Quarter 2 – Module 14:

Key Concepts, Principles

and Elements of DRR
DISASTER IMPACTS:
 loss of life
 Injury
 Disease
 other negative effects on human, physical, mental and social well-being,
 damage to property
 destruction of assets
 loss of services, social
 economic disruption and environmental degradation

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through analysis
and management of the causal factors of disasters.
It leads to:
 reduced exposure to hazards
 lessening of vulnerability of people and assets
 effective management of land and the environment
 improved preparedness for adverse events

Disaster risk reduction usually requires long-term planning across sectors and must be integrated into
general national and regional development strategies. DRR strategies usually begin with plans for
assessing the:
(a) Hazards and risks that threaten the target area,
(b) Extent of harm that would occur to communities and infrastructure,
(c) Vulnerable people’s capacities to cope with and recover from possible disasters (Ochoa, 2018).
Key Principles of DRRM
The key principles of DRR justify why certain changes have to be made and explain the urgency of
creating a DRRM plan. Key principles should be able to make people realize why disaster plans must
be a priority in every community especially those that are vulnerable to hazards. All DRRM are
created on the following premises:
1. Development can either increase or decrease disaster risk.
When development takes place, disaster risk is always a threat but it can be avoided if localities have
effective and functional disaster prevention and mitigation plans.
2. DRRM policies, laws, and regulations can save lives if properly and strictly implemented in the
community. Action is the key component of DRRM. Policies, laws, and regulations are useless if it is
not properly implemented. Earthquake drills, fire drills, lock-up drills are very important not only in
schools but also in the community because the community is the front liner of DRRM. The ultimate
purpose of DRRM is to save lives and properties.

3. The main objective of DRRM is to build a resilient community. If community members are well
prepared and equipped with sufficient knowledge, the impact of disaster can be lessened

Elements of Disaster Risk Reduction PREVENT

PREVENTION The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of
hazards and related disasters. Prevention
expresses the concept and intention to
completely avoid potential adverse impacts
through action taken in advance. Can be in the
 form of proper land use or using suitable
engineering design.
MITIGATION The lessening or limitation of the adverse
impacts of hazards and related disasters. While
the adverse impacts of hazards often cannot be
prevented fully, their scale or severity can be
substantially lessened by various strategies
band actions.
ADAPTATION The adjustment in natural or human systems in
response to actual or expected climatic stimuli
or their effects, which moderates harm or
exploits beneficial opportunities.
PREPAREDNESS The knowledge and capacities developed by
governments, professional response and
recovery organizations, communities and
individuals to effectively anticipate, respond
to, and recover from, the impacts of likely,
imminent or current hazard events or
conditions.

POST EVENT
RESPONSE The provision of emergency services and
public assistance during or immediately after a
disaster in order to save lives, reduce health
impacts, ensure public safety and meet the
basic subsistence needs of the people affected.
Disaster response is predominantly focused on
immediate and short-term needs and is
sometimes called “disaster relief”.
RECOVERY The restoration, and improvement where
appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living
conditions of disaster-affected communities,
including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors.
The recovery task of rehabilitation and
reconstruction begins soon after the emergency
phase has ended, and should be based on pre-
existing strategies and policies that facilitate
clear institutional responsibilities for recovery
action and enable public participation.

