Chapter 35: Respiratory Tract Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition

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Chapter 35: Respiratory Tract

Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following does not distribute air?

a. Trachea
b. Bronchus
c. Alveolus
d. Nose
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 800
TOP: Introduction
2. Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?

a. Assists with homeostasis of body pH
b. Distributes oxygen to cells
c. Filters air
d. Warms air
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 800-801
TOP: Introduction
3. Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate?

a. It separates the nasal and cranial cavities.
b. It forms the lateral aspects of the nose.
c. It separates the internalTnose
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d. It forms a midline separation in the nasal cavity.
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 802
TOP: Structure of the Nose
4. The small openings in the cribriform plate function to:

a. allow air to move between the nostrils.
b. allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the
brain.
c. provide a filtering system for the inspired air.
d. do both A and B.
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 802
5. The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as:

a. nostrils.
b. anterior nares.
c. external nares.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803
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6. The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the:
a. larynx.
b. trachea.
c. oropharynx.
d. nasopharynx.
TOP: Structural Organization
7. The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the:

a. septum.
b. conchae.
c. cribriform plate.
d. turbinates.
8. Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane?

a. Vestibule
b. Posterior nares
c. Trachea
d. Primary bronchi
9. Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the
pharynx?
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a. Vestibule anterior nares inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares
b. Inferior, middle, and superior meatus nostrils vestibule posterior nares
c. Anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares
d. Anterior nares posterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus
TOP: Nose
10. The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the:

a. maxillary.
b. frontal.
c. ethmoid.
d. sphenoid.
11. The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of
_____ epithelium.
a. stratified columnar
b. pseudostratified columnar
c. simple squamous
d. simple columnar
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12. Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with:

a. bone marrow.
b. a serous fluid.
c. mucus.
d. air.
13. Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx?

a. Aids in forming vowel sounds
b. Provides pathway for food
c. Determines the quality of the voice
d. Provides pathway for air
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 804-805
TOP: Functions of the Pharynx
14. Olfactory epithelium is found:

a. lining the nasopharynx.
b. covering the superior turbinate.
c. lining the paranasal sinuses.
d. in all of the above.
TOP: Structure of the Nose TESTBANKSELLER.COM
15. The more common name for the pharynx is the:

a. throat.
b. windpipe.
c. voice box.
d. nasal cavity.
TOP: Pharynx
16. The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called:
a. choanae.
b. paranasal sinuses.
c. conchae.
d. vibrissae.
TOP: Functions of the Nose
17. The function of the vibrissae in the vestibule is to:

a. provide a large, mucus-covered surface area over which air must pass before
reaching the pharynx.
b. provide an initial “filter” to screen particulate matter from air that is entering the
system.
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c. produce copious quantities of mucus.

d. serve as resonating chambers for speech.
18. The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate
above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the:
a. nasopharynx.
b. oropharynx.
c. laryngopharynx.
d. sphenopharynx.
TOP: Structure of the Pharynx
19. The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the:
a. epiglottis.
b. cricoid cartilage.
c. glottis.
d. thyroid cartilage.
TOP: Structure of the Larynx
20. The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the:
a. oropharynx.
b. nasopharynx.
c. esophagus. TESTBANKSELLER.COM
d. Both A and B are correct.
21. The structure in the neck known as the “Adam’s apple” is the:
a. epiglottis.
b. cricoid cartilage.
c. glottis.
d. thyroid cartilage.
TOP: Cartilages of the Larynx
22. The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the:
a. trachea.
b. nose.
c. nasopharynx.
d. oropharynx.
TOP: Pharynx
23. The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the:
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a. cricoid cartilage.
b. thyroid cartilage.
c. corniculate cartilage.
d. epiglottis.
24. The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm.

a. 5
b. 11
c. 17
d. 24
TOP: Trachea
25. Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
a. Their origin is the hyoid bone.
b. They move the larynx as a whole.
c. They serve in voice production.
d. Both A and B are correct.
TOP: Muscles of the Larynx
26. The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are:

a. primary bronchi.
b. secondary bronchi. TESTBANKSELLER.COM
c. tertiary bronchi.
d. bronchioles.
TOP: Structure of the Bronchi
27. Which of the following is not a true statement?

