¨sÀ ªÀiÁrPÉƼÀîwÛzÀÝ£ÄÀ . EzÀjAzÀ JZÉv Ñ ÀÛ µÁ» ¸ÀįÁÛ£ÀgÄÀ vÀªÀÄä
ªÉʪÀÄ£À¸ÀÄì §¢VlÄÖ «dAiÀÄ£ÀUÀgÀzÀ «gÀÄzÀÞ ©eÁ¥ÀÄgÀ, CºÀªÀÄzï£ÀUg À ,À UÉÆîÌAqÀ ºÁUÀÆ ©ÃzÀgïUÀ¼À
µÁ» ¸ÀįÁÛ£ÀgÄÀ ¸ÉÃj MPÀÆÌlªÀ£ÄÀ ß gÀa¹PÉÆAqÀgÄÀ .
vÀPÀëtzÀ PÁgÀt:- ©eÁ¥ÀÄgÀzÀ D° D¢¯ï µÁ C½AiÀÄ gÁªÀÄgÁAiÀÄ£ÀÄß gÁAiÀÄZÀÆgÀÄ PÉÆÃmÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
»AwgÀÄV¸ÀĪÀAvÉ MvÁ۬ĹzÀ£ÄÀ . EzÀ£ÄÀ ß ¤gÁPÀj¹zÀ C½AiÀÄ gÁªÀÄgÁAiÀÄ-AiÀÄÄzÀÞ ¨sÆ
À «ÄAiÀÄ°è ªÀÄgÀ½
¥ÀqA É iÀÄ®Ä w½¹zÀÄzÀÄ F AiÀÄÄzÀÞPÉÌ vÀPëÀtzÀ PÁgÀtªÁ¬ÄvÀÄ.
AiÀÄÄzÀÞzÀ UÀw: 1565 d£ÀªjÀ 23gÀ ªÀÄAUÀ¼ÀªÁgÀ £Àqz É À ©üÃPÀgÀ AiÀÄÄzÀÞz°À è 90 ªÀµð À zÀ C½AiÀÄ
gÁªÀÄgÁAiÀÄ «ÃgÁªÉñÀ¢AzÀ ºÉÆÃgÁqÀÄwÛzÀÄÝ, «dAiÀÄ£ÀUÀgÀ ‘¸ÉÊ£ÀåzÀ PÉÊ’ ªÉÄïÁVvÀÄÛ. DzÀgÉ C½AiÀÄ
gÁªÀÄgÁAiÀÄ£À£ÀÄß ¸ÉgÉ»rzÀ §ºÀªÄÀ ¤ ¸ÉʤPÀgÀÄ gÁªÀÄgÁAiÀÄ£À ²gÀ±ÒÉ ÃzÀ ªÀiÁr gÀtgÀAUÀz° À è
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UɮĪÁ¬ÄvÀÄ.
¥ÀjuÁªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ:
1. «dAiÀÄ£ÀUg À À ¸ÁªÀiÁædåªÀÅ vÀ£ßÀ ªÉʨsª
À À PÀ¼ÉzÄÀ PÉÆArvÀÄ. µÁ» ¸ÀįÁÛ£ÀgÄÀ «dAiÀÄ£ÀUg
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wAUÀ¼ÀÄUÀ¼À PÁ® ®Æn ªÀiÁrzÀgÀÄ.
2. «dAiÀÄ£ÀUÀgÀzÀ CgÀ¸ÀgÀ ¨ÉA§®«®èzÉ, ¥ÉÆÃZÀÄðVøÀgÀ ªÁå¥ÁgÀ ZÀlĪÀnPÉU¼
À ÀÄ PÉêÀ® UÉÆêÁPÉÌ
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3. ±ÀÈAUÉÃj, wgÀÄ¥Àw, ²æñÉÊ®, PÁ¼Àº¹ À Û ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀ zsÁ«ÄðPÀ PÉÃAzÀæU½
À UÉ ¹UÀÄwÛzÀÝ zÀwÛ ¤AvÀÄ
ºÉÆìÄvÀÄ. zsÁ«ÄðPÀ ¨É¼Àªt
À ÂUU
É É »£ÀßqÉAiÀiÁ¬ÄvÀÄ.
4. «dAiÀÄ£ÀUÀgÀzÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁædåzÀ DqÀ½vÀªÅÀ DAzs¥
Àæ z
Àæ ÉñÀzÀ ¥É£ÄÀ UÉÆAqÀUÆ
À £ÀAvÀgÀ ZÀAzÀV
æ jUÀÆ
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À Æ
É ArvÀÄ.
5. «dAiÀÄ£ÀUÀgÀ ¸ÁªÀÄAvÀgÁVzÀÝ £ÁAiÀÄPÀgÀÄ, ¥Á¼ÉÃUÁgÀgÄÀ ¸ÀévÀAvÀægÁzÀgÀÄ. EzÀjAzÀ «dAiÀÄ£ÀUÀgÀ
¸ÁªÀiÁædå «WÀl£ÉAiÀiÁ¬ÄvÀÄ.