Quarter 2 – Module 15: Recognize the Importance of DRR on

One’s Life
A disaster risk reduction assists us to consider our emergency response activities in light of existing
and new disaster risks. This enables us to design or adjust our activities so that people and
communities become safer and more disaster-resilient, as well as safeguarding efforts to create and
expand enabling conditions for sustainable poverty alleviation and development.
Building resilience: Is the main importance of disaster risk reduction. disaster risk reduction is vital
for building a more equitable and sustainable future.
Making investments in prevention and preparedness, including through civil defense exercises, is a
necessary part of systematic efforts to increase resilience to disaster.
Five priorities identified for action are:
1) to ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority;
2) to identify, assess, and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning systems;
3) to use knowledge, innovation, and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels;
4) to reduce the underlying risk factors; and
5) to strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response and recovery at all levels, from the local
to the national.
Responsibility for disaster risk management does not lie with disaster managers alone. It is rather a
concern for everyone - from citizens who must be empowered to make decisions which reduce risk, to
political leaders, government institutions, the private sector, civil society organisations, professional
bodies, and scientific and technical institutions.
Risk communication must be clear and simple. In our current times, to communicate risks effectively
with populations, communities, families and individuals is essential for everyone to be better prepared
when disaster and crisis hit. This is a challenging task, as normally people don’t want to hear about
“dangerous things”. Some are afraid of even thinking about the possibility of an earthquake, a tropical
cyclone, floods, landslides, tsunamis or even the most common household hazards, such as fire,
hitting their homes.
Every organization and government engaged in disaster risk reduction awareness must plan and
communicate harmonized messages – a key element to avoid confusion. As a consequence, we
increase people’s confidence in acting to make themselves safer. It starts with one individual, a
family, neighbors, the whole community, a city, a country and even the whole region.
From a development perspective, therefore, disaster risk reduction is vital for building a more
equitable and sustainable future. Making investments in prevention and preparedness, including
through civil defense exercises, is a necessary part of systematic efforts to increase resilience to
disaster.
Why disaster risk reduction is important during and after emergencies:
A disaster risk reduction approach helps us consider our emergency response activities in light of
existing and new disaster risks. This enables us to design or adjust our activities so that people and
communities become safer and more disaster-resilient, as well as safeguarding efforts to create and
expand enabling conditions for sustainable poverty alleviation and development.
DRR approaches and tools will prevent relief work from rebuilding the vulnerabilities that made
people prone to similar disasters. DRR provides valuable insights into the underlying factors of
vulnerability to hazards and the features of those hazards. It helps us identify and map local capacities
to cope with these hazards. Ultimately, the DRR approach helps us conduct effective disaster response
while reducing risks that similar disasters will reoccur. It also ensures that our emergency response
does no harm by replacing or reinstating critical vulnerabilities.

Quarter 2 – Module 17:

Community Preparedness Plan
What is a family emergency plan?
One of the most important tools every individual and family can have to protect themselves in
possible emergencies is a family emergency preparedness plan, complete with a list of contacts
during an emergency.
In disaster planning, always consider the worst case scenario. Family members may not be together
when a disaster strikes. Line of communications might be cut-off; electrical power supply might be
shut-off; Malls, grocery stores and food provider services like fast-food chains might also be closed.
In this kind of scenario, families must be ready and be prepared enough in times of emergencies. In
other words, there must be a specific and concrete family emergency plan as to where they meet and
what essential things do they need to bring when they evacuate.
Why is a disaster plan important?
The goal of disaster preparedness is to lessen the impact of disasters on vulnerable populations, to
ready an organization for an influx of activity, and to design a coordinated plan that reduces the waste
of resources, time, and efforts.
Through a community preparedness plan, people in the community is informed and trained on how to
prepare for a disaster and emergencies to avoid panic and to lessen the impact of such disaster.
Below are examples of emergency/disaster preparedness.

In preparing for an emergency plan, you need to include the updated contact numbers of you family
member, hotline of the barangay, municipality or city, PNP and Bureau of Fire Protection, hospitals
and other hotline numbers that can help you during emergency cases. There must also an emergency
kit at home like the “GO BAG” and “First Aid kit”. Put the important documents of the family inside
waterproof containers. There must also be clear family evacuation plan indicating the exact place
where the family will meet if cellphone signals are not available. Most importantly, you must join
emergency drills like the quarterly national simultaneous earthquake drills and others.
The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028 (NDRRMP) sets down the
expected outcomes, outputs, key activities, indicators, lead agencies, implementing partners and time
lines under each of the four distinct yet mutually reinforcing thematic areas. The goals of each
thematic area lead to the attainment of the country’s overall DRRM vision as shown below.
DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (DOST)
GOAL: Avoid hazard and mitigate their potential impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and exposure,
and enhancing capacities of communities.
Objectives:
1. Reduce vulnerabilities and exposure of communities to health hazards.
2. Enhance capacities of communities to reduce their own risks and cope with the impacts of all
hazards.
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG)
GOAL: Establish and strengthen capacities of communities to anticipate, cope and recover from the
negative impacts of emergency occurrences
and disasters.
Objectives:
1. Increase level of awareness of the community to threats and impacts of all hazards.
2. Equip the community with necessary skills to cope with the negative impacts of disaster.
3. Increase the capacity of a community.
4. Develop and implement disaster preparedness policies and plans.
5. Strengthen partnership among all key stakeholders.
DISASTER RESPONSE
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT (DSWD)
GOAL: Provide life preservation and meet the basic subsistence needs of affected population based
on acceptable standards during or immediately after a disaster.
Objectives:
1. Decrease the number of preventable deaths and injuries.
2. Provide basic subsistence needs of affected population.
3. Immediately restore basic social services.
DISASTER REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY
NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (NEDA)
GOAL: Restore and improve facilities, livelihood and living conditions and organization capacities of
affected communities, and reduce disaster risk in accordance with the “build back better” principle.
Objectives:
1. Restore people’s means of livelihood and continuity of economic activities.
2. Restore shelter and other installation.
3. Reconstruct infrastructure and other public utilities.
4. Assist in the physical and psychological rehabilitation of persons who suffered from the effects of
disaster.

