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Looping

Looping in c

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11 views9 pages

Looping

Looping in c

Uploaded by

roveenasyam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Looping

28 December 2022 12:38 AM

What is Loop in C?

• Looping Statements in C execute the sequence of statements many times until the stated condition
becomes false.

• A loop in C consists of two parts, a body of a loop and a control statement.

• The control statement is a combination of some conditions that direct the body of the loop to
execute until the specified condition becomes false.

• The purpose of the C loop is to repeat the same code a number of times.

Types of Loops in C

• Depending upon the position of a control statement in a program, looping statement in C is classified
into two types:
1. Entry controlled loop
2. Exit controlled loop
• In an entry control loop in C, a condition is checked before executing the body of a loop. It is also
called as a pre-checking loop.
• In an exit controlled loop, a condition is checked after executing the body of a loop. It is also called
as a post-checking loop.

• The control conditions must be well defined and specified otherwise the loop will execute an infinite
number of times.
• The loop that does not stop executing and processes the statements number of times is called as
an infinite loop. An infinite loop is also called as an “Endless loop.”

• Following are some characteristics of an infinite loop:

○ No termination condition is specified.


○ The specified conditions never meet.

The specified condition determines whether to execute the loop body or not.
'C’ programming language provides us with three types of loop constructs:
1. The while loop
2. The do-while loop
3. The for loop

Sr. Loop Type Description


No.
1. While Loop In while loop, a condition is evaluated before processing a body of
the loop. If a condition is true then and only then the body of a loop is
executed.
2. Do-While In a do…while loop, the condition is always executed after the body
Loop of a loop. It is also called an exit-controlled loop.
3. For Loop In a for loop, the initial value is performed only once, then the
condition tests and compares the counter to a fixed value after each
iteration, stopping the for loop when false is returned.

1. while loop in C

The while loop is an entry controlled loop. It is completed in 3 steps.

• Variable initialization.(e.g. int x = 0;)


• condition(e.g. while(x <= 10))
• Variable increment or decrement ( x++ or x-- or x = x + 2 )
Syntax of while Loop:

How while loop works?


• The while loop evaluates the condition inside the parentheses ().

• If condition is true, statements inside the body of while loop are executed. Then, condition is
evaluated again.

• The process goes on until condition is evaluated to false.

• If condition is false, the loop terminates (ends).

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Do-While loop in C

• A do…while loop in C is similar to the while loop except that the condition is always executed after the
body of a loop.

• In this loop, the statements the loop need to be executed at least once.

• After that, it checks the condition. If the condition is true, it will again have executed the loop; otherwise,
it will exit it.

• It is known as an exit-controlled loop.

• The while loop is performed only when the condition is true, but sometimes the statement must be
conducted at least once, so the do-while loop has to be used.

• The difference between while and do-while loop is that in the while loop, while is written in the
beginning, and do-while, the condition is mentioned at the end and ends with a semicolon (;).

Explanation of terminologies used:


• initialization : Generally we use an iterator variable (like int i = 0;) in the initialization statement to use
this variable in the update expression and in the exit condition of the loop.
• instruction(s) : It has some set of statements that we want to repeat and an update expression, these
are known as the body of the loop.
• update expression : In general, it is some increment/decrement statement of initialized variable
related to the condition at the bottom of the loop.
• condition : A boolean expression (either true or false) passed at the bottom of the loop to determine
if the loop should repeat itself or not.
Note : There should always be a semi-colon ; at the end of a do...while() loop, otherwise the compiler will
give a syntax error.

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For loop in C
• For loop is an entry controlled loop i.e. the condition is checked before entering into the loop.

• So if the condition is false for the first time, the statements inside while loop may not be executed at all.

• In order to exit from a for loop, either the condition should be false or a break statement should be encountered.

• For loop is suitable to use when we have to run a loop for a fixed number of times.

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Nested loop in C
• A loop inside another loop is called a nested loop.

• The depth of nested loop depends on the complexity of a problem.

• We can have any number of nested loops as required.

• Consider a nested loop where the outer loop runs n times and consists of another loop inside it.

• The inner loop runs m times. Then, the total number of times the inner loop runs during the program execution is n*m.

Types of nested loops


 Nested while loop
 Nested do-while loop
 Nested for loop

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Note: There can be mixed type of nested loop i.e. a for loop inside a while loop, or a while loop inside a do-while loop.

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