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DBMS

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33 views12 pages

DBMS

Uploaded by

kokaneshivaji814
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Management System

(DBMS)

By S.L. Kokane
UNIT -I
Advantages of DBMS

• Controls database redundancy: It can control data redundancy because it stores


all the data in one single database file and that recorded data is placed in the
database.
• Data sharing: In DBMS, the authorized users of an organization can share the data
among multiple users.
• Easily Maintenance: It can be easily maintainable due to the centralized nature of
the database system.
• Reduce time: It reduces development time and maintenance need.
• Backup: It provides backup and recovery subsystems which create automatic
backup of data from hardware and software failures and restores the data if required.
• multiple user interface: It provides different types of user interfaces like graphical
user interfaces, application program interfaces
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UNIT -I
Disadvantages of DBMS

• Cost of Hardware and Software: It requires a high speed of data


processor and large memory size to run DBMS software.
• Size: It occupies a large space of disks and large memory to run them
efficiently.
• Complexity: Database system creates additional complexity and
requirements.
• Higher impact of failure: Failure is highly impacted the database because
in most of the organization, all the data stored in a single database and if
the database is damaged due to electric failure or database corruption then
the data may be lost forever.

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UNIT -I
Features of DBMS

• It uses a digital repository established on a server to store and manage the


information.
• It can provide a clear and logical view of the process that manipulates data.
• DBMS contains automatic backup and recovery procedures.
• It contains ACID properties which maintain data in a healthy state in case
of failure.
• It can reduce the complex relationship between data.
• It is used to support manipulation and processing of data.
• It is used to provide security of data.
• It can view the database from different viewpoints according to the
4 requirements of the user.
UNIT -I
Data abstraction in Database Management System

• The main purpose of data abstraction is to hide irrelevant data and provide
an abstract view of the data.
• With the help of data abstraction, developers hide irrelevant data from the
user and provide them the relevant data. It can provide a clear and logical
view of the process that manipulates data.
Levels of Data Abstractions in DBMS
• In DBMS, there are three levels of data abstraction, which are as follows:
1. Physical Level
2. Logical Level
3. View Level
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UNIT -I
Data abstraction in Database Management System

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UNIT -I
Data abstraction in Database Management System
1. Physical or Internal Level:
• The physical or internal layer is the lowest level of data abstraction in the
database management system.
• It is the layer that defines how data is actually stored in the database. It
defines methods to access the data in the database.
• It defines complex data structures in detail, so it is very complex to
understand, which is why it is kept hidden from the end user.
• Data Administrators (DBA) decide how to arrange data and where to store
data. The Data Administrator (DBA) is the person whose role is to manage
the data in the database at the physical or internal level.
• There is a data center that securely stores the raw data in detail on hard drives
7 at this level.
UNIT -I
Data abstraction in Database Management System
2. Logical or Conceptual Level:
• The logical or conceptual level is the intermediate or next level of data
abstraction. It explains what data is going to be stored in the database and
what the relationship is between them.
• It describes the structure of the entire data in the form of tables. The logical
level or conceptual level is less complex than the physical level. With the
help of the logical level, Data Administrators (DBA) abstract data from
raw data present at the physical level.

8
UNIT -I
Data abstraction in Database Management System
3. View or External Level:
• View or External Level is the highest level of data abstraction. There are
different views at this level that define the parts of the overall data of the
database. This level is for the end-user interaction; at this level, end users
can access the data based on their queries.
Advantages of data abstraction in DBMS
• Users can easily access the data based on their queries.
• It provides security to the data stored in the database.
• Database systems work efficiently because of data abstraction.

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UNIT -I
File based systems

• File based systems were an early attempt to computerize the


manual system.
• It is also called a traditional based approach in which a
decentralized approach was taken where each department stored
and controlled its own data with the help of a data processing
specialist.
• The main role of a data processing specialist was to create the
necessary computer file structures, and also manage the data
within structures and design some application programs that
create reports based on file data.
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UNIT -I
File based systems

• Consider an example of a student's file


system. The student file will contain
information regarding the student (i.e.
roll no, student name, course etc.).
Similarly, we have a subject file that
contains information about the subject
and the result file which contains the
information regarding the result.
• Some fields are duplicated in more than
one file, which leads to data redundancy.
So to overcome this problem, we need to
create a centralized system, i.e. DBMS
approach.
11
UNIT -I
DBMS Approach

A database approach is a well-organized collection of data that are related in a meaningful


way which can be accessed by different users but stored only once in a system. The
various operations performed by the DBMS system are: Insertion, deletion, selection,
sorting etc.

In the above figure, duplication of data is reduced due to centralization of data.


12

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