Quarter 2 – Module 18: Survival Kits and Materials

According to Philippine Red Cross the following items are essential in a disaster kit:
1. Shelter
 Tents
 Sleeping bag
 Tarp
2. Water
 According Philippine Red Cross, a person can survive without food intake for 5 days as long as
there is water intake. Prepare clean water in clean airtight containers for washing, drinking and
cooking: 1 gallon or equivalent of 4 liters per person per day (1 liter for drinking and 3 liters for
sanitation)
 Stored water must be changed to maintain its freshness, effectiveness and avoid contamination.
3. Food
 Store only non-perishable food like canned foods.
 According to Philippine Red Cross, food should be sufficient for three days consumption of every
family member.
 Include also eating and drinking utensils.
4. Tools
 Maps with indication of evacuation sites and routes
 Emergency Number to call
 Whistle
 Flashlight with extra batteries (or self-powered flashlight)
 List of Emergency numbers to call
 Multi-purpose knife
 Matches or lighter and candles
 AM radio transistor with extra batteries or self-powered
 Blankets
 Sleeping bag
5. Fire starting
 Matches
 Lighter
 Candle
6. Light and signaling Instruments
 Flashlight
 Mirror
 Whistle
7. First aid kits
 Disposable Gloves
 Adhesive Strips
 Sterile medical tap
 Thermometer
 Adhesive Bandage
 First aid manual
 Pain reliever and antibiotics
 Anti-diarrhea medication
 Prescription medication (if needed)
8. Personal effects and hygiene kit
 Extra Clothing (Short and long sleeved shirts, pants, jackets, socks, etc.)
 Undergarments
 Antibacterial soap
 Toothbrushes
 Toothpaste
 Comb/ hair brush
 Tissue paper
9. Others
 Important documents Birth certificates, passport, marriage contract, diploma, insurance certificates,
land titles, etc.
 Keep these in a plastic envelope or any waterproof container
 Money should be in the form of cash and loose change (ATM machines may not be working)
 Prepaid cards
 Batteries
 Emergency charger
 Clothes
MODULE 18: Policies of DRRM - The Philippine DRRM Law RA 10121 and its Implementing
Rules and Regulations!
Global Policy Frameworks
Philippine government policies and programs for disaster risk reduction and management was
anchored to Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, the Hyogo Framework for
Action 2005-2015 and ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response. These
were formulated to reduce the risks during disaster as it gives concreate guides for national
government, local government, organizations, communities and stakeholders.
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
According to National Economic and Development Authority, 2020, this was adopted by UN member
states, including the Philippines, in March 2015. The Sendai Framework aims to achieve the
following outcome over the next 15 years: the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives,
livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of
persons, businesses, communities and countries.
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015
According to International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015,
is a world conference on disaster reduction that was held from January 18-22, 2005 in Kobe, Hyogo
Japan. The HFA is a comprehensive, action‐oriented response to international concern about the
growing impacts of disasters on individuals, communities & national development. Its goal was to
substantially reduced disaster loses in live and in social, economic and environmental assets of
communities and countries.
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and
Emergency Response
On December 24, 2009, the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response
(AADMER) was ratified by all ten (10) ASEAN member states that include the Philippines. It focuses
on the region’s policy backbone on disaster management by giving priority to disaster risk reduction,
thus enabling a more proactive regional framework for cooperation, coordination, technical
assistance, and resource mobilization in all aspects of disaster management.
What is the DRRM Act?
According to National Economic and Development Authority, 2020, the Philippine DRRM Act of
2010 or Republic Act No. 10121 as signed into law on May 27, 2010, provides the basic policies and
coordination mechanism for DRRM through the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils
(DRRMC) at the national, regional, and local levels. Section 15 of the law specifically indicates the
criteria for identifying the lead DRRMC in “preparing for, responding to and recovering from the
effects of any disaster.”
What are the Salient Features of the DRRM Act?
According to Disaster Risk Reduction Network Philippines, the following are the salient features of
the DRRM Act:
A. Coherence with international framework
B. Adherence to universal norms, principles, and standards of humanitarian assistance
C. Good governance through transparency and accountability
D. Strengthened institutional mechanism for DRRM
E. Integrated, coordinated, multi‐sectoral, inter‐agency, and community‐based approach to disaster
risk reduction
F. Empowerment of local government units (LGUs) and civil society organizations (CSOs) as key
partners in disaster risk reduction
G. Integration of the DRRM into the educational system
H. Establishment of the DRRM Fund (DRRMF) at the national and local levels
I. Providing for provisions on the declaration of a state of calamity, remedial measures, prohibited
acts and penalties

