Detailed Lesson Plan in Science 8

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:
a. identify the parts that works together to form the digestive system and their functions,
b. describe how some accessory organs and glands help the body in the digestive
process,
c. demonstrate the process in the digestive system,
d. give the importance of the digestive system in our body.

II. Subject Matter

a. Topic: Structure and Function of the Digestive System
b. Reference: Science 8_Quarter 4_Module 1 pp. 8-11
c. Materials: Laptop

III. Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

A. Preliminary Activities
 Greetings
Good morning, everyone this is
Ma’am Aila and welcome to our
class!
Good morning, Ma’am!
 Class structuring
Before we start the class, I would
like to have few reminders.
o Be on time
o Turn off your mic to avoid
disrupting the class
discussion
o raise hand if you want to
answer or if you have
questions
Are we clear?
Yes, Ma’am!

 Prayers
Before we start let’s have our
opening prayer.

In the name of the father, of the In the name of the father, of the son, and the
son, and the Holy Spirit, Father Holy Spirit, Father God, as we start the new
God, as we start the new day for day for learning, we ask for your guidance.
learning, we ask for your Lead us all the way, Amen.
guidance. Lead us all the way,
Amen.

 Attendance
Class for your attendance I will
send a google form and just click
present. This will serve as your
attendance for today.

 Motivation
I am going to show you 4 pictures
and guess the word being describe
Yes, Ma’am!
in the picture. Are you ready?

(The teacher will show the pictures

 and the students will guess what
are these picture) (The students will guess the name of the
organs in the picture)

Very Good, class! After naming

the organs what do you think is our
topic for today?

Yes, Anna? Ma’am our topic for today is the digestive

system.

Exactly! Thank you, Anna.

B. Lesson Proper
For that here’s the objectives for
today’s lesson
a. identify the parts that works
together to form the digestive
system and their functions,
b. describe how some accessory
organs and glands help the
body in the digestive process,
c. demonstrate the process in the
digestive system,
d. give the importance of the
digestive system in our body.
Before we start let me ask you a
question, do you eat breakfast, lunch or
dinner? Yes, Ma’am!

Do you have any idea what will

happen to them inside our body? Don’t
worry because today we will find out more
about the digestive system which
responsible for breaking down the food we
eat.

Let’s define the digestive system, would

you read the slide Bea! The digestive system is used for breaking
down food into nutrients which then pass
into the circulatory system and taken to
where they are needed in the body.
.

The digestive system breaks down food

into simple nutrients such as
carbohydrates, fats and proteins. These can
then be absorbed into your blood, so your
body can use them for energy, growth and
repair. Anything that isn't used is waste,
and leaves the body as feces.

we can see in the image that parts of the

digestive system, it starts with the mouth,
followed by the esophagus then in the
stomach, small intestine, large intestine
and the anus. We can also see the liver,
bladder and pancreas.

As you can see on the diagram the

digestive system follows a process into our
body namely the ingestion, digestion,
absorption, assimilation and egestion.
Will you read the slide, Chesca! Ingestion- taking in food
Digestion – Breakdown of food into nutrients
Absorption- Digested food is absorbed into
the body cells.
Assimilation – Absorbed food is use to
provide energy to form a new protoplasm
Egestion- Removal of undigested food

Thank you Chesca!

These are the five stages to food
processing in the digestive system. As you
can see the digestive process begins when
we take in the food this is called the
ingestion.
It happens in our mouth where we take in the
Where do you think this happen? Yes, food.
Anne

Exactly, thank you Anne. Ingestion

happens in our mouth when we take in the
food, and the mouth is the beginning of the
digestive tract. The mouth is the beginning of the digestive
Class what happens in the mouth? tract. mechanical and chemical digestion
Will you read the slide Cherry! happens in the mouth.

Mechanical Digestion
- Teeth bites, chews and grinds food
into something we can swallow
Chemical Digestion
- Salivary glands add saliva to begin
the digestive process of
carbohydrates and fats. The mass
chewed up food is called bolus
- Then, the tongue pushes food down
to the esophagus.

When we take in the food in our mouth, we

will chew the food and our teeth will
breaks the food into smaller pieces and this
is called the mechanical digestion and then
breaking down carbohydrates into sugar.
Then the bolus will be pushed down by the
tongue into the esophagus.
Esophagus
What happen in the esophagus? - hollow, muscular tube that passes food
Will you read the slide, Daren! and liquid from your throat to your
stomach.
- A series of wave-like muscle contraction
known as peristalsis push and transport
foods and liquids in small sections to the
stomach

Thank you, Daren!

.
Esophagus is a tube that attaches the
mouth to the stomach. It works as a
passage way of the bolus to reach the
stomach by the process of peristalsis.
Class, touch your neck and try to swallow.
When you swallow you will feel a wave-
like movement and that is called peristalsis

Next is the stomach, kindly read the slide The stomach is a J-shaped, bag-like muscular
Crizza! organ that can hold approximately one liter
of fluid and food, which turns to chyme after
being acted on by the stomach acid.