a. When the diaphragm relaxes, it returns to a domelike shape.
b. When the diaphragm contracts, it pulls the floor of the thoracic cavity downward.
c. Changes in thorax size bring about inspiration and expiration.
d. Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax.
TOP: Functions of the Thoracic Cavity
28. Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the:
a. bronchioles.
b. secondary bronchi.
c. primary bronchi.
d. alveoli.
TOP: Functions of the Lungs
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29. The function of surfactant is to:

a. transport oxygen from the air to the blood.
b. transport carbon dioxide from the blood to the air.
c. prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration.
d. trap foreign particles as they enter the bronchial tree.
TOP: Structure of the Alveoli
30. In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the:
a. horizontal fissure.
b. oblique fissure.
c. bronchopulmonary segments.
d. hilum.
TOP: Structure of the Lungs
31. The divisions of the thoracic cavity include all of the following except the:
a. left pleural cavity.
b. right pleural cavity.
c. respiratory cavity.
d. mediastinum.
TOP: Thorax
32. Which of the following is not a paranasal sinus?

a. Frontal TESTBANKSELLER.COM
b. Maxillary
c. Mandibular
d. Sphenoid
33. Which of the following is not a subdivision of the thoracic cavity?

a. Left pleural division
b. Right pleural division
c. Medial pleural division
d. Mediastinum
TOP: Thorax
34. Which of the following statements is not true about the respiratory mucosa?
a. The cilia can “taste” bitter toxins in the air.
b. The cilia respond to toxins by moving more rapidly to remove the toxin.
c. The longer a cilia is exposed to a toxin, the more effectively it moves to expel it.
d. All of the above statements are true about the respiratory mucosa.
TOP: Functions of the Bronchi and Alveoli
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35. Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the respiratory system?
a. Oral cavity
b. Trachea
c. Rib cage
d. Diaphragm
36. Cellular respiration occurs:

a. in the alveoli.
b. on the red blood cell.
c. in the mitochondria.
d. in both A and B.
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 801 TOP: Structural Organization
37. The vomeronasal organ:

a. is the structure that joins the nasal cavity and the vomer bone.
b. is vestigial with no known function in the adult.
c. may be able to respond to complex chemicals called pheromones.
d. Both A and C are correct.
TOP: Vomeronasal Organ
38. Air inhaled through the mouth would be _____ than air inhaled through the nose.
a. warmer TESTBANKSELLER.COM
b. dirtier
c. moister
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 804 TOP: Functions of the Nose
39. The length of the pharynx is about _____ cm.

a. 3.5
b. 8.5
c. 12.5
d. 17.5
40. Which of these is not an opening in the pharynx?

a. Trachea
b. Eustachian tube
c. The fauces
d. Esophagus
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41. Which of these structures is not a part of the glottis?

a. True vocal cords
b. Rima glottidis
c. False vocal cords
d. Both B and C
42. Which of the following is a paired cartilage in the larynx?

a. Thyroid
b. Cuneiform
c. Epiglottis
d. None of the above
43. Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane?

a. Ciliated respiratory mucosa
b. Alveolar epithelium
c. Capillary epithelium
d. All of the above are part of the respiratory membrane.
44. Ciliated cells lining the respiratory tract:

a. help move air into and T ESTBANKSELLER.COM
out of the lungs.
b. trap and phagocytize microorganisms.
c. help move the mucus blanket toward the pharynx.
d. do both B and C.
45. The total number of lobes in both lungs is:

a. 6.
b. 5.
c. 4.
d. 3.
46. Which of these structures is not part of the lower respiratory tract?
a. Larynx
b. Trachea
c. Lungs
d. All of the above are part of the lower respiratory tract.
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47. Which of the following is not part of the external portion of the nose?
a. Nasal bones
b. Palatine bones
c. Alar cartilages
d. All of the above are part of the external portion of the nose.
TOP: Nose
48. The cribriform plate is part of the:

a. nasal bone.
b. palatine bone.
c. ethmoid bone.
d. nasal conchae.
TOP: Nose
49. Which of these structures is not part of the nasal septum?

a. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
b. Vomer bone
c. Vomeronasal cartilage
d. All of the above are part of the nasal septum.
TOP: Nose
TESa T
50. Which of the following is not BANKSELL
characteristic ofEthe
R.paranasal
COM sinuses?
a. They are air filled.
b. They are named after the bones in which they are located.
c. They drain or open into the oropharynx.
d. All of the above are true of the paranasal sinuses.
TOP: Paranasal Sinuses
51. At the level of the hyoid bone, the:

a. laryngopharynx becomes the esophagus.
b. oropharynx becomes the laryngopharynx.
c. nasopharynx becomes the oropharynx.
d. nasopharynx becomes the laryngopharynx.
TOP: Pharynx
52. Which is a pyramid-shaped cartilage that is an attachment point of the vocal cords?
a. Arytenoid
b. Thyroid
c. Epiglottis
d. Adam’s apple
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53. Which is the most proximal part of the air distribution system that no longer contains
cartilage?
a. Primary bronchi
b. Secondary bronchi
c. Bronchioles
d. Alveolar ducts
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 809 TOP: Structure of the Bronchi
54. For purposes of study, the respiratory system can be divided into what two parts?
a. Air distribution and gas exchange
b. Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract
c. Trachea and lungs
d. Cranial and thoracic
55. The more correct name for a sore throat is:

a. rhinitis.
b. laryngitis.
c. pharyngitis.
d. tonsillitis.
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
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56. Which of these is the only opening to the oropharynx?
a. The fauces
b. Eustachian tubes (auditory tubes)
c. Posterior nares
d. The esophagus
57. Which pair of tonsils is located in the oropharynx?

a. Pharyngeal tonsils
b. Palatine tonsils
c. Lingual tonsils
d. Both B and C
58. Which pair of tonsils is located in the nasopharynx?

a. Pharyngeal tonsils
b. Palatine tonsils
c. Lingual tonsils
d. Both B and C
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59. Gas exchange occurs across the:

a. respiratory mucosa.
b. respiratory membrane.
c. visceral pleura.
d. pulmonary membrane.
60. Which of these structures is not found in the left lung?

a. Oblique fissure
b. Secondary bronchi entering the superior lobe
c. Secondary bronchi entering the inferior lobe
d. Horizontal fissure
61. Which statement describes the function of the turbinates in the respiratory tract?
a. Turbinates contain the vibrissae, which serve as an initial “filter” to screen
particulate matter from the air.
b. Turbinates serve as baffles to provide a large, mucus-covered surface area over
which air must pass before reaching the pharynx.
c. Turbinates lighten the bones of the skull and serve as resonating chambers for
speech. TESTBANKSELLER.COM
d. Turbinates are lined with a ciliated membrane and form two cartilaginous folds
that serve as the vestibular vocal cords.
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 804 TOP: Functions of the Nose
62. Which describes the role of surfactant in the respiratory system?

a. Surfactant helps increase surface tension within the alveoli, thus preventing each
alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration.
b. Surfactant helps reduce surface tension within the alveoli, thus preventing each
alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration.
c. Surfactant provides a layer of protective mucus that covers a large portion of the
membrane that lines the respiratory tree, thereby purifying the air during
inhalation.
d. Surfactant helps increase surface area, which increases the rate of gas exchange
within the alveoli.
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: pp. 810-811 TOP: Structure of the Alveoli
63. Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect
might this have on the aspiration of objects?
a. The right bronchus is the same size and shape as the left. Therefore, aspiration of
foreign objects can occur equally often in either bronchus.
b. The left bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the right. This
anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the
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left bronchus.
c. The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This
right bronchus.
d. The right bronchus is slightly smaller and more vertical than the left. This
left bronchus.
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 809 TOP: Bronchi and Alveoli
64. What aspects of the structure of lung tissue make efficient gas exchange possible?
a. The enormous surface area of the bronchus and trachea, where the very thin-walled
alveoli and equally thin-walled pulmonary capillaries make possible extremely
rapid diffusion of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood
b. A small surface area and the respiratory membrane, where the very thin-walled
alveoli and equally thin-walled pulmonary capillaries make possible lower
diffusion of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood and help
retain oxygen in the body
c. The enormous surface area and the respiratory membrane, where the very
thin-walled alveoli and equally thin-walled pulmonary capillaries make possible
extremely rapid diffusion of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary
blood
d. A small surface area such as the pleura, where the very thin-walled alveoli and
equally thin-walled pulmonary capillaries make possible extremely rapid diffusion
of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 814-815 TOP: Lungs
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65. Which statement differentiates between the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the larynx and
explains which one moves the larynx?
a. Intrinsic muscles have both their origin and insertion on the larynx, whereas
extrinsic muscles insert on the larynx but have their origin on some other structure;
neither muscle moves nor displaces the larynx as a whole.
b. Intrinsic muscles have both their origin and insertion on the larynx, whereas
contraction of the extrinsic muscles actually moves or displaces the larynx as a
whole.
c. Intrinsic muscles have both their origin and insertion on the larynx, whereas
contraction of the intrinsic muscles actually moves or displaces the larynx as a
whole.
d. Intrinsic muscles have both their origin and insertion outside of the larynx,
whereas extrinsic muscles insert on the larynx but have their origin and insertions
on the larynx and actually move or displace the larynx as a whole.
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: pp. 806-807 TOP: Muscles of the Larynx
TRUE/FALSE
1. When the palatine bones fail to unite completely, the resulting condition is called cleft palate.
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ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 802