14
Ans: The battle of Talikote was a decisive battle in the history of Vijayanagar Empire.
This battle was fought between the village of Rakkasa and Tangadagi near Talikote.
Aliya Ramaraya was the leader of the Vijayanagara troops. On the opposite side was the
coalition army of Shahi Sultans.
Causes:
(1) Supremacy over the Doab region: The fertile Doab region between the rivers
Krishna and Tungabhadra became a bone of contention between the two powers and
hence responsible for this battle.
(2) Religious differences: The religious and cultural difference between the
Vijayanagara and Shahi Sultans became one of the causes for the battle.
(3) The policy of Aliya Ramaraya: Ramaraya of the Aravidu family married the
daughter of Krishnadevarayaa and became famous as Aliya Ramaraya. He became a
‘Defacto’ ruler during the reign of Achyutaraya and Sadashivaraya. He interfered in the
internal disputes of the Shahis. He followed the policyof divide and rule with the
Shashis of Bijapura and Ahmadnagar. The Shashis forgot theirenemity andunited
through various alliances and matrimonial relations. All these event sled to the
formation of the grand Shahi confederacy, consisting of Bijapura, Ahmadnagar,
Golkonds and Bidar.
(4) Immediate Cause: Ali Adil Shah of Bijapura demanded the return of Raichur from
Aliya Ramaraya. Ramaray are refused and asked the Sultan to take it in the battle field.
This was the immediate cause for the battle.
Course: The battle was fought on Tuesday, 23rd 1565 CE Aliya Ramaraya, was about
90 years old fought bravely in the battle. In the beginning Vijayanagara forces gained
upper hand. But Ramaraya was captured by the shahi soldiers was beheaded. This
created panic among the vijayanagar soldiers they ran away from the battlefiled .
Finally, the Shahi Sulthans won the battle.
Results:
(1) The Vijayanagar empire lost its glory. The successful Shahi army looted the city of
Vijayanagara from many months.
(2) The Portuguese were restricted to Goa region without the support of Vijayanagar. It
was a setback to their trade.
(3) Religious endowments to centers like Sringeri, Tirupatim Shrishaila and Kalahasti
stopped. This was an obstacle to the development of the religion.
15
(4) Aravindu dynastry, which started its rule from Penugonds and Chandragiri in
Andhra Pradesh was unable to gain control over the region of South India.
(5) The feudatories of Vijayanagara Empire like Nayaka and Palegars became
independent.
36. ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ-zsÁ«ÄðPÀ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÁ ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½AiÀÄ°è gÁeÁgÁªÀÄ ªÉÆúÀ£ïgÁAiÀiïgÀÄ ªÀ»¹zÀ
¥ÁvÀæªÀ£ÄÀ ß «ªÀj¹?
Describe the role of Raja Rammohan Roy in Socio-religious movement?
GvÀÛg:À zÀAiÀiÁ£ÀAzÀ ¸ÀgÀ¸ÀéwAiÀĪÀgÀÄ 1824 Qæ.±À gÀ°è UÀÄdgÁw£À vÀAPÁgÀ JA§°è ¸ÀA¥ÀæzÁAiÀĸÀÜ ¨ÁæºÀät
PÀÄlÄA§ªÉÇAzÀgÀ°è d¤¹zÀgÀÄ. vÀAzÉ-PÀȵÁßf wªÁj, vÁ¬Ä-AiÀıÉÆÃzsÀ¨Á¬Ä. EªÀgÀ ªÉÆzÀ® ºÉ¸ÀgÄÀ
ªÀÄÆ®±ÀAPÀg.À 21£Éà ªÀAiÀĹìUÉ EªÀjUÉ ªÀÄzÀÄªÉ ¤±ÀA Ñ iÀĪÁVvÀÄÛ. EzÀ£ÄÀ ß «gÉÆâü¹ ªÀÄ£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß vÉÆgÉzÀÄ
¸À£Áå¹AiÀiÁzÀgÄÀ . ªÉÃzÀUÀ¼À°è C¥ÁgÀ ¥ÁArvÀåªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢zÀÝgÀÄ. »AzÀÆ zsÀªÀÄðzÀ DZÀgÀuÉUÀ¼ÁzÀ
ªÀÄÆwð¥ÀÆeÉ, wÃxÀðAiÀiÁvÉU æ ¼
À ÀÄ, eÁw¥ÀzÞÀ w, ¸Àw¥ÀzÀÞw, ¨Á®å«ªÁºÀ, §ºÀÄ¥ÀwßvÀéU¼ À À£ÄÀ ß nÃQ¹zÀgÀÄ.
EªÀgÀÄ ¹Ûçà ²PÀët ªÀÄvÀÄÛ «zsª À Á ªÀÄgÀÄ«ªÁºÀ, »A¢ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøvÀ ¨sÁµÉU¼ À À£ÄÀ ß ¥ÀZ
æ ÁgÀ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀgÀ
CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉ MwÛ ºÉýzÀgÀÄ. CAvÀgï eÁw «ªÁºÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸Àº¨ À Æ
sÉ Ãd£ÀUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß ¥ÉÆæÃvÁ컹zÀ£ÄÀ .
1875gÀ°è zÀAiÀiÁ£ÀAzÀ ¸ÀgÀ¸ÀéwAiÀĪÀgÀÄ “DAiÀÄð¸ÀªiÀ Ád”ªÀ£ÄÀ ß ¨ÁA¨ÉAiÀÄ°è ¸Áܦ¹zÀgÀÄ. E¸ÁèA ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
Qæ²AÑ iÀÄ£ï zsÀªÀÄðPÉÌ ªÀÄvÁAvÀgÀUÉÆArzÀݪg À ÀÄß »AzÀÆ – zsÀªÀÄðPÉÌ ªÀÄvÉÛ PÀgÉvg
À £ À ®
À Ä EªÀgÀÄ ‘±ÀÄ¢Þ
ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½”AiÀÄ£ÀÄß DgÀA©ü¹zÀgÀÄ. EAvÀºÀ d£Àg£ À ÀÄß »AzÀÆzsª
À ÀÄðPÉÌ ªÀÄgÀ½ ¸ÉÃj¹PÉƼÀî¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ.
zÀAiÀiÁ£ÀAzÀgÄÀ ¨Á®PÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¨Á®QAiÀÄjUÁV C£ÉÃPÀ ±ÉÊPÀëtÂPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜU¼ À À£ÄÀ ß DgÀA©ü¹zÀgÄÀ .
DAiÀÄð¸ÀªiÀ ÁdzÀ vÀvÀéU¼ À ÀÄ ¯Á¯Á®d¥ÀvÀgÁAiÀiï, ªÀĺÁvÀä ºÀA¸ÀgÁeï, UÀÄgÀÄzÀvÛÀ «zÁåyð, ¸Áé«Ä
±ÀæzÁÞ£ÀAzÀg£
À ÀÄß DPÀ¶ð¹zÀªÅÀ . zÀAiÀiÁ£ÀAzÀ ¸ÀgÀ¸ÀéwAiÀĪÀgÀÄ “¸ÀvÁåxÀð¥ÀæPÁ±À: JA§ PÀÈwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
gÀa¹zÁÝgÉ. “ªÉÃzÀUÀ½UÉ »AwgÀÄV” JA§ÄzÀÄ EªÀgÀÄ d£ÀjUÉ PÉÆlÖ ¥Àæ¹zÀÞ PÀgA É iÀiÁVvÀÄÛ.

Ans: Raja Ram Mohan Roy is called the ‘Father of Indian Renaissance’ and ‘Morning
star of Indian Renaissance’. He was born in1774 at Radhanagar in Bengal. Ramakant
Roy and Tarinidevi were his parents. Ram Mohan Roy was a great scholar and was
proficient in many languages. He had deep knowledge of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity
and Sufism. He was very much influenced of English language and western thought.
Brahmasamaj: Raja Ram Mohan Roy established the Brahma Samaji in 1828 at
Calcutta. Brahma Samaj taught that ‘God is one, every religion possesses truth, idol
worship and ritualism are meaningless and social evils have no connection with
religion.’ The Brahma Samaj led crusade against the practice of Sati, polygamy, child
marriages, widow remarriages and women’s education. It started many educational
institutions, published newspapers, magazines, arranged lectures, and tours for its
member to come in direct contact with the people. Mohan Roy was one of the earliest to
16
propagate modern education. He maintained in English school at Calcutta at his own
cost. He established a Vedanta college, where Indian knowledge and western science
were taught. He supported Lord William Bentinck and got Sati prohibition Act passed
in 1829 CE. He published a Bengali journal Samvad Kaumudi.
IV. 37. ¤ªÀÄUÉ MzÀV¹gÀĪÀ ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ ¨sÆ
À ¥ÀlzÀ°è F PɼÀV£À AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÆ
À 5 ¸ÀܼÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß UÀÄwð¹
ºÁUÀÆ CzÀgÀ §UÉÎ 1 ªÀÄvÀÄÛ 2 ªÁPÀåUÀ¼À°è «ªÀgÀuÉ ¤Ãr. 5 X 2 = 10
Mark any five of the following place an outline map of India given to you and
add an explanatory note on each marked place in one or two sentences.

1. ©ÃzÀgï - Bidar
2. ²æÃgÀAUÀ¥ÀlÖt - Srirangapattana
3. PÀ®ÌvÀÛ - Calcutta
4. zɺ° À - Delhi
5. ¥ÁtÂ¥Àvï _ Panipat
6. vÀPëÀ²¯Á _ Takshashila
7. ºÀA¦ _ Hampi
8. ¥Ál°Ã¥ÀÄvÀæ - Pataliputra
9. d°AiÀÄ£ï ªÁ®¨ÁUï _ Jallian Walabagh

17
V. F PɼÀV£À MAzÀÄ ¥Àæ±ÉßUÉ 30-40 ªÁPÀåzÀ°è GvÀÛj¹.
Answer any one of the following in 30 to 40 sentence. 1 X 10 = 10

38. UÀÄ¥ÀÛgÀ PÁ®ªÀ£ÄÀ ß ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ EwºÁ¸Àz° À è “¸ÀĪÀtðAiÀÄÄUÀ” JAzÀÄ KPÉ PÀgÉAiÀÄÄvÁÛg?É