It stores food, which turns to chyme after

being acted upon the stomach acid.
Lining of the stomach is protected from the
gastric juices by a mucus covering so that the
gastric juices don’t try to digest the stomach
itself.

Thank you, Crizza!

The stomach receives the bolus from the
esophagus. When the bolus moves into
peristalsis and acted on by the stomach
acid it will form a semifluid material called
chyme.

Chyme is a semifluid material formed from .

bolus that is acted upon by the gastric
juices secreted by the stomach.

Before we proceed let’s take a short detour

into the three organs that are also part of
the digestive system and helps in secretion
of essential substances. And these organs
are? Will you read the slide Althea. These organs are the liver, the pancreas and
the gall bladder.

The liver produces bile, breakdowns fat and

remove toxins.

The gall bladder serves as a storage of the

bile

Lastly the pancreas makes different enzymes

namely amylase, peptidase and lipase release
through pancreatic duct that aid in the
digestion of carbohydrates, protein and fats.

Thank you, Althea!

The liver produces bile, a green fluid that
turns large fat droplets into smaller ones
and stores them in the gall bladder. When
needed, bile will go into the small intestine
and help with the digestion of fat.

Lastly the pancreas makes different

enzymes namely amylase, peptidase and
lipase release through pancreatic duct that
aid in the digestion of carbohydrates,
protein and fats.

The liver, the gall bladder and the pancreas

help in secretion of essential substances
and these substances will be passed off the
next organ which is the small intestine.

Next, what happens in the small intestine?

How does it function? Would you read,
Bea! Absorption occurs mostly in small intestine;
it is the process of passing the soluble food
molecules in the wall of the small intestine
through the villi.

Small intestine is an organ that breaks down

food further into substances, such as glucose,
that can be absorbed by the villi.

It has three parts; duodenum, jejunum and

ileum.

Thank you, Bea!

As we have mentioned, the small intestine
has three parts, Will you read the parts of
small intestine Ana! Duodenum is in charge for the continuous
breaking-down process as it partially
receives the chyme from the stomach, it
resumes chemical digestion of food, and
prepare for absorption through the villi

Jejunum its walls work for absorption

through enterocytes or columnar cells of
small nutrients which have been previously
digested by the enzymes in the duodenum.

The ileum’s main function is the assimilation

of B12 and re-assimilation of conjugated bile
salts.
Thank you, Ana!
In duodenum as we have said earlier the
carbohydrates, fats and protein that we
digest will be broken down with the
enzymes made by the pancreas for
example, carbohydrates are broken down
into sugar by enzymes like amylase,
maltase and lactase. After few hours, the
stomach pushes food into the small
intestines.

The next part is jejunum it also works for

absorption of small nutrients from the
duodenum. These nutrients will be
absorbed through the villi.

What are Villi? Will you read, Cris! Villi is the tiny finger-like projections in the
epithelial lining of the intestinal wall. Each
villus contains blood capillaries that enable it
to absorb water, glucose, amino acids,
vitamins, minerals and fatty acids.

Villi plays an important role in the

absorption of the nutrients from the food
we digest. In addition, we have the last part
of the small intestine which is the ileum.

Again, what is ileum? Anybody from the

class?

Yes, Brix? Ma’am, the ileum’s main function is the

assimilation of B12 and re-assimilation of
conjugated bile salts.

Exactly, since the main function of the

ileum is the assimilation of B12 and re -
assimilation of conjugated bile salts this
will lead us to the fourth process occurs in
the digestive system which is the
assimilation.

Again, what happens in assimilation? Assimilation is when the absorbed food is

Gian? use to provide energy to form a new
protoplasm

Thank you, Gian!

Assimilation is the process by which
absorbed nutrients are used by the body for
energy, growth, and cell repair.

After the small intestine, the next organ in

the digestive system is the large intestine.
Would you read the slide about this organ
Amy? Large intestine is divided into caecum,
ascending colon, transverse colon,
descending colon and sigmoid colon. This is
where reabsorption of liquid, electrolytes and
some vitamins from the undigested food
takes place. This is the last segment of the
gastrointestinal tract that completes
absorption and compacts waste.

Thank you, Amy!

The large intestine or the colon is
responsible for processing waste so that
emptying the bowels is easy and
convenient. Large intestine absorbs water,
minerals and vitamins. Undigested fiber is
mixed with mucus and bacteria, which
breaks down some of the fiber to keep the
large intestine healthy. Stool or the waste
left over from the digestive process are
formed and stay in the last part of the large
intestine before leaving the body through
the anus.

What organs are responsible for removing

undigested food in our body? will you read
Bea! Rectum connects the colon to the anus. It
receives the undigested food from the colon
called feces or stool.

