Servlet API
The javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages represent interfaces and classes for
servlet api.
The javax.servlet package contains many interfaces and classes that are used by the
servlet or web container. These are not specific to any protocol.
The javax.servlet.http package contains interfaces and classes that are responsible
for http requests only.
Let's see what are the interfaces of javax.servlet package.
Interfaces in javax.servlet package
There are many interfaces in javax.servlet package. They are as follows:
1. Servlet
2. ServletRequest
3. ServletResponse
4. RequestDispatcher
5. ServletConfig
6. ServletContext
7. SingleThreadModel
8. Filter
9. FilterConfig
10. FilterChain
11. ServletRequestListener
12. ServletRequestAttributeListener
13. ServletContextListener
14. ServletContextAttributeListener
Classes in javax.servlet package
There are many classes in javax.servlet package. They are as follows:
1. GenericServlet
2. ServletInputStream
3. ServletOutputStream
4. ServletRequestWrapper
5. ServletResponseWrapper
6. ServletRequestEvent
7. ServletContextEvent
8. ServletRequestAttributeEvent
9. ServletContextAttributeEvent
10. ServletException
11. UnavailableException
Interfaces in javax.servlet.http package
There are many interfaces in javax.servlet.http package. They are as follows:
1. HttpServletRequest
2. HttpServletResponse
3. HttpSession
4. HttpSessionListener
5. HttpSessionAttributeListener
6. HttpSessionBindingListener
7. HttpSessionActivationListener
8. HttpSessionContext (deprecated now)
Classes in javax.servlet.http package
There are many classes in javax.servlet.http package. They are as follows:
1. HttpServlet
2. Cookie
3. HttpServletRequestWrapper
4. HttpServletResponseWrapper
5. HttpSessionEvent
6. HttpSessionBindingEvent
7. HttpUtils (deprecated now)
Deployment Descriptor:
In a java web application a file named web.xml is known as
deployment descriptor. It is a xml file and <web-app> is the root
element for it. When a request comes web server uses web.xml file
to map the URL of the request to the specific code that handle the
request.
Sample code of web.xml file:
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>servletName</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servletClass</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servletName</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
How web.xml works:
When a request comes it is matched with url pattern in servlet
mapping attribute. In the above example all urls mapped with the
servlet. You can specify a url pattern according to your need. When
url matched with url pattern web server try to find the servlet name
in servlet attributes same as in servlet mapping attribute. When
match found control is goes to the associated servlet class.
Servlet “Hello World” example by
extending HttpServlet class.
HelloWorld.java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* This servlet program is used to print "Hello World"
* on client browser using HttpServlet class.
* @author w3spoint
*/
public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
//no-argument constructor.
public HelloWorld() {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse
response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<h1>Hello World using HttpServlet
class.</h1>");
out.close();
}
}
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloWorld</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
edu.gecm.business.HelloWorld
</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloWorld</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/HelloWorld</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Output:
