COURSE OUTLINE

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW II
(Prelim Exam Coverage)

I- INTRODUCTION:
A. Definition:
Bill of Rights
(Significance)
Protection against Abuse of Power
1. PP vs. Pagal, G.R No. 241257, September 29, 2020;
2. Pp Vs. Solar, G.R No. 225595, August 06, 2019;

B. Fundamental Principles
B.1 Provisions of the Bill of Rights Can only be invoked against the state
1. PP. vs. Marti 193 SCRA 57;
2. Waterous Drug vs. NLRC 280 SCRA 511;
3. PP. Vs. Domantay 307 SCRA 1, 1999;
4. PP. vs. Mendoza 301 SCRA 66, 1999;
5. Duncan Association of Employees vs. Glaxo 538 SCRA 343, 2004;
6. Yrasuegi vs. PAL 569 SCRA 467, 2008;
7. Atienza, Jr. Vs. Comelec, 612 SCRA 761 (2010);
8. Del Castillo vs. People 664 SCRA 430 (2012);
9. Cadajas v. People, G.R No. 247348 November 16, 2021;

Constitutional vs. Statutory Due Process:

1. Serrano Vs. NLRC, 332 SCRA 445 (2000)

B.2 Provisions of the Bill of Rights are self –executing

(Bill of rights vs. Social Justice)
1. Kilosbayan Vs. Morato, G.R No. 118910, November 16, 1995;
2. Manila Prince Hotel Vs. GSIS 267 SCRA 408;
3. Rev. Ely Pamatong Vs. Comelec (G.R No. 161872, April 13, 2004;
4. Imbong/Task force vs Ochoa, G.R. No. 204957 (2015);
5. Knights of Rizal vs. DMCI Homes, Inc., G.R No. 213948, April 18,
2017;

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 6. (CoTeSCUP) vs. Sec. of Education, G.R No. 216930, October 09,
2018;

B.3 Hierarchy of Constitutionally protected Rights (Preferred rights)

1. -PBMLO vs. PBMCI, 51 SCRA 189;
2. -Social Justice Society vs. Atienza, 545 SCRA 92 (2008);
3. -Canlas Vs. Napico Home Owners, G.R No. 182796, June 5,
2008;
4. BPI vs. BPI employees Union 627 SCRA 590 (2010).

II- DUE PROCESS AND EQUAL PROTECTION

A. Article III, sec 1

“No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of
law nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of laws”

A.1 Meaning of due process:

1. The great Charter of the liberties of England and liberties of the
forest, Cudia vs. The Superintendent of the Philippine Military
Academy, Gr. No. 211362, February 24, 2015,
2. CLT Really Development Corporation vs. High Grades Feeds Corp.,
Gr No. 160684, September 2, 2015

A.2 Meaning of life, liberty and property

1. Imbong vs. Ochoa, G.R No. 204819, April 08, 2014;
2. Southeast Min. Mining Corp. vs. Balite Mining, G.R. No.
135190, April 3, 2002;
3. Republic vs. Rosemoore Mining & Dev. Corp., G.R. No.
14997, March 30, 2004;
4. Republic vs. Cagandahan, 565 SCRA 72(2008);
5. Yinlu Bicol Corp vs. Trans Asia Gr. No. 207942 January 12,
2015;

B. DUE PROCESS (Aspects of Due Process)

B.1 Procedural Due process:

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 Judicial Due Process:
1. Spirito vs. Del Rosario, G.R No. 204964, October 15, 2014,
2. Bilbao vs. People G.r No.175999, July 1 2015,
3. Bucal Vs Bucal, Gr. No. 206957 June 17, 2015,
4. Republic vs, Mupas G.r No. 181892, September 8, 2015,
5. SEC vs. Universal Rightfield Property Holding G.r No. 181381
July 20, 2015,
6. Acampado vs. Sps. Comilla G.r No. 198531. September 25, 2015,
7. Zarate vs. Aquino Gr. No 220028, (2015)

Administrative Due Process

1. Ang Tibay vs. CIR 69 Phil 1940,
2. Romualdez Vs. Comelec 573 SRA 639, 2008
3. Garcillano vs. Comelec 575 SCRA 170, 2008
4. Placido Vs. NLRC 600 SCRA 697, 2009
5. Mendoza vs. Comelec 603 SCRA, 692, 2009
6. Office of The Court Administrator vs. Indar 669 24 (2012)
7. Jamsani- Rodriguez vs. Ong, 628 SCRA 626(2010),
8. Brown Madonna Press Vs. Casas G.R No. 200898, June 15 2015,
Kabataan Party list, Vs. COMELEC G.R No. 221318 Decemrer16,
2015,
9. Maynilad water services vs sec of DENR, G.r No. 202897,August
6, 2019

Due Process in Academic and Disciplinary Proceedings

1. Vivares Suzara Vs. Saint Therese College G.R No. 202666
September 29, 2014
2. Cudia vs Superintendent of PMA G.R No. 211362 February 24,
2015

Due Process in Deportation Proceedings

1. Lao Gi vs CA 180 SCRA 756, 1989,
2. Domingo vs. Sheer, G.R No. 154745, January 29, 2004,
3. Government of USA vs Judge Puruganan, G.R. NO. 148571,
Sept 24, 2002

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 Due Process in the Exercise of Quasi-Judicial Functions vs. Quasi-
Legislative Function
1. PhilComsat vs. Alcuaz 180 SCRA 218
2. Diona vs. Balangue Gr. No. 173559, January 7, 2013
3. Summary Dismissal Board vs. Torcita 330 SCRA 153, 2000
4. Jardeleza vs. Sereno, G.R. No 213181, Aug. 19, 2014
5. Villanueva vs. Judicial Bar Council, G.R. No. 211833, April 7 2015

Publication of Laws
1. Tanada vs. Tuvera 146 Scra 446
2. Republic vs. Pilipinas Shell G.R. No. 173918, April 8, 2008

Instances When notice and hearing may be validly omitted without

violating due process.
-Civil Code Art. 704,
1. Asilo vs. People, G.R No. 159017-18, March 9, 2011
2. Perez vs. Spouses Madrona and Pante G.R. No.
184478, March 21, 2012
3. Aquino vs. Municipality of Malay Aklan G.R. No.
211356, September 29, 2015

B.2 Substantive Due Process

B.2.1 Test of Substantive Due Process

B.2.2 Nature of Police Power

B.2.3 Areas which Police power can be exercised

B.2.4 Principles attached to police power

1. -MMDA vs. Bel Air 328 SCRA 1836

B.2.5 Tests for a valid exercise of police power

B.2.6 Cases:

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 1. U.S vs Toribio, Ermita vs. City Mayor of Manila 205 SCRA
849,
2. Taxicab Operators vs. BOT, 119 SCRA 597
3. DECS vs. San Diego 180 SCRA 533
4. Del Rosario vs. Bengson 180 SCRA 521
5. GSIS vs. Monteclaros 434 SCRA 441, 2004
6. Chavez vs. Comelec, 437 SCRA 415, 2004
7. Chavez vs. Romulo, 431 SCRA 430, 2004
8. Beltran Vs. Secretary 476 SCRA 168, 2005
9. City of Manila vs. Laguio Jr. 455 SCRA 308, 2005
10. Carlos Superdrug vs. DSWD 526 SCR 130, 2007
11. White light Corp. vs. City of Manila 576 SCRA 1416,
2009
12. Office of the Solicitor General vs. Ayala 600 SCRA 617
2009
13. BSPMB vs. Antonio Valenzuela 602 SCRA 638, 2009
14. Roxas & Co. vs. DAMBA-NFSW 607 SCRA 33, 2009
15. PP vs. Siton 600 SCRA 476, 2009
16. Remnan Enterprise, Inc vs. PRC, G.R No. 197676 Feb
4, 2014
17. Carolina vs. Senga, G.R No. 189649, April 20, 2015
18. Yinlu Bicol Mining Corp. vs. Trans Asia Oil G.R No.
207942, January 12, 2015
19. Spark et al. v. Quezon City. G.R No. 225442, August
08, 2017

C. EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE

C.1 Meaning

C.2Scope of the Equality

C.2.1- Economic Equality

 Art. III sec II
 Art. XIII sec 2 par.2 and sec.10
 Art XIII sec 1,2, and 3,

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C.2.2- Political Equality
 Art IX-C sec 10,
 Art. XIII sec 1

1. Quinto vs. Comelec 606 SCRA 258, 2010

2. Ang Ladlad vs. Comelec 618 SCRA 2010

C.2.3- Social Equality

 Art.XIII sec 1

C.3 Cases:
1. PASEI vs. Drilon 186 SCRA 356
2. Conference of Maritine Agency vs. POEA, 243 SCRA 666
3. Himagan vs. pp 237 SCRA 538
4. Almonte vs. Vasquez 244 SCRA 286
5. Ormoc Sugar Co. vs. Treasurer of Ormoc 22 SCRA 603
6. Nunez vs. Sandiganbayan 111 SCRA 433
7. Chua vs. Civil Service 206 SCRA 85
8. Tiu vs CA 301 SCRA 279
9. Lacson vs. executive 301 SCRA 298, 1999
10. De Guzman vs. Comelec 336 SCRA 188, 2000
11. Phil Reca vs. Secretary, 403 SCRA 558, 2003
12. Farinas vs. Executive Secretary 414 SCRA 503, 2003
13. International vs. Quisumbing 333 SCRA 13, 2000
14. GSIS vs. Monteclaros 434 SCRA 442, 2004
15. Central Bank employees vs. Banko Sentral G.R. No. 148208,
Dec 15, 2004
16. Pp vs. Jalosjos 324 SCRA 689, 2000
17. Beltran Vs. Secretary 476 SCRA 168, 2005
18. Dy Caico vs. SSS 476 SCRA 538, 2005
19. Mirasol vs. DPWH 490 SCRA 318, 2006
20. Parreno vs. COA 523 SCRA 390, 2007
21. Abakada Guro vs. Purisima, G.R. No. 166715, Aug 14, 2008
22. British American Tobacco vs. Camacho, G.R. No. 163583,
Aug 20, 2008

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 23. MIAA vs. Olongapo Maintenance 543 SCRA 63, 2008
24. Trillanes vs. Pimentel 556 SCRA 79, 2009
25. Soriano vs. Luguardia 587 SCRA 79, 2009
26. League of Cities vs. Comelec 608 SCRA 636, 2009
27. Serrano vs. Gallant Maritine G.R. No. 167614, March 24,
2009
28. Chamber of real vs. Romulo 614 Scra 605, 2010
29. Biraogo Vs. Phillipine Truth Commission, G.R No. 192935,
Dec 7, 2010
30. League of cities v. Comelec G.R. No. 176951, April 12, 2011
31. Garcia vs, Executive Secretary, 677 SCRA 750 (2012)
32. Garcia vs. Drillon, 699 SCRA 352 (2013)
33. Remnan Enterprise, Inc vs. PRC, G.R No. 197676, Feb 4, 2014
34. SR Metals, Inc. vs. Hon. Angelo Reyes, G.R. No. 179669, June
4, 2014
35. Maria Carolina P. Araullo vs Benigno Aquino G.R No. 209287
36. July 1, 2014, Ferrer vs. Bautista, G.R No. 210551, June 30
2015, Ocampo et al vs Enriquez et, GR No 225973, Nov 8,
2016

III- ARREST, SEARCHES AND SEIZURES, PRIVACY OF COMMUNICATION AND

CORRESPONDENCE
Sec 2, Article III, 1987 Constitution

“The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects
against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose
shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue, except
upon a probable cause to de determined personally by a judge, after examination
under oath or affirmation of the complaint and the witnesses he may produce,
particularly describing the place to be searched, or persons or things to be searched”

A. Scope of the protection

1.The protection is available to all persons
1. Moncada vs. People’s Court, 80 Phil 1,
2. Jacaban v. People, G.R No. 184355. March 23, 2015

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 2.The right is personal
1. Stonehill vs. Diokno, 20 SCRA 383,
2. Lopez vs. Commissioner of Customs. 68 SCRA 320
3. People vs Damaso, 212 SCRA 457

3.The right applies as a distraint directed only against the government and its
agencies tasked with the enforcement of the law.
1. People vs. Marti, Supra.,
2. Waterous Drug Corp vs. NLRC, Supra.,
3. People Vs. Bongcarawan, G.R. No. 143944, July 11, 2002

B. Search Warrant
1.Requirement for Search warrant (Principles for a valid search warrant)
 Rule 126 of the revised rules on criminal procedure
 Supreme Court A.M No. 99-20-09-SC-enacted on January 2000

Cases:
1. Sony Computer Vs. Super Green 518 SCRA 75 (2007),
2. Marimla vs. PP G.R no. 15867, October 16, 2009

a) Issuance Based on Probable Cause

1. Corro vs Lising, 135 SCRA 341
2. Picop vs. Asuncion, 307 SCRA 253
3. People vs. Estrada, 296 SCRA 383
4. Columbia Pictures vs. Ca 262 SCRA 219
5. Pp vs. Salanguit, 356 SCRA 683, 2001
6. Santos Vs. Pryce Gas, 538 SCRA 475, 2007
7. Hon Ne Chan Vs. Honda 541 SCRA 249, 2007
8. Navaja vs. De Castro, G.R No 182926, 2015
9. PCGG vs. Gutierrez, G.R No. 194159
10. October 21, 2015
11. Petron Dealer Association vs. Ang, G.R No. 199371, February
3, 2016
12. Diaz vs. People G.R No. 213875, July 15, 2020
13. PP vs Rangaig, G.r No. 240447, April 28, 2021

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 b) Personal Determination of the judge/Searching Questions
1. People vs Mamaril, 420 SCRA 662, 2004
2. Microsoft vs. Farajallah, G.R No. 205800, September 10,
2014
3. Aguinaldo vs. Ventus, G.R No. 176033 March 11, 2015
4. Balindong vs. CA, G.R No. 177600 October 19, 2015
5. People vs. Punzalan, G.R No. 199087, Nov 11, 2015

c) Specific Description of the Place

1. Uy vs. BIR, 344 SCRA 36
2. PP vs. Francisco 387 SCRA 569, 2002
3. Yao vs. People 525 SCRA 108(2007)
4. Quelan vs. People 526 SCRA 630, 2007
5. Del Rosario vs. Donato Sr. 614 SCRA 332 (2010)
6. Del Castillo vs People 664 SCRA 430 (2012)
7. People vs. Posada G.R No. 196052 September 2, 2015
8. Diaz vs People, GR No 213875, July 15 2020
9. A.M. No. RTJ-17-2494 [FORMERLY A.M. No. 16-11-03-SC], January
26, 2021

d) Specific description of the objects to be seized

1. Kho vs. Makalintal, 306 SCRA 70
2. Uy vs. BIR, Supra
3. Al-Ghoul vs. Ca, 364 SCRA 363, (2001)
4. Pp vs Tee, 395 SCRA 419 2003
5. Microsoft vs. Maxicorp, Inc. 438 SCRA 224(2004)
6. Vallejo vs. Ca, 427 SCRA 658(2004)

e) Specific offense (One-offense rule)

1. Stonehill vs Diokno 20 SCRA 383
2. Tambasan vs People, 246 SCRA 184
3. Pp vs. Simbahon, 401 SCRA 95, 2003

2. Warrantless Search

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-All warrantless searches are void, and all evidences obtained from these are
held inadmissible as evidences in court.