Who are involved in Local government Civil society Communities

DRRM as mandated units (LGU) organizations
in the DRRM act? (CSO), the private
National Sector and
government volunteers
Composed of Leading agency in They participate and They are considered
government preparing for, involved in all aspects as the “most
departments and responding to, and of DRRM from vulnerable sectors”
agencies with recovering from the planning to since they can be
responsibilities effects of any disaster. implementation They disaster victims and
related to DRRM that They are considered also complement and agents of change at
are constituted as as the “frontliners” enhance the the same time. Their
members of the and “first responders” government’s actively and
National DRRM in every disaster resources and efforts substantial
Council (NDRRMC) event. in implementing the participation at
DRRM act. DRRM coordination
is acknowledged since
they are most familiar
with their situation.
National Mandate
Strengthening the disaster risk reduction and management system was anchored to Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 or Republic Act No. 10121. It is stated in
the law that it is the policy of the state to:

1) Uphold the people’s constitutional rights to life and property by addressing the root causes of
vulnerabilities to disasters, strengthening the country’s institutional capacity for disaster risk reduction
and management and building the resilience of local communities to disasters including climate
change impacts.
2) Adhere to and adopt the universal norms, principles and standards of humanitarian assistance and
the global effort on risk reduction as concrete expression of the country’s commitment to overcome
human sufferings due to recurring disasters.
3) Incorporate internationally accepted principles of disaster risk management in the creation and
implementation of national, regional, and local sustainable development and poverty reduction
strategies, policies, plans and budgets.
4) Adopt a disaster risk reduction and management approach that is holistic, comprehensive,
integrated, and proactive in lessening the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of disasters
including climate change, and promote the involvement and participation of all sectors and all
stakeholders concerned, at all levels especially the local community.
5) Develop, promote, and implement a comprehensive National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan (NDRRMP) that aims to strengthen the capacity of the national government and the
local government units (LGUs), together with partner stakeholders, to build the disaster resilience of
communities, and to institutionalize arrangements and measures for reducing disaster risks, including
projected climate risks, and enhancing disaster preparedness and response capabilities at all levels.
6) Adopt and implement a coherent, comprehensive, integrated, efficient and responsive disaster risk
reduction program incorporated in the development plan at various levels of government adhering to
the principles of good governance such as transparency and accountability within the context of
poverty alleviation and environmental protection.
7) Mainstream disaster risk reduction and climate change in development processes such as policy
formulation, socioeconomic development planning, budgeting, and governance, particularly in the
areas of environment, agriculture, water, energy, health, education, poverty reduction, land-use and
urban planning, and public infrastructure and housing, among others.
8) Institutionalize the policies, structures, coordination mechanisms and programs with continuing
budget appropriation on disaster risk reduction from national down to local levels towards building a
disaster-resilient nation and communities.
9) Mainstream disaster risk reduction into the peace process and conflict resolution approaches in
order to minimize loss of lives and damage to property, and ensure that communities in conflict zones
can immediately go back to their normal lives during periods of intermittent conflicts.
10) Ensure that disaster risk reduction and climate change measures are gender responsive, sensitive
to indigenous know ledge systems, and respectful of human rights.
11) Recognize the local risk patterns across the country and strengthen the capacity of LGUs for
disaster risk reduction and management through
decentralized powers, responsibilities, and resources at the regional and local levels.
12) Recognize and strengthen the capacities of LGUs and communities in mitigating and preparing
for, responding to, and recovering from the impact of disasters.
13) Engage the participation of civil society organizations (CSOs), the private sector and volunteers in
the government’s disaster risk reduction programs towards complementation of resources and
effective delivery of services to the Citizenry.
14) Develop and strengthen the capacities of vulnerable and marginalized groups to mitigate, prepare
for, respond to, and recover from the effects of disasters.
15) Enhance and implement a program where humanitarian aid workers, communities, health
professionals, government aid agencies, donors, and the media are educated and trained on how they
can actively support breastfeeding before and during a disaster and/or an emergency.
16) Provide maximum care, assistance and services to individuals and families affected by disaster,
implement emergency rehabilitation projects to lessen the impact of disaster, and facilitate resumption
of normal social and economic activities.
Structure of the DRRM
A. National DRRM Councils
According to National Economic and Development Authority, 2020, the National DRRMC is
designated with policymaking, coordination, integration, supervision, and monitoring and evaluation
functions. It is headed by the Secretary of the Department of National Defense (DND) as Chairperson,
with the Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) as Vice-
Chairperson for Disaster Preparedness, the Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) as Vice-Chairperson for Disaster Response, the Secretary of the Department
of Science and Technology (DOST) as Vice-Chairperson for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, and
the Secretary of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) as the Vice-Chairperson
for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery. Other members include other government agencies like
DOH, DPWH, DepEd and many more.
Functions of the NDRRMC
1. Develop a NDRRM Framework.
2. Create NDRRM Plan (NDRRMP).
3. Advise the President on the status of disaster preparedness, prevention, mitigation, response and
rehabilitation operations. As well as recommend to the President the declaration of a state of calamity