2. The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition, the conchae, dividing it into a
right cavity and a left cavity.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803

3. The external openings into the nasal cavities are called nares.

4. The cribriform plate is perforated by many small holes through which branches of the
olfactory nerve pass, relaying smell to the brain.

5. The nose is surrounded by the frontal bone and the mandible.

6. When air leaves the posterior nares, it next enters the trachea.
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7. The more common name for the pharynx is the voice box.

TOP: Pharynx
8. Hollow sinuses act to lighten the bones of the skull and serve as resonating chambers for
speech.

9. There are eight paranasal sinuses.

10. The olfactory epithelium contains many nerve cells and a rich lymphatic supply.

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11. The first structure with which the air comes in contact as it moves from the nose into the
pharynx is the anterior nares.

12. The vibrissae serve as baffles to provide a large, mucus-covered surface area over which air
must pass before reaching the pharynx.

13. The trachea is more commonly called the throat.

TOP: Pharynx
14. Another name for the larynx is the throat.

TOP: Pharynx
15. The lingual tonsils are the tonsils most commonly removed by a tonsillectomy.

TOP: Pharynx
16. The palatine tonsils are located

TEST atBthe
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TOP: Pharynx
17. Bony structures constitute the framework of the larynx.

TOP: Larynx
18. The lower pair of folds in the mucous membrane of the larynx serve as the true vocal cords.

TOP: Larynx
19. The pharynx serves as a passageway for both food and air.

TOP: Pharynx
20. The trachea collapses between respirations.

TOP: Trachea
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21. The larynx filters, warms, and humidifies inspired air.

TOP: Larynx
22. The arytenoid cartilages are the most important of the paired laryngeal cartilages.

TOP: Larynx
23. The structure of the secondary and tertiary bronchi and bronchioles is nearly identical to the
structure of the primary bronchi.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 809-810

TOP: Bronchi and Alveoli
24. Alveolar ducts consist of cartilage rings, smooth muscles, and endothelium.

25. The parts of the thoracic cavity occupied by the lungs are called the pleural divisions.

TOP: Structure of the Thoracic Cavity
26. Air and blood are in direct contact in the alveoli.

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27. Surfactant is a unique fluid that helps increase the surface tension within the alveoli.

28. The main function of bronchioles is distribution.

29. Both the right lung and the left lung have an oblique fissure.

30. Both the right lung and the left lung are subdivided into three lobes each.

31. The apex of each lung is lateral and inferior.
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32. The oblique fissure is present only in the right lung.

33. Raising the ribs enlarges the depth and width of the thorax.

34. In the thoracic cavity, the trachea is located in the mediastinum.

35. A pleural space containing a lubricating fluid separates two layers of pleura.

36. The parietal layer of the pleura lines the entire thoracic cavity.

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37. When the diaphragm contracts, it pulls the ribs together and reduces the size of the thoracic
cavity and expels air.

38. The thoracic cavity is lined by visceral pleura.

39. The bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli all function as air distributors.

40. Vocal cords and epiglottis are synonymous terms.

TOP: Larynx
41. Most of the structures in the bronchial tree are involved in air distribution rather than gas
exchange.
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TOP: Introduction
42. The pharynx is a tubelike structure that opens only into the mouth and larynx.

TOP: Pharynx
43. Enlarged pharyngeal tonsils are called sinusoids.