Anus is the last part of the digestive tract; I

have pelvic floor muscles which detect rectal
contents and two anal sphincters; internal
and external. Internal sphincter prevents us
from excreting involuntarily while external
sphincter voluntarily hold stool until ready
and relaxes for defecation
 Thank you, Bea!
To make it simple, during egestion, the
release undigested food or the stool is
collected in the rectum and then the stool
will be pushed out of the body through the
anus by defecation.

Do you now understand how digestion

takes place and how the different organs in
the digestive system work? Yes, ma’am.

Do you have any questions or

clarification? None Ma’am!

Then may I ask the class what are the

different organs involve in the digestive
system?

Any volunteer? Yes Cris! The different organs involve in the digestive
system are mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver,
gall bladder, small and large intestine, rectum
and anus.

Very Good! Thank you, Amy.

C. Application
To further understand the lesson, let’s do
an activity called BREAD IN THE BAG.

Direction: Listen to your teachers, follow

the procedures properly, and answer the
following questions.

Materials: Bread, Water, Ziplock bag, bowl

Procedures: Procedures:
1. Take ½ piece of bread 1.Take ½ piece of bread
2. Obtain the zip lock bag. 2.Obtain the zip lock bag.
3. Tear your ½ sliced of bread into 3.Tear your ½ sliced of bread into smaller
smaller pieces and placed it into pieces and placed it into the bag. What does
the bag. What does this represent? this represent?
4. Pour smaller amount of water into Answer:
the bag. What does this represent? Food broken into smaller pieces by
5. Close the bag and squish the bread the teeth.
with your finger until all pieces are Mechanical digestion in the mouth.
small. What does this represent? 4.Pour smaller amount of water into the bag.
6. Drain the liquid contents down to What does this represent?
the bowl by creating a small gap Answer:
which prevent by escaping. What The food is mixed with the gastric
does this represent? juice of the stomach.
7. Put all the content of the bag into Chemical digestion in stomach
the garbage. What does this
represent? 5.Close the bag and squish the bread with
your finger until all pieces are small. What
does this represent?
Answer:
 It represents the peristalsis and
mechanical digestion in the
stomach.
(The teacher will call volunteers to share 6.Drain the liquid contents down to
their answer in the class). the bowl by creating a small gap
which prevent by escaping. What
does this represent?
Answer:
The bowl represents as the large
intestine. This process represents the
large intestine reabsorbing the water
of the undigested residue.

7.Put all the content of the bag into the

garbage. What does this represent?
Answer:
This process represents egestion
where the stored feces in the rectum
is excreted in the anus.

D. Generalization
Okay class, did you understand our lesson
for today?
Yes, ma’am!
Very good. It means you can now answer
these questions.
1. Briefly explain the of the process that
happens in the digestive system?
The digestive process begins when we take
in food through our mouth where we ingest
food and followed by digestion of food
where in the food will be broken into smaller
molecule. This smaller molecule will be
absorbed into our body cells and these are
used to provide energy or form new
protoplasm. Lastly, the undigested food will
be pushed out of the body through the anus
2. Will you give the importance of by defecation.
digestive system in our body?

Digestive System is important for breaking

down food into nutrients, which the body
uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. Food
and drink must be changed into smaller
molecules of nutrients before the blood
3. Can you enumerate the processes in absorbs them and carries them to cells
the digestive system? throughout the body.

Excellent class! Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation,

and egestion

IV. Evaluation
I. Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

1. The following organs are part of the

human digestive system
EXCEPT:
A. mouth
 B. esophagus
C. small Intestine
D. gastro vascular cavity

2. In which part of the digestive

system does the breaking down of food
into tinier pieces occur?
A. mouth
B. stomach
C. small intestine
D. large Intestine

3. Which of the following helps in the

digestion of food in the mouth?
A. amylase
B. bile
C. protease
D. saliva

4. Which of the following is produced

by the liver?
A. amylase
B. bile
C. pepsin
D. renin

5. Where does absorption of nutrients

mostly occur?
A. stomach
B. small intestine
C. large intestine
D. all the above

II. Identification: I.Identify what is

being asked in the following
sentences
____1. In here, the saliva softens the food
to of food into the pharynx.
____2. It reabsorbs water from undigested
food materials coming from the small
intestine.
____3. J-shaped organ found at the end of
the esophagus on the upper left side of the
abdomen or abdominal cavity that
produces
gastric juices and acids.
____4. Tiny structures line the internal
surface of the small intestine to increase
its surface area for the absorption of
nutrients.
____5. Organ that stores bile and pumps it
into duodenum.

(https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/
1FAIpQLSebrMLt9PJLND-
oHkhdoZxCBs5H2mKXv5jRkbXIHcWY
BPSsdA/viewform?usp=sf_link)

Answer Key:
I. Multiple Choice
1. D
 2. A
3. D
4. B
5. B

II. Identification
1. Mouth
2. Large Intestine
3. Stomach
4. Villi
5. Gall Bladder

V. Assignment
Research about the different digestive
disorder and write it on one whole
sheet of paper.

Prepared by:

AILA MAE SHANTHAL P. LIAD, LPT