in areas.
4. Ensure a multi-stakeholder participation.
5. Establish a national early warning and emergency alert system.
6. Develop appropriate risk transfer mechanisms.
7. Monitor the development and enforcement required by this Act.
8. Manage and mobilize resources.
9. Monitor and provide the necessary guidelines and procedures on the Local Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Fund (LDRRMF).
10. Develop assessment tools in coordination with the Climate

Change Commission.
11. Develop vertical and horizontal coordination mechanisms.
12. Formulate a national institutional capability building program.
13. Formulate a national agenda for research and technology development.
14. Formulate and implement a framework for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction
and management.
15. Constitute a technical management group.
16. Task the OCD to conduct periodic assessment and performance monitoring of the member-
agencies.
17. Coordinate or oversee the implementation of the country’s obligations with disaster management
treaties.

B. Regional DRRM Councils (RDRRMC)

The Regional DRRM Councils (RDRRMC) is the regional arm of NDRRMC. They are responsible
for coordinating, integrating, supervising and evaluating DRRM activities of the Local DRRM
Councils. It is headed by the Regional Director of the Office of Civil Defense (OCD).
Functions of the RDRRMC
1. Coordinate, integrate, supervise, and evaluate the activities of the LDRRMC.

2. Ensuring disaster sensitive regional development plans.

3. Establish an operating facility to be known as the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Operations Center (RDRRMC).
C. Local DRRM Councils (LDRRMC)
The Local DRRM Councils shall be known as Provincial or Municipality Disaster Coordinating
Councils. The Barangay Development Council (BDC) shall undertake the powers and functions of the
council at the barangay level. It is composed of multi‐sectoral and multi‐agency members. LDRRMCs
oversee the implementation of the Local DRRM Plans (LDRRMPs) formulated by Local DRRM
Offices (LDRRMOs).
Functions of the LDRRMCS
1. Approve, monitor and evaluate the implementation of the LDRRMPs.
2. Ensure the integration of DRR and climate change adaptation.
3. Implementation of forced or preemptive evacuation.
4. Convene the local council.

