Viisaus Science (VSC)
Materials and their structure
Objective
• 7Cm.01 Understand that all matter is made of
atoms, with each different type of atom being a
different element.
• 7Cm.02 Know that the Periodic Table presents
the known elements in an order.
• 7Cm.03 Know metals and non-metals as the two
main groupings of elements.
• 7Cm.04 Describe the differences between
elements, compounds and mixtures, including
alloys as an example of a mixture.
Atom
• All matter made of atoms. Atom is the
smallest particle of a chemical element that
can exits.
• There are many different types of atom.
Scientists have discovered 94 different types
of atom that occur naturally in the universe.
Element
• Some substances made of just one kind of atom
called an element.
• For example:
– Gold is made only of gold atoms
– Silver is made only of silver atoms
Periodic Table
• Scientist use Periodic Table to arranging the
118 known elements (94 natural and 24 man-
made).
• The periodic table is organised into row and
columns. The row called periods and columns
called groups. The atoms are organised across
the period, form left to right according to
increase in mass.
Periodic Table
Periodic Table
Compound
• Many substance are made up of more than
one type of atom. If the different types of
atom are joined tightly together, then the
substance is a compound.
• The chemical term for two atoms joining
tightly together is bonding. In compound, two
or more different kinds of atoms are bonded.
Example of compound
• Sodium chloride (common salt) is not similar at all with sodium or
chlorine because the properties of compound are completely
different from the properties of elements that it is made from.
Mixture
• When iron and sulfur mixed together, mixture
of two elements will be produced.
• A mixture is not pure. It is made up of
different kinds of particle that are mixed
together. The mixture may be of elements,
compounds or both.
Mixture
Metal and non-metal
• Metals are very useful materials. Materials are
the substances from which objects are made.
• Metals are strong and tough. They do not
shatter when dropped and they do no crack
easily. They can hold large weights without
breaking.
• While non-metals are often very useful
because of the chemical reaction they have
with other substances.
Metal vs Non-metal
Homework 27/3/2024
• Metal mixtures are called alloy.
– Define alloys.
– Give 5 examples of alloys in everyday life and
explain their properties.
• Submit the homework via Google Classroom.
• Due date: 1/4/2024(MON)