Why is Gupta age called “ The Golden Age” in Indian History?
GvÀÛg:À ¨sÁgÀwÃAiÀÄ EwºÁ¸Àz° À è UÀÄ¥ÀÛgÀ PÁ®ªÀÅ «²µÀ× ¸ÁÜ£ª À À£ÄÀ ß ¥Àq¢
É zÉ. F AiÀÄÄUÀzÀ ¸ÀªÁðAVÃt
¨É¼ÀªtÀ ÂU¬
É ÄAzÁV AiÀÄÄgÉÆæ£À §gÀºU À ÁgÀgÄÀ F PÁ®ªÀ£ÄÀ ß Væøï£À ¥ÀjPÀè¸ï, gÉÆêÀÄ£ï CUÀ¸ÀÖ¸ï
¹Ãdgï, EAUÉèÃr£À gÁt J°f¨Évï¼À PÁ®PÉÌ ºÉÆð¹zÁÝg.É zsÀªÀÄð, ²PÀët, ¸Á»vÀå, ªÁ¸ÀÄÛ²®à, «eÁÕ£À,
vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£À PÉëÃvÀæUÀ¼À°è CªÀgÀ ¸Ázs£À ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß F PɼÀPÀAqÀAvÉ £ÉÆÃqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ.
»AzÀÆ zsÀªÀÄðzÀ ¥ÀÄ£ÀgÀÄvÁÜ£:À - UÀÄ¥ÀÛgÀ D½éPÉAiÀÄ ¥ÀƪÀðzÀ°è eÉÊ£ÀzÀsªÀÄð ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¨ËzÀÞzª sÀ ÀÄðzÀ
¥À¨
æ sÁªÀ¢AzÁV »AzÀÆ zsÀªÄÀ ð gÁdzsÀªÄÀ ðªÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. DzÁUÀÆå ¨ËzÀÞzsÀªÀÄð ªÀÄvÀÄÛ eÉÊ£Àzª sÀ ÀÄðzÀ PÀqUÉ É
¸À»µÀÄÚU¼ À ÁVzÀÝgÀÄ. ªÉÊ¢üPÀ «¢ü «zsÁ£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ. ¸ÀA¥ÀæzÁAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ, AiÀÄdÕAiÀiÁUÀU¼ À À DZÀgÀuÉUÀ¼ÀÆ ¥ÁæªÀÄÄRå
¥Àqz É ÀªÅÀ . CªÀgÄÀ ªÉʵÀÚªÀ zsÀªÀÄðzÀ C£ÀÄAiÀiÁ¬ÄUÀ¼ÁVzÀÄÝ, ‘¥Àgª À ÀĨsÁUÀªv À À’ JA§ ©gÀÄzÀ£ÀÄß
ºÉÆA¢zÀÝgÀÄ. EªÀgÀ PÁ®zÀ°è ±ÉʪÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ±ÁPÀÛ¥ÀAxÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀºÀ d£À¦A æ iÀĪÁVzÀݪÅÀ .
²PÀët:- UÀÄ¥ÀÛ gÁdgÀÄ ¸ÀévÀB «zÁéA¸ÀgÀÄ, PÀ«UÀ¼ÀÄ DVzÀÄÝ, ²PÀëtzÀ ªÀĺÁ£ï ¥ÉÆõÀPg À ÁVzÀÝgÄÀ , vÀPëÀ²®,
£À¼ÀAzÀ CdAvÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÁgÀ£ÁxÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ºÉ¸ÀgÁAvÀ «±Àé«zÁ央AiÀÄUÀ¼ÁVzÀݪÅÀ . «zÉñÀU½ À AzÀ
«zÁåyðUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß DPÀ¶ð¹zÀݪÅÀ . ¥Ál°¥ÀÄvÀæ, ªÀ®è©ü ¥À¹ æ zÀÞ ²PÀët PÉÃAzÀæUÀ¼ÁVzÀݪÅÀ . EªÀgÀ PÁ®zÀ°è
¥ÀÄgÁtUÀ¼ÀÄ, ªÉÃzÀU¼ À ÀÄ, CAPÀUÀtÂvÀ, vÀvÀé±Á¸ÀÛç, eÉÆåÃw±Á¸ÀÛç, «eÁÕ£À ¥Àª æ ÀÄÄR ¨ÉÆÃzsÀ£Á
«µÀAiÀÄUÀ¼ÁVzÀݪÀÅ.
¸Á»vÀå: UÀÄ¥ÀÛgÀ AiÀÄÄUÀª£ À ÀÄß ‘¸ÀA¸ÀÌøvÀ ¸Á»vÀåzÀ ¸ÀĪÀtðAiÀÄÄUÀ’ JAzÀÄ PÀgÉAiÀįÁVzÉ. ªÉÊ¢PÀ
PÁ®¢AzÀ®Æ ªÀiËTPÀ gÀÆ¥Àz° À èzÀÝ ªÉÊ¢PÀ ¸Á»vÀå §gÀªÀtÂUA
É iÀÄ gÀÆ¥Àª£
À ÀÄß ¥Àq¬
É ÄvÀÄ. UÀÄ¥ÀÛgÁd
¸ÀªÄÀ ÄzÀUæ ÄÀ ¥ÀÛ ¸ÀévÀB «zÁéA¸À£ÁVzÀÄÝ ‘PÀ«gÁd’£ÉAzÀÄ ºÉ¸ÀgÁVzÀÝ£ÄÀ . 2£Éà ZÀAzÀæUÀÄ¥ÀÛ£À D¸ÁÜ£Àz° À è
“£Àªg À v
À Àß”UÀ¼ÉAzÀÄ ºÉ¸ÀgÁzÀ «zÁéA¸ÀjzÀÝgÀÄ. CªÀgÀ PÁ®zÀ PÀ«UÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀÈwUÀ¼ÀÄ PɼÀPA À qÀAvÉ
PÁt§ºÀÄzÀÄ.
 PÁ½zÁ¸À (©gÀÄzÀÄ-¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ ±ÉÃPïì ¦AiÀÄgï) £ÁlPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ-«PÀæªÆ É ÃªÀð²ÃAiÀÄ, ±ÁPÀÄAvÀ®
ªÀĺÁPÁªÀå-gÀWÀĪÀA±À, PÀĪÀiÁgÀ¸ÀA¨sª
À À, VÃvÀPÁªÀå-ªÉÄÃWÀzÀÆvÀ, IÄvÀĸÀAºÁgÀ.
 ±ÀÆzÀPæ À – ªÀÄÈZÀÒPÀnPÀ
 ¨sÁgÀ« - QgÁvÁdÄð¤ÃAiÀÄA
 zÀAr – zÀ±PÀ ÀĪÀiÁgÀZj À vÉ
 «±ÁRzÀvÛÀ – ªÀÄÄzÁægÁPÀë¸,À zÉë ZÀAzÀæUÀÄ¥ÀÛA
 «µÀÄÚ±ÀªÄÀ ð - ¥ÀAZÀvA À vÀæ
 ¨sªÀ À¨sÀÆw – GvÀÛgÀgÁªÀÄZÀjvÉ
 ±ÀAPÀÄ - ²®à±Á¸ÀÛç
 CªÀÄgÀ¹AºÀ - CªÀÄgÀPÆ É Ã±À
 PÀë¥À£PÀ À – eÉÆåÃw±Á¸ÀÛç
 WÀlPÀ¥ÀðgÀ – WÀlPÀ¥ÀðgÀ PÁªÀå EvÁå¢.

18
«eÁÕ£À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£À :- «eÁÕ£À, UÀtÂvÀ, RUÉÆüÀ, ªÉÊzÀå±Á¸ÀÛç ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¯ÉÆúÀ±Á¸ÀÛçU¼
À À°è CzÀÄãvÀ
¥ÀU
æ w
À AiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸Á¢ü¹zÁÝgÉ.
RUÉÆüÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ UÀtÂv±
À Á¸ÀÛç
DAiÀÄð¨sl À :- ¥Àæ¹zÀÞ RUÉÆüÀ, UÀtÂvÀ±Á¸ÀÛçdÕ, EªÀ£À PÀÈwUÀ¼ÁzÀ “DAiÀÄð¨sÀnÃAiÀÄA”£À°è zÀ±ª À ÀiÁA±À
¥ÀzÞÀ wAiÀÄ §UÉÎ ºÁUÀÆ “¸ÀÆAiÀÄð ¹zÁÞAvÀ” zÀ°è, ¨sÆ À «ÄAiÀÄ ZÀ®£É ªÀÄvÀÄÛ UÀæºÀtUÀ¼À ¸ÀA¨s«
À ¸ÀÄ«PÉAiÀÄ
§UÉÎ «ªÀj¹zÁÝ£.É
ªÀgÀºÁ«ÄPÀ:- ¥Àæ¹zÀÞ RUÉÆüÀ ±Á¸ÀÛçdÕ£ÁVzÀÝ£ÄÀ . vÀ£Àß PÀÈw §ÈºÀvï ¸ÀA»vÉAiÀÄ°è DPÁ±ÀPÁAiÀÄUÀ¼À
ZÀ®£ÉAiÀÄ §UÉÎ w½¹zÁÝg.É EvÀgÉ PÀÈwUÀ¼ÉAzÀgÉ ‘§ÈºÀvï eÁvÀP’À , “¥ÀAZÀ¹zÁÞAwPÀ”, ‘®WÀÄeÁvÀP’À
UÀ¼ÁVªÉ.
§ºÀäUÀÄ¥ÀÛ:- ¥Àæ¹zÀÞ UÀtv
 À±Á¸ÀÛçdÕ, ±ÀÆ£ÀåzÀ ¥ÁæªÄÀ ÄRåvÀvÉ w½¹zÁÝ£É.
ªÉÊzÀå±Á¸ÀÛç:- ZÀgÀPÀ – “ZÀgPÀ À¸ÀA»vÉ”
¸ÀıÀÄvÀæ – “¸ÀıÀÄvÀ¸ÀA»vÉ”
ªÁUÀãl – CµÁÖAUÀ¸ÀAUÀº
æ À
À ÀéAwæ – “¨sÁgÀwÃAiÀÄ ªÉÊzÀå±Á¸ÀÛçzÀ ¦vÁªÀĺÁ” JAzÀÄ PÀgÉAiÀįÁVzÉ.
zs£
¯ÉÆúÀ±Á¸ÀÛç :- zɺ°
À ¸À«ÄÃ¥ÀzÀ ªÉĺËæ°AiÀÄ°è zÉÆgÉwgÀĪÀ PÀ©âtzÀ ¸ÀÛA¨sÀ ±Á¸À£ª
À ÀÅ ±ÀvÀªiÀ Á£ÀU½
À AzÀ
©¹®Ä, ªÀļÉUÉ MrØPÉÆArzÀÝgÀÆ vÀÄPÀÄÌ »rAiÀÄzÉ ¤AwgÀĪÀÅzÀÄ CªÀgÀ ¯ÉÆúÀ±Á¸ÀÛçzÀ eÁÕ£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß
w½¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
PÀ¯É ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÁ¸ÀÄÛ²®à:- gÀZÀ£ÁvÀäPÀ zÉêÁ®AiÀÄUÀ¼À ¤ªÀiÁðt EªÀgÀ PÁ®zÀ°è DgÀA¨sÀªÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. §£ÁgÀ¸ï,
zÉêÀWÀq,À ªÀÄxÀÄgÁ, ¥ÁmÁß, GzÀAiÀÄVj ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀªÅÀ EªÀgÀ ªÁ¸ÀÄÛ²®à PÉÃAzÀæUÀ¼ÁVªÉ. ¥ÀæªÀÄÄR
zÉêÁ®AiÀÄUÀ¼ÉAzÀg:É
 zÉêÀWÀqÀ (¢AiÉÆÃWÀgï) – zÀ±ÁªÀvÁgÀ zÉêÁ®AiÀÄ
 ¨sÆ
À gÀzÀ - ²ªÀzÃÉ ªÁ®AiÀÄ
 ©vÀgïUÁAªï – EnÖUÉ zÉêÁ®AiÀÄ
ªÀÄÆwð²®à:- F PÁ®zÀ°è C£ÉÃPÀ §ÄzÀÞ «UÀæºÀUÀ¼ÀÄ PÉvÛÀ®ànÖzÄÀ Ý, ¸ÀįÁÛ£ïUÀAeï£À 7½ Cr JvÀÛgÀzÀ
§ÄzÀÞ£À «UÀæºÀ FUÀ §«ÄðAUï ºÁåA ªÀÄÆå¹AiÀÄA£À°èzÉ.
avÀæPÀ¯É:- EªÀgÀ PÁ®zÀ avÀÛPÀ¯ÉUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß UÁé°AiÀÄgï ¸À«ÄÃ¥ÀzÀ ¨sÁWÀ UÀĺÉU¼À ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CdAvÁzÀ
UÀĺÉU¼À À°è PÁt§ºÀÄzÀÄ. CdAvÁzÀ 17£Éà UÀĺÉAiÀÄ vÁ¬Ä-ªÀÄUÀÄ £ÉÊdvÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀÄAzÀgÀªÁVzÀÄÝ EzÀÄ
CdAvÁ avÀæPÀ¯ÉUÀ¼À°è CvÀåAvÀ ±ÉæõÀתÁVzÉ.
Ans: Guptas period had a unique position in the history of India. Due to the all-round
development in this age, the European writers have compared it with the age of Pericles
of Greece. Augustus Caesar of Rome and Queen Elizabeth of England. The
achievements in the fields of religion, education, literature, are and architecture, science
and technology were extra ordinary.

19
Revival of Hinduism: It is one of the outstanding features of the Gupta age. The Gupta
emperors were the followers of Hinduism. Yet they were tolerant towards other
religions were like Buddhism and Jainism. The Hindu religion received great
encouragement. It became the state religion of Guptas. The worship of Vishnu, Shiva
and Druga became very popular. The Vedic rituals like Ashwamedha, Vajapeya and
Rajasuya yagas were performed with all splendor. Many Vishnu temples were also
constructed during the Gupta age. They assumed the title Paramabhagavaths which
indicated their devotion to lord Vishnu.
Education : Education greatly flourished under the Guptas. The kings themselves were
great scholars and educationalist. There were a number of universities during the Gupta
age. The universities attracted not only Indian but also foreign students. Takshashila,
Nalanda, Ajanta and Saranatha were well known Gupta universities.
Pataliputa and Vallabai were great centers of education. The important subjects taught
were puranas, literature, philosophy arithmetic, astrology and science.
Literature: Religious literature, including the Vedas which were in the form of hymns
were brought into writing during the Gupta period. The Gupta age is called ‘The Golden
age of Sanskrit literature’. Samudragupta has been described as a king of poets. There
were ‘Navarathnas’in the court of Chandragupts II.
Important scholars and their works:
 Kalidas (Title-Indian shakspeare)
He wrote famous drama like Malavikagnimithra, Vikrmorvashiya and
Shakunthala great epics like Raghuvamsha and Kumarasambhava and lyricl
poems like Meghaduta and Rithusamhara.
 Shudraka- Mrichakatika
 Bharavi – Kiratharjuneeyam
 Dhadi – Dashakumara Charite
 Vishakadatta – Mudrarakshasa and Deveichdragupta,
 Vishnusharma – Panchataantra
 Bhavabhuthi – Uttaramacharithe
 Shanku – Shilpashastra
 Amarasimha – Amarakosha
 Kshapanaka – Jyothishyashasthra
 Ghatakarpara- Gatakarparakavya

