Grid, Transformer, Transmission Lines
Manual Calculations
Grid Input Data
Grid Voltage = 400 KV
Max 3ph fault Voltage = 40 KA
Max 1ph fault Voltage = 40 KA
X/R ratio of 3ph = 14
X/R ratio of 1ph = 14
MVAb = 100
1
To Find;
If = I base * Ipu * C factor
Ipu = Vpu / Zpu
Zpu = Z actual / Z base
Zpu = (KVa2/MVAa)*( KVb2/MVAb)
Zpu = MVAb/MVAa
MVAa = √3*V*Isc
= √3*400*40
MVAa = 27712.8129 MVA
Zpu = 100/27712.8129
Zpu = 0.003608439185 p. u
Z1 grid = 0.00360843917 p. u
Transformer Input Data
MVAb = 100 MVA
HV Voltage = 400 KV
LV Voltage = 110 Kv
Power Rating = 80 MVA
Impedance = 12.5 %
Reactance = 12.497 %
Resistance = 0.278 %
2
To Find;
K = MVAb/MVAa = 100/80
K = 1.25
%X = 12.497 * 1.25 %X = 15.6213 %
%R = 0.278 * 1.25 %R = 0.3475 %
%Z = 1.25 / 12.5 %Z = 15.62511 %
(Usually When there is no X/R ratio given)
Kt = 0.95*[(C Max)/ (1+0.6* Xt)]
Kt = 0.95*[1.1 / (1+0.6* 0.1249)]
Kt = 0.9721093
Z1 transformer = Kt * %Z (new)
Z1 transformer = 0.9721093*15.62511
Z1 transformer = 15.18921%
Z1 transformer = 0.151895 p. u
When grid and transformer is connected in the system fault
on transformer LV bus bar.
I p.u = V p.u/ Z p.u
I p.u = V p.u/ (Z1 grid + Z1 transformer)
I p.u = 1/ (0.00360843917 + 0.151895)
I p.u = 6.43072 p. u
3
I base = MVAb /√3* V base
I base = 100/√3* 110
I base = 0.5248638 KA
If = I base *I p.u *C factor (max)
If = 0.5248638 *6.43072 *1.1
If = 3.71277735 KA
Transmission Line Input Data
Length = 100 Km
Voltage = 110 Kv
Resistance = 0.1 ohm/Km 0.1*100 = 10
Reactance = 0.4 ohm/Km 0.4*100 = 40
Admittance = 3.6 Micro ohm/Km
Actual Resistance = 10 ohm
Actual Reactance = 40 ohm
To Find;
Z1 p. u = Z actual/Z base
Z actual = √(R2+X2)
Z actual = √102+402
Z actual = 41.2311 ohm
Z base = KVB2/MVAb
Z base = 1102/100
4
Z base = 121 ohm
Z1 p. u Tr. Line = Z actual/Z base
Z1 p. u Tr. Line = 41.2311 /121
Z1 Tr. Line = 0.34075 p. u
When grid and transformer and transmission Line is
connected in the system fault on transformer Line Connected
bus bar.
I fault = Ib* I p.u* C factor
I p.u = V p.u / Z p. u
I p.u = V p.u / (Z1 grid + Z1 transformer + Z1 Tr. Line)
I p.u = 1 / (0.00360843917 + 0.151895 + 0.34075)
I p.u = 2.01511 p. u
I base = MVAb/√3* V base
I base = 100/√3*110
I base = 0.52486 KA
If = I base *Ipu *C factor
If = 0.52486 *2.01511 *1.1
If = 1.1634156 KA