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Java do-while loop with Examples
Last Updated : 22 Mar, 2023
Loops in Java come into use when we need to repeatedly execute a block of
statements. Java do-while loop is an Exit control loop. Therefore, unlike for or
while loop, a do-while check for the condition after executing the statements of
the loop body.

Syntax:

do
{
// Loop Body
Update_expression
}

// Condition check
while (test_expression);
Note: The test_expression for the do-while loop must return a boolean value , else
we would get compile-time error.

Application of do-while : Its example application is showing some kind of menu to

the users.

For example:

You are implementing a game where you show some options to the user, press 1 to do
this .., press 2 to do this .. etc and press ‘Q’ to quit the game. So here you want
to show the game menu to the user at least once, so you write the code for the game
menu inside the do-while loop.

Illustration:

// Java Program to Illustrate One Time Iteration

// Inside do-while Loop
// When Condition IS Not Satisfied

// Class
class GFG {
 // Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// initial counter variable
int i = 0;

do {

// Body of loop that will execute minimum

// 1 time for sure no matter what
System.out.println("Print statement");
i++;
}

// Checking condition
// Note: It is being checked after
// minimum 1 iteration
while (i < 0);
}
}
Output
Print statement
Output explanation:

In the above code, we figured out that the condition is checked later as the body
inside do will get executed one time without fail as the condition is checked later
onwards. Hence whenever we want to display the menu and later on proceed command on
the terminal, we always use do-while loop.

Components of do-while Loop

A. Test Expression: In this expression, we have to test the condition. If the
condition evaluates to true then we will execute the body of the loop and go to
update expression. Otherwise, we will exit from the while loop. For example:

i <= 10
B. Update Expression: After executing the loop body, this expression
increments/decrements the loop variable by some value. For example:

i++;
Execution of do-While loop
Control falls into the do-while loop.
The statements inside the body of the loop get executed.
Updation takes place.
The flow jumps to Condition
Condition is tested.
If Condition yields true, go to Step 6.
If Condition yields false, the flow goes outside the loop
The flow goes back to Step 2.
Flowchart do-while loop:

Implementation:

Example 1: This program will try to print “Hello World” 5 times.

// Java Program to Illustrate Do-while Loop

// Class
class GFG {

// Main driver method

public static void main(String args[])
{

// Declaring and initialization expression

int i = 1;

// Do-while loop
do {

// Body of do-while loop

// Print statement
System.out.println("Hello World");

// Update expression
i++;
}

// Test expression
while (i < 6);
}
}
Output:
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World

Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Output explanation:

The program will execute in the following manner as follows:

Program starts.
i is initialized with value 1.
Execution enters the loop
“Hello World” gets printed 1st time.
Updation is done. Now i = 2.
Condition is checked. 2 < 6 yields true.
Execution enters the loop.
“Hello World” gets printed 2nd time.
Updation is done. Now i = 3.
Condition is checked. 3 < 6 yields true.
Execution enters the loop
“Hello World” gets printed 3rd time
Updation is done. Now i = 4.
Condition is checked. 4 < 6 yields true.
Execution enters the loop
“Hello World” gets printed 4th time
Updation is done. Now i = 5.
Condition is checked. 5 < 6 yields true.
Execution enters the loop
“Hello World” gets printed 5th time
Updation is done. Now i = 6.
Condition is checked. 6 < 6 yields false.
The flow goes outside the loop.
Example 2

// Java Program to Illustrate Do-while Loop

// Class
class GFG {

// Main driver method

public static void main(String args[])
{
// Declaring and initializing integer values
int x = 21, sum = 0;

// Do-while loop
do {

// Execution statements(Body of loop)

// Here, the line will be printed even

// if the condition is false
sum += x;
x--;
}

// Now checking condition

while (x > 10);

// Summing up
System.out.println("Summation: " + sum);
}
}
Output:
Summation: 176

Example 3: do-while loop without curly braces {}

/*package whatever //do not write package name here */

import java.io.*;

class GFG {
public static void main (String[] args) {
int i=1;
do
// only single statement in do block
System.out.println("Hello GFG!");
// this condition is false so only do block will execute
while(i>=3);

}
}
Output
Hello GFG!
&list=PLqM7alHXFySF5ErEHA1BXgibGg7uqmA4_&ab_channel=GeeksforGeeks

Related Articles:

Loops in Java
Java For loop with Examples
Java while loop with Examples
Difference between while and do-while loop in C, C++, Java
Difference between for and do-while loop in C, C++, Java

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