20
Science and Technology: Tremendous progress was achieved in the fields of science,
mathematics, astronomy, medicine and metallurgy.
 Aryabhatta was the greatest Mathematician and astronomer of this period. He
discussed in his book ‘Suryasiddhantha’ as to how the earth revolves on its axis
and as to how lunar and solar eclipse occur. ‘Aryabhatia’ was his another book.
He has described about the decimal system in this work.
 Brahmagupta was another mathematician. He showed the importance of Zero.
 Varahamihira was one of the greatest scientists of this age. He wrote
‘Panchasiddanthika’, Brihat Jataka and ‘Laghu Jataka’. He had an authority on
astronomy, botany, mathematics and geography.
 Dhanwanthri was regarded as the father of Indian medicine (ayurvedha)
 Shushrutha- shushrutha Samithe
 Vaghbhata – Asthangasangraha
 Metallurgy – The Meharaulli iron pillar discovered near Delhi. It is a miracle that
even after being exposed to sun and rain for centuries, the iron pillar has not
rusted, is an outstanding example for their metallurgical skill.
Art and architecture: The basic structural features of Indian temple architecture were
developed during the Guptas, Mathura, Benaras, Patna, Udayagiri, Devgarh etc., were
the centers of their artistic activity.
 Dhashavatrara temple of Devagarh was the first temple of the Gupta period.
 Shiva Temple of Bhumara.
 Brick temple of Bittirga on were the other temples of the Guptas.
Sculpture: A number of statues of Lord Buddha were also erected. The fine
Sulthanganj Buddha statue of 7½ feet height is now preserved in the museum of
Birmingham.
Paintings: Gupta paintings are on the walls of Bagh near Gwalior. Gupta rulers built
many cave temples in Ajanta. The Gupta painters painted the scenes from the life of
Buddha. The paintings of ‘Mother and Child’ in cave XVII is quite realistic and
beautiful among the Ajantha paintings.
39. CPÀâg£
À À ¸Ázs£
À ÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹?
Describe the Achievements of Akbar?
GvÀÛg:À CPÀâgï ªÀĺÁ±ÀAiÀÄ Qæ.±À 1556-1605.
d¯Á¯ï-Gzï-¢£ï ªÀĺÀªÄÀ zï CPÀâgÀ£ÄÀ ªÉÆWÀ®gÀ¯Éè CvÀåAvÀ ¥Àæ¹zÀÞ ZÀPæª
À w
À ðAiÀiÁVzÀÄÝ GvÀÛªÀÄ
¸ÉãÁ¤, ¸ÀªÀÄxÀð DqÀ½vÀUÁgÀ£ÄÀ DVzÀÝ£ÀÄ.

21
CPÀâg£
À ÀÄ ¸ÉʤPÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ:-
2£Éà ¥ÁtÂ¥Àvï PÀz£ À À [ Qæ.±À. 1556]:- §AUÁ¼ÀzÀ ªÀĺÀªÄÀ zï D¢¯ï µÁ£À ¥Àz æ sÁ¤ ºÉêÀÄÄ zɺ° À
ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DUÁ檣
À ÀÄß ªÀ±¥À Àr¸ÀPÆ
É AqÀ£ÄÀ ‘gÁeÁ«PÀª æ ÀiÁ¢vÀå’ JA§ ©gÀÄzÀÄ ¥Àqz
É À£ÄÀ . 1556gÀ°è £Àqz É À 2£ÉÃ
¥ÁtÂ¥Àvï ¨ÉÊgÀASÁ£ï PÀz£ À Àz°
À è ºÉêÀÄĪÀ£ÄÀ ß ¸ÉÆð¹ zɺ° À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DUÁ檣 À ÀÄß ªÀÄvÉÛ
ªÀ±¥
À Àr¹PÉÆAqÀ£ÄÀ .
UÉÆAqÁé£ÀzÀ ¢UÀédAiÀÄ:- UÉÆAqÁé£À gÁt zÀÄUÁðªÀw vÀ£ßÀ ªÀÄUÀ «ÃgÀ£ÁgÁAiÀÄt£À ‘gÁd¥Àw æ ¤¢üAiÀiÁV
D½éPÉ ªÀiÁqÀÄwÛzÀݼÀÄ’. CPÀâg£
À À ¸ÉãÉAiÀÄ «gÀÄzÀÞ ºÉÆÃgÁqÀÄvÀÛ¯É «ÃgÀ ªÀÄgÀt ºÉÆA¢zÀ¼ÀÄ.
UÀÄdgÁvï DPÀæªÄÀ t:- UÀÄdgÁw£À ¸ÀA¥ÀvÄÀ Û CPÀâgÀ££
À ÀÄß DPÀ¶ð¹vÀÄ. UÀÄdgÁw£À gÁd ªÀÄÄd¥sg
À ï µÁ£À£ÄÀ ß
¸ÉÆð¹ UÀÄdgÁvÀ£ÄÀ ß DPÀæ«Ä¹zÀ£ÄÀ . EzÀgÀ £É£¥ À ÁxÀðªÁV “¥sÀvÃÉ ¥ÀÄgï ¹Qæ” JA§ gÁdzsÁ¤
¤«Äð¹zÀ£ÄÀ .
§AUÁ¼À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ Mj¸ÁìzÀ DPÀæªÄÀ t:- §AUÁ¼ÀzÀ gÁdå¥Á® ¸ÀévÀAvÀæ WÉÆö¹PÉÆAqÀ »£É߯ÉAiÀÄ°è
CªÀ£À£ÄÀ ß ºÀwÛQÌ §AUÁ¼À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ Mj¸ÁìªÀ£ÄÀ ß ªÀ±¥
À Àr¹PÉÆAqÀ£ÄÀ .
gÀd¥ÀÆvÀ ¤Ãw: «±Á® ¸ÁªÀiÁædåzÀ gÀPÀëuÉUÉUÁV gÀd¥ÀÆvÀgÀ ¸ÀºPÀ ÁgÀzÀ CUÀvÀåvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß CjvÀ CPÀâgï
gÀd¥ÀÄvÀgÆ É qÀ£É ¸ËºÁzsÀAiÀÄðAiÀÄÄvÀ ¤ÃwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß C£ÀĸÀj¹zÀ£ÄÀ . CªÀgÆ É qÀ£É ªÉʪÁ»PÀ ¸ÀA§AzsÀ
¨É¼É¹zÀ£ÄÀ . ªÀÄ£À¸À¨ÁÝgÀg£ À ÁßV £ÉêÀÄPÀ ªÀiÁrzÀ£ÄÀ . CA§gïgÁd ©ºÁjªÀįï£À ªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ
eÉÆÃzÁ¨Á¬ÄAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ªÁºÀªÁzÀ£ÄÀ . gÀtxÀA¨ÉÆÃgï£À gÁd ¸ÀÄdð£ï gÁAiÀiï, PÀ°Adgï gÁd
gÁªÀÄZÀAzÀ,æ eÉÆÃzï ¥ÀÄgÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §PÀ£ÃÉ gï gÁdåU¼ À À gÁdgÀÄ EªÀ£À ¸ÁªÀð¨s˪ÀÄvÀé M¦àzgÀ ÄÀ . EªÀ£À
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ªÀiÁvÀ檮À è, CvÀåAvÀ gÁd¤ÃvÀdÕ£ÁVzÀÝ£ÄÀ . DzÀÝjAzÀ EªÀ££
À ÀÄß “CPÀâgï ªÀĺÁ±ÀAiÀÄ” JAzÀÄ PÀgÉAiÀįÁVzÉ.
Ans: Akbar (1556-163 CE) was one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal dynasty in
India. Akbar succeeded his father Humayun under a regent Bairam Khan, who helped
the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal Empire in India.
The Second battle of Panipat (1556 CE): Hemu, the prime minister of Mohammad Adil
Shah of Bengal, attacked and captured Delhi and Agra. Byram Khan helped Akbar to
fight against Hemu in the second battle of Panipat in 1556 CE. Byram Khan killed
Hemu. After this battle, Akbar reoccupied Delhi and Agra.