D. Local DRRM Offices (LDRRMO)

LDRRMOs are established in every province under the office of the Governor, city under the office of
the City Mayor, municipality under the office of the municipality mayor and Barangay DRRM
Committees (BDRRMC) for the barangay level, headed by Barangay Chairman. Local DRRM
Offices sets the direction, development, implementation and coordination of DRRM programs and
activities within their territorial jurisdictions.
Functions of the LDRRMO
1. Set the direction, development and implementation of DRRM programs.
2. Design, program and coordinate DRRM Programs to NDRRMC.
3. Facilitate and support risk assessment and contingency plan.
4. Consolidate local disaster risk information.
5. Organize and conduct trainings.
6. Operate a multi hazard early warning system.
7. Formulate and implement a comprehensive LDRRMP.
8. Prepare and submit to the Local Sanggunian.
9. Conduct continuous disaster monitoring.
10. Identify, assess and manage hazard vulnerabilities and risk.
11. Disseminate information and raise public awareness.
12. Identify and implement cost effective risk reduction measures/strategies.
13. Maintain database of human resources, equipment, directories and location of critical
infrastructure.
14. Develop partnership with the private sectors, CSOs and volunteer groups.
15. Take all necessary steps on continuing the provision.
16. Organize, equip, train and supervise local emergency team.
17. Respond and manage the adverse effects of emergencies and carried out recovery activities.

18. Promote and raise public awareness and compliance with the act.
19. Serve as secretariat and executive arm of LRRMC.
20. Coordinate with DRRM activities.
21. Establish network with LGU.
22. Recommend the enhancement of local ordinance relate to the act.
23. Implement policies, approved plans and program of LRRMC.
24. Establish Provincial/City/Municipality/Barangay operation center.
25. Prepare and submit report on utilization of LDRRM Fund.
26. Act on other matter that authorized by LDRRMC.
Disaster Volunteers
According to Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR) of RA 1012, the following feature disaster
volunteers.
1. Their mobilization may be undertaken by
a. government agencies
b. civil service organizations
c. private sector, and local government units.
2. Their enhancement, welfare, and protection will be the responsibility :
a. agencies
b. civil service organizations
c. private sector, or
d. Local government unit which assembled them.
3. Their accreditation and inclusion in the database are done at municipal or city level.
4. They will follow guidelines set by the NDRRMC.
5. They are entitled to compensatory benefits and insurance under the guidelines.
Education and Training
According to Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR) of RA 10121, education and training is ruled
to:
1. Integrate in the school curricula of DRR education for both of secondary and tertiary level of
education including National Service Training Program (NSTP) whether private or public or formal
and non-formal, technical-vocational, indigenous learning, and out of school youth courses and
programs.
2. Encourage the youth to participate in DRRM activities headed by SK councils together with the
DRRMCs.
3. Imposed trainings to the public sector employees that focus on emergency response and
preparedness.

Declaration of State of Calamity

According to IRR of RA 10121, it is ruled that
A. Declaration and lifting of state of calamity by the President
- It shall be recommend by National Council
- It can be a clustered of barangays, municipalities, cities, provinces, and regions.
- International humanitarian assistance may be necessary.

B. Declaration and lifting of state of calamity by Local Sanggunian

- Issued based on the recommendation of the LDRRMC
- Based on the result of the damage assessment.

Remedial Measures
According to IRR of RA 10121, it is ruled that the member agencies must mandatorily undertake the
following remedial measure when the state of calamity was declared:
a. Imposition of price ceiling on basic necessities and prime commodities as recommended by
implementing agency to the President.
b. Local Price Coordination Council shall monitor, prevent and control overpricing/profiteering and
hoarding of prime commodities, medicines and petroleum products.
c. Programming/reprogramming of funds for the repair and safety upgrading of public infrastructures
and facilities.
d. Granting of no-interest loans by government financing or lending institutions to the most affected
section of the population.

