For control use only

Name: ………………………………………………………….. Index No: …………….

School: ……………………………………………………….… Centre No: ..………….
Subject: Chemistry
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Republic of South Sudan For control use only
South Sudan National Examinations Council
Certificate of Secondary Education
2022
Subject: Chemistry Time: 3 Hours
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INSTRUCTIONS

Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions

1. This paper consists of two sections A and B.
2. Section A consists of 20 multiple choice questions (20 marks) and section B consists of 10
structured questions (80 marks). Circle the most correct answer in section A.
3. A candidate is required to attempt all questions in both sections.
4. A candidate is required to use blue ballpoint pen or black (avoid using liquid pens).
5. All answers must be written in the spaces provided and no additional answer booklet will be
provided.
6. Unnecessary crossing of work may lead to loss of marks.
7. Where necessary use: (Cu = 63.5, O = 16, H = 1, N = 14, S = 32, 1 Faraday = 96500
Coulombs, specific heat capacity of water = 4.2Jk-1g-1)
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Section Question Marks Marked by Checked by
A 1- 20
B 21-30

1
 SECTION A (20 Marks)
Circle the most correct answer from the alternatives provided.
1. The process by which a liquid changes to a solid is known as
A. Sublimation
B. Freezing B
C. Condensation
D. Evaporation
2. Which one of the following is the property of an acid?
A. Sour taste
B. Bitter taste A
C. Soapy feel
D. Turns litmus blue
3. The atomic number of an element is 18. What is the electronic configuration of element Y?
A. 2:8
B. 2:8:8 B
C. 2:8:8:8
D. 2:8:8:8:8
4. Which of the following elements is the most reactive in the reactivity series?
A. Copper
B. Zinc
C
C. Potassium
D. Lead
5. What is the percentage of nitrogen in air?
A. 78?
B. 21? A
C. 0.03?
D. 1?
6. Which one of the following is an allotrope of sulphur?
A. Diamond
B. Graphite D
C. Charcoal
D. Monoclinic
7. The diagram below is the structure of an atom

What is the number of protons of the atom above?

A. 20
B. 19 A
C. 18
D. 17
8. Molten lead (II) bromide was electrolyzed. Which ion is attracted at cathode?
A. Pb2+
A
2
 B. Br-
C. OH-
D. H+
9. The force required to put electrons into the energy level of an atom is
A. Ionization energy
B. Physical energy D
C. Chemical energy
D. Electron affinity
10. What is the molarity of chloride ion (Cl-) in 2M CaCl2 solution?
A. 1M
B. 2M D
C. 3M
D. 4M
11. In which group are elements with two electrons at their outermost shell?
A. Group I
B. Group II
B
C. Group III
D. Group IV
12. What is the number of gas molecules in 5.6 dm3 of CO2 at S.T.P?
A. 0.0015055x1023 molecules
B. 0.015055x1023 molecules D
C. 0.15055x1023 molecules
D. 1.5055x1023 molecules
13. Which catalyst is used during laboratory preparation of oxygen gas?
A. Vanadium pentoxide
B. Iron (III) hydroxide C
C. Manganese (IV) oxide
D. Copper (II) oxide
14. What name is given to elements with atomic number 89 to 103?
A. Transition elements
B. Main elements C
C. Actinide elements
D. Lanthanide elements
15. Which of the following substances cause temporary hardness in water?
A. Calcium hydrogen carbonate
B. Calcium sulphate A
C. Magnesium sulphate
D. Zinc oxide
16. The product formed when carbon dioxide is passed through lime water is
A. Calcium oxide
B. Calcium carbonate B
C. Calcium hydrogen carbonate
D. Calcium hydrogen sulphate
17. What name is given to an ore of aluminium?
A. Bauxite
B. Magnetite A
C. Blende

3
 D. Pyrite

18. The diagram below shows the energy level diagram of a chemical reaction.
Which energy level diagram is shown above?
A. Enthalpy
B. Entropy C
C. Endothermic
D. Exothermic
19. Which one of the following hydrocarbons is unsaturated?
A. C2H6
B. C2H4 B
C. C3H8
D. C4H10
20. The process by which smaller nuclides join together to form heavier nuclides and releasing even a
large quantity of energy is referred to as
A. Nuclear fission
B
B. Nuclear fusion
C. Nuclear neutron
D. Fission
SECTION B (80 Marks)
21. The table below shows part of the periodic table. Study it carefully and answer the questions that
follow.
U
Q
R S T

(a) Name one element that belongs to group II

R

(b) Write the formula of the compound formed between R and T.