Exceptions to the rule:

a.) Search Incident to a lawful Arrest (Sec 13, Rule 126 RRCP)
1. Nolasco vs. Pano 139 SCRA 152
2. PP vs. Musa 217 SCRA 598
3. PP vs. Che Chun Ting 328 SCRA 592
4. PP vs. Lua 256 SCRA 539
5. Espano Vs. CA 288 SCRA 558
6. PP vs Molina 352 SCRA 174
7. PP vs. Tiu Won Chua 405 SCRA 280, 2003
8. PP vs. Chua, 396 SCRA 657(2003)
9. PP vs Sarap, 399 SCRA 503,2003)
10. PP vs. Estella, G.R No. 138539-40, Jan.21,2003
11. PP vs. Laguio 518 SCRA 393, 2007
12. Pp vs. Bohol 560 SCRA 232, 2008
13. PP vs. Dumangay 566 SCRA 290, 2008
14. PP vs Agulay 566 SCRA 571, 2008
15. Ching vs People 569 SCRA 711, 2008
16. Valeroso vs. CA, 598 SCRA 41 (2009)
17. PP vs. Uybuco, G.R. No. 178039, January 19, 2011
18. Martinez vs. People, 690 SCRA 656 (2013)
19. PP vs. Villareal, 693 SCRA 549 (2013)
20. Dorupan and coloma v PP, G.r no. 230825, June 10, 2020
b.) Consented Search
1. PP vs. Damaso, 212 SCRA 47
2. Veroy Vs. Layague 210 SCRA 97
3. PP vs. Lacerna 278 SCRA 561, 1997
4. PP vs. Compacion 361 SCRA 540, 2001
5. PP vs. Asis 391 SCRA 109, 2002
6. PP vs. Tudtud, G.R No. 144037, Sept 26, 2003
7. PP vs. Nuevas 516 SCRA 463, 2007
8. Luz vs. People, 667 SCRA 421 (2012)
c.) Search in Plain View
1. PP vs. Evaristo, 216 SCRA 431, 1993

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 2. PP vs. Musa 217 SCRA 598, 1993
3. PP vs. Doria, 301 SCRA 668, 1999
4. PP vs. Valdez, 341 SCRA 25, 2000
5. PP vs. Elamparo, 329 SCRA 404, 2000
6. PP vs. Valdez, 341 SCRA 25, 2000
7. PP vs. Pasudag, May 4, 2001
8. PP vs. Del Rosario, 358 SCRA 373, 2001
9. PP vs. Salanguit, Supra
10. PP vs. Que Ming Kha, 382 SCRA 480, 2002
11. PP Vs. Go, 411 Scra 81, 2003
12. Abenes Vs. CA 515 SCRA 690, 2007
13. Fajardo Vs. People, G.R No. 190889, January 10, 2011
14. PP vs. Ng Yik Bun, et al., G.R. No. 180452, January 10,
2011
d.) Terry Search (Stop and Frisk)
1. Posadas vs. Ca, 188 SCRA 288, 1990
2. PP vs. Mengote, 210 SCRA 14, 1992
3. Manalili vs CA, 280 SCRA 400, 1998
4. PP vs. lising, 275 SCRA 805, 1997
5. PP Vs. Aruta, 288 SCRA 626, 1998
6. PP vs. Encinada, 280 SCRA 72, 1997
7. PP vs. Chua hon San, 308 SCRA 432, 1999
8. PP vs. Sy Chua, G.R. No. 136066-67, Feb. 04, 2003
9. PP vs. Pablito Andaya, G.R no. 183700 Oct.13 2014
e.) Search of Moving Vehicles
1. Valmonte vs. De Villa, 178 SCRA 211
2. PP vs. Malmstedt 198 SCRA 404
3. PP vs. Bagista 214 SCRA 63
4. Aniag vs Comelec 237 SCRA 425
5. PP vs. Claudio 160 SCRA 646
6. PP vs. Que, 265 SCRA 721
7. Asuncion vs. CA, 302 SCRA 490
8. PP vs. Valdez, 304 SCRA 140
9. PP vs. Gonzales, 365 SCRA 17, 2001
10. Caballes Vs. CA G.R. No 136292, January 15, 2002
11. PP vs. Vinecario 420 SCRA 80, 2004