TOP: Pharynx
44. The more common name for the thyroid cartilage is the “Adam’s apple.”

45. The oropharynx moves up and down during swallowing to prevent food or liquids from
entering the trachea.

46. Aspirated objects tend to lodge in the right bronchus.
ANS: T DIF: TMemorization

ESTBANKSELLER.COM REF: p. 809
47. Surfactant is a fluid coating the alveoli that reduces surface tension.

48. Tuberculosis is a highly contagious lower respiratory bacterial infection that can permanently
destroy lung tissue and cause death.

TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
49. The rings of cartilage that form the trachea are incomplete rings that prevent it from
collapsing and shutting off the vital airway.

TOP: Structure of the Trachea
50. The bronchi divide into symmetrical trachea.

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51. The right lung is divided into three lobes by horizontal and oblique fissures.

TOP: Lungs
52. The hilum of each lung is lateral and inferior.

53. For gas exchange to occur at the cellular level, both the respiratory system and the circulatory
system must be functional.

TOP: Introduction
54. The respiratory system plays a crucial role in regulating the body’s pH.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 801 TOP: Introduction
55. The main characteristic shared by organs of the upper respiratory tract is that they are not in
the thorax.

56. The nares are the flaring cartilaginous expansions forming and supporting the outer side of
each nostril opening. TESTBANKSELLER.COM
57. The palatine bone is both the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nose.

58. A portion of the sphenoid bone called the cribriform plate forms the roof of the nose.

59. Because of the rapid blood loss, nosebleeds are frequently a serious problem.

60. The terms turbinates and conchae refer to the same structures.

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61. All of the turbinates are processes of the ethmoid bone.

62. The olfactory epithelium is a special part of the respiratory mucosa.

63. The respiratory mucosa extends down to and lines the alveoli.

64. The paranasal sinuses are lined with respiratory mucosa.

65. All of the paranasal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity.

66. The laryngopharynx ends at the esophagus.
ANS: T DIF: TMemorization

ESTBANKSELLER.COM REF: p. 804
67. There are nine openings in the pharynx.

68. All three sets of tonsils are located in the oropharynx.

69. The larynx lies ventral to the third, fourth, and fifth vertebrae and superior to the pharynx.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 805 TOP: Location of the Larynx
70. Both the thyroid gland and the carotid arteries touch the sides of the larynx.

71. The false vocal cords are superior to the true vocal cords.

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72. Besides being the name of a heart chamber, ventricle is the name of a part of the larynx.

73. When the intrinsic muscles of the larynx contract, the larynx moves up in the throat.

74. Both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the larynx are used to put tension on the vocal cords.

75. The trachea is slightly shorter than the pharynx.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 804-807

TOP: Structure of the Pharynx, Structure of the Trachea
76. Unlike the trachea, parts of the primary bronchi have complete cartilage rings.

77. There are almost 30 million alveoli in the two lungs.

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78. The most important structure in the lower respiratory tract is the alveolus.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 811

79. The apex of the lung rests directly on the diaphragm.

80. The respiratory tract does not include a left middle secondary bronchus.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: pp. 812-813 TOP: Structure of the Lungs
81. The rib cage and the diaphragm are considered part of the accessory structures of the
respiratory system.

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82. The olfactory epithelium can be distinguished from the rest of the respiratory mucosa in the
nose by its bright pink or red color.

TOP: Nasal Mucosa
83. When the palatine tonsils become enlarged, they are called adenoids.

TOP: Pharynx
84. The changing shape of the pharynx allows the production of different vowel sounds.

TOP: Functions of the Pharynx
85. All of the cartilages in the larynx are paired cartilages.

86. The first part of the bronchial tree that does not contain cartilage as part of its structure is the
alveolar ducts.

87. The mucus blanket and theTcilia

ESTthat move
BAN KSEitLtoLE
the
R.pharynx
COM act as a purification mechanism
for the respiratory system.

88. Because cigarette smoke contains so many irritants, the longer someone smokes the more it
acts as a stimulant for the cilia in the respiratory system to move more rapidly to clean out the
bronchi.

89. The primary bronchi and the pulmonary blood vessels bound together by connective tissue
form what is called the root of the lung.

90. Gas exchange in the lung is efficient because both the alveoli and capillaries have very thin
walls.

TOP: Function of the Lungs
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91. Just as all of the circulatory system serves the capillaries, all of the respiratory system serves
the alveoli.