RT2

(c) Which metal element is the most reactive in the periodic table?
Q

(d) State whether the compound formed in 21 (b) above can conduct electricity or not.
It conducts electricity because it has free mobile ions in aqueous solution

(e) Write the electronic configuration of the element.

4
 (i) S
2:8:6
(ii) U
2

(f) Which element in the periodic table is a noble gas?

U

22. (a) Define the following terms

(i) A strong acid
This is an acid which completely ionize in aqueous solution.

(ii) A strong base

A strong base is a substance which ionizes completely in an aqueous solution to
produce hydroxide ions as the only negatively charged ion.

(b) A strong acid of nitric acid (HNO3) reacted with a strong base of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
solution.
(i) Name the suitable indicator used for this reaction.
Phenolphthalein indicator

(ii) Write a well balanced symbol equation for the reaction in 22(b) above.
NaOH (aq) + HNO3(aq) ⟶ NaNO3 (aq) + H2O(l)

(c) State whether nitric acid conducts electricity or not. Give a reason for your answer.
It conducts electricity because of the free mobile electrons in an aqueous solution when ionized.

(d) Mention two properties of an acid.

✓ Have sour and sharp taste
✓ Turns blue litmus to red
✓ Acids reacts with metals to form salt and hydrogen gas
✓ Acids reacts with bases to form salt and water

23. The diagram below shows laboratory preparation of a dry carbon (IV) oxide gas. Study it carefully
and answer the questions that follow.

5
 (a) Name the chemicals labelled
(i) X Calcium carbonate
(ii) Y Concentrated sulphuric acid

(b) Write a well balanced symbol equation between dilute hydrochloric acid and chemical X.
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) ⟶ CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

(c) What is the use of chemical Y in the apparatus above?

To dry the gas

(d) Magnesium ribbon was dropped in a gas-jar of carbon (IV) oxide

(i) State what was observed
It continues to burn with sputtering flame forming black specks along the sides of the
gas-jar and white ash as the bottom.

(ii) Write a well balanced symbol equation in 23d(i) above

2Mg(s) + CO2(g) ⟶ 2MgO(s) + C(s)

(e) From the equation in 23d(ii) above, state whether magnesium is an oxidising agent or a reducing
agent. Give a reason for your answer.
It’s a reducing agent because it removed oxygen from carbon dioxide.

(f) Mention two physical properties of carbon (IV) oxide.

✓ It is a colourless gas
✓ It is denser than air
✓ It is slightly soluble in water forming carbonic acid.
✓ It turns blue litmus to pink since it is weakly an acidic gas

24. (a) What is meant by the following terms

(i) Electricity
Is a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles, either statically as an
accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.
OR
Is a form of energy produced by the flow of electrons.

(ii) Coulomb
This is the quantity of electricity that passes any section of a conductor in one second when a
current of one ampere is flowing through the conductor.

6
 (b) The diagram shows electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate using copper electrodes. Study it carefully
and answer the questions that follow.

(i) State what happens when the switch is put on.

The copper (II) sulphate solution completely ionizes liberating free ions in the electrolyte
resulting to discharge of ions at the electrodes. The copper anode dissolves in the
electrolyte and at the cathode, there is deposition of copper.

(ii) Write the half-equation at;

1. Anode
Cu(s) ⟶ Cu2+(aq) + 2𝑒 −

2. Cathode
Cu2+(aq) + 2𝑒 − ⟶ Cu(s)

(iii) What is the effect of having electrodes from the same elements?
To maintain the rate of producing the desired products of electrolysis.

(iv) What is the role of electrolysis?

To separate the compound into its original elements.