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 12. Epie vs. Ulat-Marredo 518 SCRA 641, 2007
13. PP vs Tuason 532 SCRA 152, 2007
14. Luz vs. People, 667 SCRA 421 (2012)
15. PP vs Sapla, GR No. 244045 June 16, 2020
f.) Search in the enforcement of Custom Law
1. Papa vs. Mago 22 SCRA 857
2. Hizon vs. CA, 265 SCRA 517
3. Bureau of Customs Vs. Ogario, 329 SCRA 289, 2000
4. Rieta vs PP 436 SCRA 237, 2004
5. Salvador vs. PP 463 SCRA 489, 2005
g.) Search under exigent and emergency circumstances
1. PP vs. De Gracia 233 SCRA 716
h.) Airport Security
1. PP vs. Gatward 267 SCRA 785
2. PP vs. Johnson, 348 SCRA 527, 2000
3. PP vs. Johnson 394 SCRA 473, 2002
4. PP vs. Canton 394 SCRA 473, 2002
5. PP vs, Susuki, G.R. No.120670, October 23, 2003
6. Sales vs. People, 690 SCRA 141 (2013)
i.) Jail Safety
1. PP vs Conde 356 SCRA 525, 2002
2. A.M No. RTJ17 -2494[FORMERLY A.M No. 16-11-03-SC] January
26, 2021

C. Exclusionary Rule: Evidenced obtained in violation of Sec. 2, Article III shall be

inadmissible in evidence for any purpose in any proceedings (Sec.3(2), article III),
because “it is the fruit of the poisoned tree”.

D. Arrest Warrant
1-Requirements for issuance of Warrant of Arrest (Sec 6, Rule 112 RRCP)
2-Procedures to obtain an Arrest Warrant (Steps Before an arrest warrant can
be issued)
Cases:
1. Soliven vs Makasiar, GR no. 82585 (1988)
2. Lim vs. Felix, 194 SCRA 292, 1991
3. Pangandaman vs. Cesar 159 SCRA 699

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 4. PP vs. Velosa 194 SCRA 292
5. Munez vs. Arino 241 SCRA 482, 1995
6. Cojuangco vs. Sandiganbayan 300 SCRA 367
7. Abdula vs. Guaini 326 SCRA 1, 2000
8. Talingdan vs. Eduarte 366 SCRA 556, 2002
9. Government vs Purganan 389 SCRA 623
10. PP vs. Delacruz 571 SCRA 469, 2008
11. PP vs. Agojo 585 SCRA 652, 2009
12. PP vs. Tan, 608 SCRA 85, 2009
13. Ong vs. Genco 609 SCRA 188, 2009

3. When Arrest may be made without warrant

(Sec 5, Rule rule 113 of the RRCP)
Cases:
1. PP vs. Go, 206 SCRA 138
2. PP vs. Manlulu, 231 SCRA 701
3. PP vs. Gerente 219 SCRA 756
4. PP vs. Jayson 282 SCRA 166
5. PP vs Sinoc 275 SCRA 357
6. PP vs. Alvario 275 SCRA 529
7. Cudla Vs. CA 312 SCRA 703
8. PP vs. Vinalon 384 SCRA 623
9. Dimacuha vs PP 516 SCRA 513, 2007
10. PP vs Laguio 518 SCRA 393
11. PP vs Olivares, 299 SCRA 635
12. PP vs Posadas, 341 SCRA 388, 2000
13. PP vs. Cubcubin, 360 SCRA 690, 2001
14. PP vs. Kimura 428 SCRA 51, 2004
15. PP vs Penaflorida 551 SCRA 111, 2008
16. PP vs. Alunday 564 SCRA 135, 2008
17. PP vs Quebral 606 SCRA 247, 2009
18. PP vs Ava, 609 SCRA 309, 2009
19. Abelita vs. Doria, 596 SCRA 220 (2009)
20. PP vs. Ng Yik Bun, et al G.R No. 180452, Jan. 10 2011
21. PP vs. Uyboco, Supra

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