92. The movement of oxygen from the alveoli to the red blood cells is called cellular respiration.

93. Research suggests that the function of the vomeronasal organ is the detection of pheromones.

TOP: Vomeronasal Organ
94. The root of the lung and the hilum of the lung are the same structure.

95. The nose is composed of two bones and two cartilages.

96. The paranasal sinuses have two functions: they lighten the bones of the skull and also drain
trapped particles into the nasopharynx.
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97. Both the origin and insertion of intrinsic muscles of the larynx are attached to the larynx itself.

98. The tension of the vocal cords is the sole determinant of the sound of the voice.

TOP: Functions of the Larynx
99. There are seven cartilages of the larynx, three of which are paired.

100. The epiglottis is a small, leaf-shaped cartilage that projects upward behind the tongue and
hyoid bone.

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101. The laryngeal cavity above the vestibular folds is called the infraglottic cavity.

102. Each vocal cord is covered by simple squamous epithelium that is surrounded by a strong
vocal ligament.

103. The narrowest part of the larynx is the slit between the right and left vocal folds.

104. The trachea provides part of an open passage from the outside to the lungs.

TOP: Functions of the Trachea
105. The diameter of the trachea is about 2.5 inches.

TOP: Structure of the Trachea
106. There are 21 levels of branching

TESTinBAthe
NKbronchial
SELLER tree.
.COM
107. Ciliated mucus lines both the trachea and bronchi.

108. The respiratory cilia can “taste” bitter toxins and beat more rapidly to remove the toxins from
the airway.

109. The respiratory escalator are a group of cilia that beat in unison to move air more effectively
to the alveoli.

MATCHING
Match each term with its corresponding definition.
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a. Larynx
b. Pleura
c. Turbinates
d. Respiratory membrane
e. Alveolus
f. Trachea
g. Pharynx
h. Bronchial tree
i. Respiratory mucosa
j. Paranasal sinus
k. Bronchiole
l. Nares
1. Throat
2. Bony projections that divide each nasal cavity into three passageways; nasal conchae
3. Serous membrane in the thoracic cavity
4. Primary site of gas exchange in the lungs
5. Windpipe; extends from the larynx in the neck to the primary bronchi in the thorax
6. Voice box; located just below the pharynx
7. Small branch of a bronchus
8. Specialized ciliated mucous membrane that lines the respiratory tract down to the bronchioles
9. One of four pairs of air sinuses of the skull opening into the nose
10. Double layer of cells where gases are exchanged between alveolar air and blood
11. System of airways composed of the trachea and two primary bronchi and their many branches
12. External openings into the nasal cavities or the nostrils
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1. ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: p. 804
TOP: Pharynx
2. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803
3. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 815
4. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: p. 810
5. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 807
TOP: Trachea
6. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 805
TOP: Larynx
7. ANS: K DIF: Memorization REF: p. 809
8. ANS: I DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803
TOP: Nasal Mucosa
9. ANS: J DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803
10. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 810
11. ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: p. 809
12. ANS: L DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803
TOP: Nose
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Match each term with its corresponding statement or definition.

a. Alveoli
b. Primary bronchi
c. Secondary bronchi
d. Tertiary bronchi
e. Trachea
13. Extends from the larynx in the neck to the primary bronchi; the windpipe
14. Consists of the right and left bronchi, which branch off of the trachea
15. Tubes that supply each lobe of the lung
16. Primary gas exchange structures of the respiratory tract
17. Tubes that supply the respiratory bronchioles
13. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: p. 807

TOP: Trachea
14. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 809
15. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 809
16. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 810
17. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 809
OTHER
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1. What part of the respiratory system serves as resonating chambers for speech?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: p. 804 TOP: Functions of the Nose
2. Name the three divisions of the pharynx, starting with the most superior.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 804 TOP: Pharynx
3. What structures are located at the superior and the inferior ends of the trachea?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: p. 805 | pp. 809-810

TOP: Larynx, Structure of the Bronchi
4. Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus? What effect might
this have on the aspiration of objects?
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ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 809-811 TOP: Bronchi and Alveoli
5. Explain why the bronchial tree is described as resembling an inverted tree trunk.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 809 TOP: Structure of the Bronchi
6. Identify some factors about the structure of lung tissue that make efficient gas exchange
possible.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 813-814 TOP: Lungs
7. What structures enter each lung at the hilum?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 813 TOP: Structure of the Lungs