(c) Calculate the quantity of electricity passed when a current of 0.6 amperes flow for 50 minutes.
Solution
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑸) = 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑰) × 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝒕)
𝑡 = 50 × 60
= 3000𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
𝑄 = 0.5 × 3000
𝑄 = 1,800 C
∴ 1800 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

25. (a) Define the following terms

(i) Concentration
Concentration of a solution is the amount (grams or moles) of solute contained in 1
gram per litre

(ii) Molarity
The molarity of a solution is the number of moles of a substance
contained in one litre of solution.

7
 OR
Molarity is the concentration of the solution stated in terms of moles per litre.

(b) Calculate the concentration of calcium ion (Ca2+) in 2M CaCl2 solution.

Solution

𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 (𝑎𝑞) ⟶ 𝐶𝑎2+ (𝑎𝑞) + 2𝐶𝑙− (𝑎𝑞)

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 of CaCl2 : Ca2+ = 1 : 1
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎2+
1×2
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
1
= 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙./𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎2+

(c) Calculate the empirical formula of a compound but has 48.3% carbon, 8.12% hydrogen and
53.5% oxygen by mass.
Solution
Elements present: C H O
Percentage composition: 48.3 8.12 53.5

48.3 8.12 53.5

Number of moles: 12 1 16

4.025 8.12 3.344

4.025 8.12 3.344

Mole ratio: 3.344 3.344 3.344

Simplest ratio: 1 2 1
Empirical formula is CH2O

(d) 2.4g of copper metal where heated with excess sulphur to yield 2.25g of copper (I) sulphide.
What is the percentage yield of this reaction?
Solution

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = × 100
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
2𝐶𝑢(𝑠) + 𝑆(𝑠) → 𝐶𝑢2 𝑆(𝑠)
2.4
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 =
63.5
= 0.0378𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢 ∶ 𝐶𝑢2 𝑆 = 2: 1
1
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢2 𝑆 = × 0.0378
2
= 0.0189 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢2 𝑆 = (2 × 63.5) + 32
= 159𝑔
𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢2 𝑆 = 159 × 0.0189

8
 = 3.0051𝑔
2.25
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢2 𝑆 = × 100
3.0051
= 74.87%

26. (a) State Boyle’s law.

It states that the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure,
provided the temperature is kept constant.

(b) The volume of a fixed mass of a gas was found to be 224cm 3 at 288K. What would be the
temperature in K for the same gas if its volume increased to 280 cm 3?
Solution

𝑉1 = 224 𝑐𝑚3 𝑉2 = 280 𝑐𝑚3

𝑇1 = 288𝐾 𝑇2 = ?

𝑉1 𝑉2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2

280×288
𝑇2 =
224
𝑇2 = 360𝐾
∴ 360𝐾 𝑤𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒

(d) What is diffusion?

Diffusion refers to the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of
a low concentration down a concentration gradient.

(e) A gas occupies 78cm3 at 170C and 740mmHg pressure, at what temperature will it occupy 100
cm3 at 790mmHg pressure?
Solution

𝑃1 = 740𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 𝑃2 = 790𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑉1 = 78 𝑐𝑚3 𝑉2 = 100 𝑐𝑚3
𝑇1 (𝐾) = 17 + 273 = 290 𝐾 𝑇2 =?
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑃2 𝑉2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2
790×100×290
𝑇2 = 740×78
𝑇2 = 396.92 𝐾

(f) Equal volumes of carbon (II) oxide and carbon (IV) oxide were allowed to diffuse through the
same medium, calculate the relative rate of diffusion of carbon (II) oxide(C=12, O=16)
Solution

RMM of CO = 12+16 = 28
RMM of CO2 = 12 + (2x16) = 44

9
 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑂 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐶𝑂2
=√
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑂2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐶𝑂

𝑅𝐶𝑂 44
=√
𝑅𝐶𝑂2 28
𝑅𝐶𝑂
= 1.25
𝑅𝐶𝑂2
Carbon (II) oxide diffuses about 1.25 times faster than carbon (IV) oxide. This is because carbon (II)
is less dense than carbon (IV) oxide.

27. (a) What is

(i) A base
A base is an oxide or hydroxide of metals or ammonium group which reacts with an
acid to form a salt and water only.

(ii) Fractional crystallization

Is the process in a solute which remains in solution is removed by evaporating the
solution to its saturation point.
OR
Is the method of separating solutes with different solubilities in the same solvent.