Prohibited Acts
According to IRR of RA 10121 the following are the prohibited acts during the declaration of state of
calamity:
1. Dereliction of duties which leads to destruction, loss of lives, critical damage of facilities and
misuse of funds
2. Preventing the entry and distribution of relief goods in disaster stricken areas, including appropriate
technology, tools, equipment, accessories, disaster teams/experts
3. Buying, for consumption or resale, from disaster relief agencies any relief goods, equipment or
other and commodities which are intended for distribution to disaster affected communities
4. Buying, for consumption or resale, from the recipient disaster affected persons any relief goods,
equipment or other aid commodities received by them.
5. Selling of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities which are intended for distribution to
disaster victims
6. Forcibly seizing relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities intended for or consigned to a
specific group of victims or relief agency
7. Diverting of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities to persons other than the rightful
recipient or consignee
8. Accepting, possessing, using or disposing relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities not
intended for nor consigned to him/her
9. Misrepresenting the source of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities by:
a. Covering, replacing or defacing the labels of the containers to make it appear that the goods,
equipment or other aid commodities came from another agency or persons;
b. Repacking the! goods, equipment or other aid commodities into containers with different markings
to make it appear that the goods came from another agency or persons or was released upon the
instance of a particular agency or persons; and
c. Making false verbal claim that the goods, equipment or other and commodity m its untampered
original containers actually came from another agency or persons or was released upon the instance of
a particular agency or persons.
10. Substituting or replacing relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities with the same items or
inferior/cheaper quality. Illegal solicitations by persons or organizations representing others as
defined in the standards and guidelines set by the NDRRMC
11. Deliberate use of false at inflated data in support of the request for funding, relief goods,
equipment or other aid commodities for emergency assistance or livelihood projects
12. Tampering with or stealing hazard monitoring and disaster preparedness equipment and
paraphernalia

Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Funds

1. According to IRR of RA 10121 LDRRM Fund must be not less than 5% of estimated revenue from
regular sources shall be set aside to support disaster risk management activities such as, but not
limited to, pre-disaster preparedness programs (training, purchasing life-saving rescue equipment,
supplies and medicines) and post-disaster activities.
2. It is the duty of the LDRRMC to monitor and evaluate the use and disbursement of the LDRRMF.
3. Upon the recommendation of the LDRRMO and approval of Sanggunian concerned, it may transfer
the said fund to support disaster risk reduction work of other LDRRMCs which are declared under
state of calamity by the LDRRMC.
4. Quick Response Fund - Quick Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund is amounting to Thirty
percent (30%) of LDRRMF, that is allocated for relief and recovery programs.
5. Special Trust Fund – unused LDRRMF shall be converted to trust fund for the purpose of DRRM
activities of the LDRRMC within the next five years. Any
such amount that is not fully utilized after 5 years shall be return to the general fund and can be made
available for other social services by the
local Sanggunian.
6. LRRMC shall make its reports on utilization of LRRMF open to public by publication and posting.

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Funds

1. According to IRR of RA 10121, NDDRM fund should be used for disaster risk reduction or
mitigation, prevention and preparedness activities. It can be utilized for relief, recovery,
reconstruction and other work or service in connection with natural or human- induced calamities that
may occur during the budget year or in the past 2 years from the budget year.
2. NDRRM fund amount and the recipient agencies and/or LGUs are based on the approval of
President with the recommendation of NDDRMC.
3. Quick Response Fund - Thirty percent (30%) from the NDRRM Fund shall be allocated as Quick
Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund to the agencies identifies by NDRRMC It will be used for
relief and recovery programs in order that situation and living conditions of people in communities or
areas stricken by disasters, calamities, epidemics, or complex emergencies, may be normalized as
quickly as possible.
4. All departments, bureaus, offices and agencies of the government shall submit their monthly
statements on the utilization of the funds.
5. All departments, bureaus, offices and agencies of the government are hereby authorized to use a
portion of their appropriations to implement projects designed to address DRRM activities in
accordance with the guidelines to be issued by the NDRRMC in coordination with the DBM.

Funding of the Office of Civil Defense (OCD)

OCD as the lead agency to carry out the provisions of the act , shall be allocated a budget of one
billion pesos (Php1,000,000,000.00) revolving fund.
NDRMM Plan 2011-2028
It sets that expected outcomes, outputs, key activities, indicators, lead agencies, implementing
partners, and timelines under each of the four mutually reinforcing thematic areas of:
1. disaster prevention and mitigation; 3. disaster response; and
2. disaster preparedness; 4. disaster rehabilitation and recovery

“Safer, adaptive, and disaster resilient Filipino communities toward sustainable development” is the
vision of NDRRM plan (NDRRMP). All priority areas correspond to the structure of the NDRRMC.
In addition, NDRRMP hopes to achieve its objectives through the utilization and application of each
government agency’s own expertise and capacities. Each priority area is managed and monitored by
certain government agencies to meet the
objectives of the NDRRMP.”