23
Conquest’ of Gondwana: Rani Durgavati was ruling over this kingdom as the regent of
her son Veeranarayana. She died fighting and Gondwana was annexed to the Mughal
Empire.
Conquest’ of Gujarat: The wealth and prosperity of Gujarath and its importance for sea
trade made Akbar to attach Gujarath. Its ruler Muzaffar Shah was defeated and Gujarath
was occupied. Akbar built a new capital called Fathepur Sikri in memory of this
conquest.
Conquest of Bengal and Orissa: The governor of Bengal Daud Khan declared
independence. Therefore Akbar sent his army of suppress him. Bengal and Orissa were
occupied and they became a part of the Mughal Empire.
Annexation of Kabul and Kashimir: Akbar’s step brother Hakim Mirza was ruling over
Kabul. After his death in 1585 CE, Akbar annexed Kabul into his empire. Later he
conquered Kashmir also.
Rajput Policy: Rajputs were the powerful enemies of the Mughals. Akbar realized that
the valour and loyalty of Rajputs were essential for the consolidation of the Mughal
empire. Therefore he tried to win their support by adopting measures like friendly
relations, co-operation, entering into matrimonial alliances and appointing many of
them as Mansabdars. Akbar married Jodha Bai, the daughter of Biharmal of Ambar
(Jaipur). Raja Surjan Rai of Ranathambore voluntarily accepted the over lordship of
Akbar. Ramachandra, the rule of Kalinjar surrendered to Akbar in 1569 CE.
The only Rajput state, which refused to accept Akbar’s overlordship, was Mewar.
Akbar captured Chittor, the capital of Mewar by defeating its ruler Uday Singh in 1569
CE. Uday Singh continued to fight against the Mughals till his death. His son Rana
Pratap Singh also continued to fight after the death of his father. The most important
battle fought between the Mughals and Rajputs was the battle of Haldighat in 1576 CE.
Ranapratap Singh suffered heavy losses in the battle. Mewar war completely occupied
by Akbar only after his death of Ranapratap Singh. Rajput kings were allowed to retain
internal autonomy. The important Rajput commanders of Akbar were Raja Todarmal,
Raja Mansingh, Raja Baghavandas and others.
Conquests of South India: The South Indian states like Bidar, Khandesh, Ahmed Nagar,
Golkonda and Bijapur to accept his sovereignt. Except Khandesh, the remaining states
rejected his proposal. Hence, he followed the path of war to conquer them. In 1595CE
Chand Bibi, ruler of Ahamednagar, bravely fought against the Mughal attack, but failed.
Akbar’s Administration:
Akbar provided a very good system of administration. Mughal administration under
Akbar was centralized. The Mughal emperor was called ‘Padishah’ or ‘Badshah’.
Emperor had a cabinet of ministers, who helped him in the matters of administration.

24
Some of the important ministers were:
 Vakil-Chief Minister
 Diwan-i-Ali- Finance Minister
 Mir Bakshi – official for the distribution of salaries, Sadar-us-Sadar-in charge of
charties
 Khan-i-Saman-Home Minister
 Dewan-Revenue minister etc.,
 Qazi-Chief justice.
Akbar’s empire consisted of 16 provinces called ‘Subhas’. Each province was headed
by a governor called Subhadar. Some of the important officers of the provinces were
Diwan, Sadar, Faujdar, Kotwal, Quazi etc., Subhas were further divided into Sarkars
(districts) and again into Paraganas (Taluks). Kotwals were in charge of city
administration.
The Mansabdari system: Akbar introduced a new system of military and civil
administration known as manasabdari system. The word ‘mansab’ mean rank or
position. It originated from the Persian concept ‘Nasabkardan’. There were various
ranks of Mansbdars who commanded 10 to 10000 soldiers. In later time, this went up
50,000. All the officers of the kingdom held mansabs and had to recruit a certain
number of soldiers under them. The emperor could appoint, promote and dismiss
Mansabdars at his will.

40. ¨sÁgÀvÀ gÁ¶ÖçÃAiÀÄ ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½AiÀÄ°è UÁA¢üÃfAiÀÄ ¥ÁvÀæªÀ£ÄÀ ß ZÀað¹j?

Discuss the role of Gandhiji in Indian National movement?
GvÀÛg:À vÀÈwÃAiÀÄ ºÀAvÀzÀ gÁ¶ÖçÃAiÀÄ ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½AiÀÄ°è ªÀĺÁvÀä UÁA¢üÃf ªÀĺÀvÀézÀ ¥ÁvÀ檣
À ÀÄß ªÀ»¹zÀgÄÀ .
»ÃUÁV F ºÀAvÀzÀ gÁ¶ÖçÃAiÀÄ ºÉÆÃgÁlªÀÅ ‘UÁA¢üAiÀÄÄUÀ’ JAzÀÄ d£À¦æAiÀĪÁVzÉ. §°µÀ× ©ænµï
¸ÁªÀiÁædåzÀ «gÀÄzÀÞ ºÉÆÃgÁqÀ®Ä ‘¸ÀvÁåUÀ溒À JA§ C¸ÀÛçªÀ£ÄÀ ß ¥ÀjZÀ¬Ä¹zÀgÀÄ.
1915gÀ°è zÀQët D¦üæPÁ¢AzÀ ¨sÁgÀvÀzPÀ ÉÌ »AwgÀÄVzÀ UÁA¢üÃf 1916gÀ°è CºÀªÄÀ zÁ¨Ázï£À°è ¸À§gÀªÀÄw
D±ÀA
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À À ºÉÆÃgÁlUÀ¼ÉAzÀg,É
1. ZÀA¥ÁgÀuï ¸ÀvÁåUÀæºÀ – 1917 – UÁA¢ü PÉÊUÉÆAqÀ ªÉÆzÀ® PÁAiÉÄݨA
sÀ UÀ ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½.
2. CºÀªÄÀ zÁ¨Ázï VgÀt ªÀÄĵÀÌgÀ – 1918 – UÁA¢ü PÉÊUÉÆAqÀ ªÉÆzÀ® G¥ÀªÁ¸À ¸ÀvÁåUÀæºÀ.
3. SÉÃqÁ ¸ÀvÁåUÀæºÀ – 1918 – ªÉÆzÀ® C¸ÀºPÀ ÁgÀ ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½ ªÉÄð£À ªÀÄÆgÀÄ ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½UÀ¼À AiÀıÀ¸ÀÄì,
UÁA¢üÃf gÁ¶ÖçÃAiÀÄ ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½AiÀÄ £ÁAiÀÄPÀvéÀ ªÀ»¸ÀĪÀAvÉ ªÀiÁrzÀªÅÀ .
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£À°è, gË®vï PÁAiÉÄÝ ºÁUÀÆ gÁ¶ÖçÃAiÀÄ £ÁAiÀÄPÀgÁzÀ ¸ÉÊ¥sÄÀ ¢Ýãï TZÀÄè ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀvåÀ ¥Á®gÀ §Azs£ À Àª£
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‘d£ÀgÀ¯ï qÀAiÀÄgÀ’£ÀÄ vÀ£ßÀ ¸ÉʤPÀ vÀÄPÀrAiÉÆA¢UÉ ¨sÁUï £ÀÄß ¸ÀÄvÀÄÛªÀgÉzÄÀ d£ÀjUÉ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉà ªÀÄÄ£ÀÆìZÀ£É