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8. What are bronchopulmonary segments?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 814 TOP: Structure of the Lungs
9. List the functions of the respiratory system.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 800-801 TOP: Introduction
10. List the functions of the nose.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 804 TOP: Functions of the Nose
11. Differentiate between the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the larynx, and give one function
of each.
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ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: pp. 806-807 TOP: Muscles of the Larynx
12. List two functions of the paranasal sinuses.
ANS:
Answers will vary
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 804 TOP: Functions of the Nose
13. Explain the ways in which the volume of the thoracic cavity is increased.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: p. 815 TOP: Functions of the Thoracic Cavity
14. Name the structures through which air passes from the beginning of the trachea to the alveoli.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 807 | pp. 809-810

TOP: Trachea, Bronchi and Alveoli
15. Explain how the respiratory

TEmembrane
STBANKallows
SELLfor
ERan
.Cefficient
OM exchange of gases in the lung.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: pp. 810-811 | pp. 814-815

TOP: Structure of the Alveoli, Functions of the Lungs
16. What is surfactant and what is its function?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 810-811 TOP: Structure of the Alveoli
17. What is the vomeronasal organ and what does research evidence suggest its function might
be?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803 TOP: Vomeronasal Organ
18. How does the structure of the trachea help it accomplish its function?
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ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: p. 807 TOP: Trachea
19. Explain the ways in which the bronchi assist in cleansing the air before it gets to the alveoli.
What can lessen the effectiveness of the bronchi’s ability to clean the air?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 811

ESSAY
1. Richard is a heavy smoker. Recently he has noticed that when he gets up in the morning, he
has a bothersome cough that brings up a large amount of mucus. The cough persists for
several minutes and then stops until the next morning. What is an explanation for this
condition?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 811 TOP: Functions of the Bronchi and Alveoli
2. Donald was a smoker but quit

TES17TByears
ANKago.
SELHe
LEhas
R.developed
COM a raspy cough, has chest pain
with exertion, and is losing weight. X-ray examination reveals darkened shadows on his
lungs. What is the primary diagnosis?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 818 TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
3. Kelly is 5 years old and is a mouth breather. She has had repeated episodes of tonsillitis, and
her pediatrician suggests removal of her tonsils and adenoids. He further suggests that the
surgery may cure her mouth-breathing problem. Why is this a possibility?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 804 TOP: Pharynx
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Chapter 35: Respiratory Tract Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition

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TESTBANKSELLER.

Chapter 35: Respiratory Tract

1. Which of the following does not distribute air?

2. Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?

3. Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate?

4. The small openings in the cribriform plate function to:

5. The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as:

7. The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the:

8. Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane?

10. The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the:

ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803

12. Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with:

13. Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx?

14. Olfactory epithelium is found:

15. The more common name for the pharynx is the:

17. The function of the vibrissae in the vestibule is to:

c. produce copious quantities of mucus.

24. The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm.

26. The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are:

27. Which of the following is not a true statement?

29. The function of surfactant is to:

32. Which of the following is not a paranasal sinus?

33. Which of the following is not a subdivision of the thoracic cavity?

36. Cellular respiration occurs:

37. The vomeronasal organ:

39. The length of the pharynx is about _____ cm.

40. Which of these is not an opening in the pharynx?

41. Which of these structures is not a part of the glottis?

42. Which of the following is a paired cartilage in the larynx?

43. Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane?

44. Ciliated cells lining the respiratory tract:

45. The total number of lobes in both lungs is:

48. The cribriform plate is part of the:

49. Which of these structures is not part of the nasal septum?

51. At the level of the hyoid bone, the:

TOP: Cartilages of the Larynx

55. The more correct name for a sore throat is:

57. Which pair of tonsils is located in the oropharynx?

58. Which pair of tonsils is located in the nasopharynx?

ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 804

59. Gas exchange occurs across the:

60. Which of these structures is not found in the left lung?

62. Which describes the role of surfactant in the respiratory system?

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 802

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 802

5. The nose is surrounded by the frontal bone and the mandible.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 802

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 804

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 804

9. There are eight paranasal sinuses.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 803

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 804

13. The trachea is more commonly called the throat.