(b) Calculate the solubility of potassium nitrate if 5g of it saturate 40cm 3 of water at 800C using the
first principle method.
Solution
Mass of water = 40cm3 x 1g/cm3
= 40g
40𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑑 5 𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
5
1 𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
40
5
100𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 × 100𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
40
= 12.5𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
∴ 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 12.5𝑔/100𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

10
 (c) The graph shows the solubility curves of potassium chloride and potassium nitrate.

Use the information to help you answer the following questions

(i) If 110g of a saturated solution of potassium chlorate at 30 0C containing 10g of salt is cooled
at 100C, determine the amount of salt that crystallizes out.
From the graph above, at 100C, the solubility of potassium chlorate is 6g/100g of water while
at 300C it is 10g/100g of water.
Mass of the salt that crystallizes out = (10 – 6)g
= 4g

(ii) Which salt will crystallize out the most?

Potassium nitrate

(d) Mention two ways on how permanent hardness in water can be removed.
✓ By adding washing soda (sodium carbonate)
✓ By distillation
✓ By ion exchange method.

28. The table below shows the bond energies of the chemical reactions below.
H2(g) + Cl2(g) ⟶ 2HCl(g)
Bond Bond energy (KJ/mol)
H-H 436
Cl-Cl 244
H-Cl 432

(a) Use the table above to calculate ∆H for the reaction above
(i) Calculate the total absorbed during bond breaking
Solution
Energy absorbed in H-H = + 436 KJ/mol
Energy absorbed in Cl-Cl = + 244 KJ/mol

11
 Total energy absorbed = +680 KJ/mol.

(ii) Find the energy released during new bond formation.

Bond formed = 2(H – Cl)
= 2(-432)
= -864 KJ/mol

(iii) Determine the resultant energy change.

Solution
Heat of reaction = Bond breaking + bond formation
= 680 + (-864)
= - 184 KJ/mol

(iv) Is the reaction above endothermic or exothermic? Give reason for your answer.
Exothermic reaction because the overall enthalpy change is negative.

(v) Draw a well labelled energy diagram for the enthalpy of formation of the product formed in
the reaction 28(a) above.

(b) Give two factors affecting rate of chemical reaction.

✓ Temperature
✓ Concentration
✓ Effect of catalyst
✓ Effect of pressure
✓ Effect of light

(c) State a catalyze used in the Haber process.

Finely divided iron catalyst

12
29. (a) The diagram below shows the extraction of iron from its ion. Study it carefully and answer the
questions that follow.

(i) What is an ore?

An ore is a naturally occurring substance from which a metal is extracted.

(ii) Name the substances

A Molten iron
B Slag
(iii) Draw an arrow on the diagram where
1. Blast of hot air entering in
2. Blast of hot air coming out
(iv) Mention one ore of iron
✓ Haematite
✓ Magnetite
✓ Spathic iron ore (FeCO3)
✓ Iron disulphide (pyrites, FeS2)

(v) State one impurity formed during the extraction of iron.

Silica (SiO2)

(vi) Write a well balanced equation leading to fine extraction of iron.

Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) ⇌ 2Fe (s) + 3CO2 (g)

(b) What method is used for extraction of reactive methods.

Electrolysis

30. (a) State the functional group of the following organic compounds
(i) Alkyne
𝑅−𝐶 ≡ 𝐶−𝑅

(ii) Alkanoic acid

𝑅 − 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻

13
(b) What is homologous series?
This refers to a family of organic compounds that have the same functional group and
follow a structural pattern in which each successive member differ in composition by a
constant group of atoms (-CH2).

(c) Decane was cracked to form products. Write a well balanced chemical equation leading to
cracking of decane.
𝐶10 𝐻22 ⟶ 𝐶2 𝐻4 + 𝐶8 𝐻18
OR
𝐶10 𝐻22 ⟶ 𝐶2 𝐻4 + 𝐶3 𝐻6 + 𝐶5 𝐻12
(d) Draw a structural isomer of a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula, C 5H10.

.
(e) Define the term polymerization?
Polymerization is process of combing low molecular weight molecules repeatedly in
some regular manner to form high molecular mass compound.
OR
Polymerization is the joining together of monomers to form polymers.

END

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