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À AiÀÄAzÀÄ ¸ÀégÁdå ¥ÀPÀë ¸Áܦ¹zÀgÀÄ.
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£ÉºgÀ ÀÄ ªÀgÀ¢ : 1928: J¯Áè ¥ÀPëÀU½ À UÀÆ M¦àUA À iÀiÁUÀĪÀAvÀºÀ ¸ÀA«zsÁ£ÀªÇÉ AzÀ£ÄÀ ß gÀa¸ÀĪÀAvÉ
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PÀgÉzÄÀ ªÉÆÃw¯Á¯ï gÀªg À À £ÉÃvÀÈvÀézÀ°è ¸À«ÄwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß gÀa¹zÀgÀÄ. 1928gÀ°è F ¸À«ÄwAiÀÄÄ ¸À°è¹zÀ PÀgÀqÄÀ
“£ÉºÀgÀÄ ªÀgÀ¢” JAzÀÄ ¥À¹ æ zÀÞªÁVzÉ.
¯ÁºÉÆÃgï PÁAUɸ æ ï C¢üªÉñÀ£:À - 1929: dªÀºÀgï¯Á¯ï £Éºg À ÄÀ gÀªÀgÀ CzsÀåPÀëvÉAiÀÄ°è 1929gÀ°è
¯ÁºÉÆÃgï£À°è £Àqz É À PÁAUɸ
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WÉÆö¸Àzg À ÄÀ . EzÀÄ d£ÀªÀj 26, 1930gÀAzÀÄ ¸ÀévÀAvÀæ ¢£ÀªÀ£ÁßV DZÀj¸ÀĪÀ ¤zsÁðgÀ ªÀiÁrvÀÄ ºÁUÀÆ
PÁAiÉÄÝ ¨sA
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26
PÁAiÉÄÝ ¨sÀAUÀ ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½ [1930-41]:-
zÀAr G¦à£À ¸ÀvÁåUÀæº:À - UÁA¢üÃf G¦à£À ¸ÀvÁåUÀæºÀ CxÀªÁ zÀArAiÀiÁvÉæAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÉÊUÉƼÀÄîªÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ
PÁAiÉÄÝ ¨sA À UÀ ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½AiÀÄ£ÀÄß DgÀA©ü¹zÀgÀÄ. UÁA¢üÃfAiÀÄ ¥À¹ æ zÀÞ G¦à£À ¸ÀvÁåUÀæºÀ 12 ªÀiÁZïð
1930gÀAzÀÄ 78 C£ÀÄAiÀiÁ¬ÄUÀ¼ÉÆA¢UÉ ¸À§gÀªÀÄw D±ÀæªÀÄ¢AzÀ DgÀA¨sÀUÉÆAqÀÄ, 6 K¦æ¯ï ªÉüÉUÉ 240
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d£ÀgÄÀ ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ C£ÉÃPÀ ¸ÀܼÀUÀ¼À°è G¦à£À ¸ÀvÁåUÀ溪 À À£ÄÀ ß PÉÊUÉÆAqÀgÀÄ. §ÈºÀvï ¥Àªæ ÀiÁtzÀ°è d£ÀgÀÄ
PÁAiÉÄݨAsÀ UÀ ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½AiÀÄ°è ¨sÁUÀªÀ»¹zÀÄzÀjªÀÄzÀ, CzÀ£ÄÀ ß ºÀwÛPÀÌ®Ä ©ænµÀgÄÀ zsª
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zÀAqÀÄ ªÉÄÃf£À ¸ÀªÉÄäüÀ£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ 1930-32:- 1930-32 CªÀ¢A ü iÀÄ°è ©ænµï ¸ÀPÁðgÀ ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ
¸ÀA«zsÁ£ÁvÀäPÀ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÉU¼ À À£ÄÀ ß PÀÄjvÀÄ ZÀað¸ÀĪÀ ¸À®ÄªÁV, EAUÉèAr£À°è ªÀÄÆgÀÄ zÀAqÀÄ ªÉÄÃf£À
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UÁA¢ü-E«ð£ï M¥ÀàAzÀ – 1931 ¥s§ É æªÀj 14:- ¥s§É æªÀj 14, 1931gÀ UÁA¢ü-E«ð£ï M¥ÀàAzÀzA À vÉ,
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MzÀV¸À¨ÁgÀzA É zÀÄ ¥Àæw¥Á¢¹zÀgÀÄ.
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C¸ÀÄà±ÀåjUÉ ¥Àv
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EzÀ£ÄÀ ß M¥ÀàzÉ UÁA¢üÃf, G¥ÀªÁ¸À ¸ÀvÁåUÀæºÀ DgÀA©ü¹zÀgÀÄ. CAwªÀĪÁV CA¨ÉÃqÀÌgï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ UÁA¢üÃf
£ÀqÄÀ ªÉ 1932gÀ°è ¥ÀÆ£Á M¥ÀàAzÀ K¥ÀðlÄÖ ¸ÀªÀĸÉå §Uɺj À ¬ÄvÀÄ.
vÀÈwÃAiÀÄ zÀÄAqÀÄ ªÉÄÃf£À ¸ÀªÉÄäüÀ£:À - 1932 PÁAUɸ
æ ï ºÁUÀÆ EAUÉèAr£À ¯Éçgï ¥ÀPëÀªÀÅ EzÀgÀ°è
¨sÁUÀªÀ»¸À®Ä ¤gÁPÀj¸ÀĪÀÅzÀjAzÀ F ¸ÀªÄÉ äüÀ£À «¥s® À ªÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. F ¸ÀªÄÉ äüÀ£z
À À ¥Àª æ ÀÄÄR
¥ÀjuÁªÀĪÉAzÀgÉ 1935gÀ ¨sÁgÀvÀ PÁAiÉÄÝ.
1937gÀ ZÀÄ£ÁªÀuÉ: 1937gÀ ZÀÄ£ÁªÀuÉAiÀÄ°è ¨sÁUÀªÀ»¹zÀ PÁAUɸ æ ï 11 ¥ÁæAvÀåUÀ¼À ¥ÉÊQ, 7gÀ°è PÁAUÉæ¸ï
C¢üPÁgÀPÉÌ §A¢vÀÄ. ¢éwÃAiÀÄ ªÀĺÁAiÀÄÄzÀÞªÅÀ 1939gÀ°è DgÀA¨sª À Á¬ÄvÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ©ænõÀgÀÄ ¨sÁgÀwÃAiÀÄgÀ
M¦àU¬ É Ä®èzÉ ¨sÁgÀvÀªÅÀ «ÄvÀæ gÁµÀÖçU¼ À À ¥ÀgÀªÁV AiÀÄÄzÀÞzÀ°è ¨sÁUÀªÀ»¸ÀĪÀÅzÉAzÀÄ WÉÆö¹zÀgÀÄ. EzÀ£ÄÀ ß
«gÉÆâü¹ PÁAUÉæ¸ï 1939gÀ°è J¯Áè ªÀÄAwæ ªÀÄAqÀ½UÉ gÁf£ÁªÉÄ ¤ÃrvÀÄ. UÁA¢üÃf ©ænõÀgÀ «gÀÄzÀÞ
‘ªÉÊAiÀÄQÛPÀ ¸ÀvÁåUÀæºÀ’ªÀ£ÄÀ ß DgÀA©ü¹zÀgÀÄ.

27
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ªÀ®è§¨sÁAiÀiï ¥ÀmÉïï G¥À¥z Àæ sÁ¤AiÀiÁV C¢üPÁgÀ ªÀ»¹PÉÆAqÀgÀÄ.

28
Ans: Gadhian era-1920-1947: Mahatma Gandhiji played a prominent role in the third
stage of Indian National Movement. Hence this state of National movement is popular
as “Gandhian era”. He introduced “Satyagraha” as a tool to fight the mighty British
empire.
Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa in 1915. In 1916 he founded the
‘Sabaramati Ashrama’ at Ahmadabad. His early campaign’s in India are:
(1) Champaran Satyagraha-1917: First civil disobedience Movement.
(2) Ahmadabad Mill strike – 1918: First hunger strike.
(3) Kheda Satyagraha – 1918: First Non-cooperation movement.
The success of the above three movement brought Gandhiji to the forefront of the
national movement.
Jallianwalabagh Massacre- 1919: On 13th April 1919, people gathered to protest
aginst Rowlatt Act and the arrest of two nationalist leaders, Saifuddin Kitchlew and
Satyapal. British commander general Dyer, surrounded the park with his troops and
without even giving a warning to the people her ordered his troops fire at the mob.
Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood in protest.
Khilafat Movement: After first would war, Khilafat movement was launched against
British, to protest against ill treatment of caliph of Turky. Ali brothers, Maulana Azad,
Haki, Ajmal Khan were prominent leaders in India. Gandhi and Tilak considered this as
a golden opportunity to bring together Hindu-Muslim.
Non-Co-operation Movement (1920-1922): A special session of the Congress was held
at Calcutta in 1920. Gandhiji’s Plan of launching a nationwide Non-cooperation
movement was accepted.
 Thousands of students boycotted government schools and colleges and joined
national institutions like Kashi Vidyapeetha, Jamiya Miliya Islamiya, Gujarat
Vidyapeetha, etc.,
- Courts and offices and legislatures were boycotted.
- Foreign goods were boycotted, foreign goods were collected and burnt at
public places.
- Titles, honours bestowed by the British Government were surrendered.
- People started using swadeshi goods, wearing khadi became a symbol of
National pride.
Gandhiji, who laid utmost stress on Non-violence withdrew the non-co-operation
movement on 5th Feb 1922 due to the Chauri-Chaura (UP) incident. (The Mob burning
down the police station along with 22 policement).
 Swaraj Party – 1923: On 1 Jan 1923, Swaraj Party was established by Motial
Nehru and Chittaranjan Das, who had opposed Mahatma Gandhi’s suspension of
Non-co-operation movement.
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  Simon Commission (1927): The British appointed Simon Commission in 1927
to generate a report on how well the 1919 govt act of India, act was working. The
congress called for the Boycott of Simon Commission as none of the members
were Indian. “Simon, Go back” became a popular slogan. Lala Lajpat Rai died
due to injuries suffered by the police lathi charge during agitation against the
commission.
 Nehru Report (1928): The British Challenged the Indian to provide an
alternative proposal acceptable to all political parties. The all parties’ conference
was held, which took up the challenge and appointed a committee under Motilal
Nehru. It submitted its draft in 1928, which is popular as Nehru report.
 The Lahor Congress session (1929): The Lahore congress session at Lahore in
1929 presided by Jawaharlal Nehru declared “Poorna Swaraj” (complete
independence) as the goal of the Congress. It was decided to celebrate lf 26 th Jan
1930 as Independence Day and authorized Gandhiji to launch the “Civil
disobedience movement “.
 Civil Disobedience Movement – Dandi march (1930): Mahatma Gandhi
launched the Civil Disobedience Movement in March 1930 with Dandi,
thousands people joined him on this journey. Gandhi broke the Salt law by
picking up a handful of salt. This encouraged the people and salt Satyagrahas
were held at many places. The large scale participation made the British used to
violent measures to suppress the movement and thousands were arrested and
thrown into jail.
Round Table conferences: From 1930-32 the three Round Table conference were
organized in England, by British government to discuss constitutional reforms in India.
The First Round Table Conference (1930): Muslim league, Hindu Maha Sabha,
liberals and the Princes of various states attend it. The Conference could not achieve
much without the participation of the Indian National Congress.
Gandhi-Irwin Pact-1931 Feb 14: On 14th 1931 Gandhiji Irwin (Delhi pact) was signed
by which all political prisoners were released, Mahatma Gandhi agreed to participate in
second round table conference.
II Round Table Conference (1931, Sept): Gandhiji attended the Second Round Table
Conference at London as the sole representative of the Congress. He claimed
untouchables to be Hindus, hence they were not to be treated as minority and no special
electorates.
Communal award-1932: The Prime Minister of England Ramsay MacDonald
announced separate electorates to the Muslims and the untouchables, which is popular
as the Communal award. Gandhiji could not Bear that and he went on fast unto death.
This was finally settled with the ‘Poona Pact’ being signed between Gandhi and
Ambedkar in 1932.

30
III Round Table Conference (1932): The Congress and the Labour Party of England
refused to participate in it. The Conference hence failed. The only important outcome of
this series was 1935-Government of India Act.
1937 Election: Congress participated in the 1937 elections and formed Government in 7
out of 11 Provinces. The II World War started in 1939, the British made India a
participant in the war on the side of the allies without consulting the Indians. The
Congress resigned all the Ministers in 1939 as a protest. Gandhi launched Individual
Satyagraha against the British.
Quit India movement (1942):
As Japanese advances towards India during Second World War, Britain wanted to
secure co-operation of the India in the war. In 1942 British government sent Crops
mission to India. The mission proposed domination status to India, except defense,
which would come to existence after war. But congress and the Muslim league reject it
and Gandhi called it as “a postdated cheque of a drowning Bank”.
(AICC) met on 8th August 1942 at Bombay and adopted the Quit India Resolution and
asked Gandhi to lead the Movement. Gandhiji gave the famous slogan ‘do or die’.
Jinnah, the leader of the Muslim League asked the Muslims not to participate in the
movement.
The government immediately arrested all prominent leader of congress and banned
congress. People without any leaders to guide acted as they wanted. Strikes,
processions, hoisting tri-colour flag at public buildings, picketing, cutting telegraph and
telephone line, burning revenue records, Railway stations, Post Offices, etc., were
undertaken. The revolt turned violent at many places, British took firm measures to
control movement. More than 10,000 people died in police and military firing. Finally,
the British were able to suppress the movement.
Independence and Partition:
Cabinet Mission (1946): After the Second World War Clement Atlee, the prime
minister of England deputed a commission called ‘Cabinet Mission’ to India in 196. The
cabinet Mission held discussions and rejected the creation of Pakistan., It proposed a
federal government for the whole India and formation of a constituent assembly and
interim government. The Muslim League rejected it and Jinnah called for “Direct
Action Day”. “Lekar Rahenge Pakistan” was the slogan of the league. This resulted in
communal violence at many places.
 A constituent assembly was constituted under the chairmanship of Babu Rajendra
Prasad on 9th Dec 1946.
Mount Batten plan: Lord Mount Batten came to India as viceroy in 1947 and held
talks with the congress and muslim League.
 The “Mount Batten Plan”or “June plan” was announced by Prime Minister Atlee
2nd June 1947 in the house of commons.
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  It was introduced in the British parliament on 5th July and ratified on 18th July as
‘Independence to India act 1947’.
The British Indian possessions were divided into India and Pakistan. Radcliffe line
demarcated the boundaries between the two. Pakistan became Independent on 14 th
August and India on 15th August 1947. Jawaharla Nehru became the first prime
minister, Mount Batten was made the governor general, Vallababhai patel became the
Deputy prime minister of India.

VI. 41. PɼÀV£ÀªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢¹ §gɬÄj.

Match the following. 5 X 1 = 5
1) §ÄzÀÞ ZÀjvÀ - ¨sÁgÀvÀgv
À Àß
Buddacharita Bharata Ratna

2) ¥Á±Àéð£ÁxÀ - CzÀȵÀÖ ¥ÀzÞÀ w

Parshvanath Lucky draw

3) ªÉÄPÁ¯É _ ¨sÁgÀvÀz°
À è EAVèõÀ ²PÀët gÀƪÁj
Macaulay Architect of English education in India

4) ¸Àgï.JA.«±ÉéñÀégA
À iÀÄå _ C±Àé WÉÆõÀ
Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah Ashwagosha

5) PÀÄqÀĪÀ¯ÉÊ _ 23£Éà wÃxÀðAPÀgÀ

Kuduulaiah _ 23rd Thirthankar

Ans:

1) §ÄzÀÞ ZÀjvÀ C±Àé WÉÆõÀ

Buddacharita Ashwagosha
2) ¥Á±Àéð£ÁxÀ 23£Éà wÃxÀðAPÀgÀ
Parshvanath 23rd Thirthankar
3) ªÉÄPÁ¯É ¨sÁgÀvÀz°
À è EAVèõÀ ²PÀët gÀƪÁj
Macaulay Architect of English education in India
4) ¸Àgï.JA.«±ÉéñÀégA
À iÀÄå ¨sÁgÀvÀgv
À Àß
Sir. M. Vishweshwaraiah Bharata Ratna
5) PÀÄqÀĪÀ¯ÉÊ CzÀȵÀÖ ¥ÀzÞÀ w
Kuduulaiah Lucky draw

32
42. PɼÀV£À WÀl£ÉU¼
À À£ÄÀ ß PÁ¯Á£ÀÄPÀæªÄÀ zÀ°è §gɬÄj. 5 X 1 = 5
Arrange the following in chronological order.

1) «PÀæªÄÀ ±ÀPÉ
Vikrama Era

2) gÀªÀiÁ£ÀAzÀgÀ ªÀÄgÀt
Death of Ramananda

3) ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄPÀ ¸ÉÊ£Àå ¥ÀzÀÞw

Subsidiary alliance

4) DAiÀÄðgÀ DUÀªÄÀ £À
Advent of Aryans in to India

5) ¨sÁgÀvÀ ©lÄÖ vÉÆ®V ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½

Quit India movement.

Ans:
1) DAiÀÄðgÀ DUÀªÄÀ £À
Advent of Aryans in to India
2) «PÀæªÄÀ ±ÀPÉ
Vikrama Era
3) gÀªÀiÁ£ÀAzÀgÀ ªÀÄgÀt
Death of Ramananda
4) ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄPÀ ¸ÉÊ£Àå ¥ÀzÀÞw
Subsidiary alliance
5) ¨sÁgÀvÀ ©lÄÖ vÉÆ®V ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½
Quit India movement.

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33