AZIMUTH
CHRONOMETER
ERROR: FAST [-] ; SLOW [+]
GMT: Correct Chronometer
LIT: WEST [-] ; EAST [+]
LMT: Date indicated in question is LMT date
From Correct GMT time calculate Corr. Decl, Corr. GHA;
LHA = C. GHA + Long East ; LHA = C. GHA - Long West
LHA between 000 ͦ to 360 ͦ ; P between 000 ͦ to 180 ͦ
A= Tan Lat Name: LHA Between 270˚to 090˚then opp. to Lat
Tan P LHA Between 090˚to 270˚then same as Lat
B= Tan Decl Name: Same as Decl.
Sin P
C= A & B Same [+]; A & B Diff [-] with name of greater
Tan Azimuth = 1 .
C x Cos Lat
Prefix name of Azimuth taken from name of C [ N /S ]
Surfix name [ E /W ] from LHA: LHA between 180˚ to 360˚ body rising
[E]
LHA between 000˚ to 180˚ body setting
[W]
LATITUDE BY MERIDIAN ALTITUDE
Sextant Altitude:
Index Error: OFF the arc (+);on the arc (-)
Observed Altitude:
Dip correction: according to height of eye (-)
Apparent alt:
Total correction: Refraction , Parallax & Semi Diameter
Additional correction: for Venus & Mars
True altitude: Name same as Azimuth
MZD: 90-T.alt Name opposite to True altitude
LMT Mer Pass. From Almanac
LIT East (- ) / West (+)
GMT: Date & Time
At meridian passageLHA = 360º
CorrDecl:
Observed lat = MZD &Decl same names (+)
or MZD &Decl different names (-),name of greater
Position line E----- W
INTERCEPT
90 - True altitude = TZD
Cos CZD = Cos P x Cos Lat x Cos Decl ±Sine Lat x Sine Decl
Lat & Decl Same (+) ; Lat & Decl opposite (-)
CZD > TZD ; Intercept Towards
CZD < TZD ; Intercept Away ; True Tiny Towards
Calculate Azimuth ; PL is 90 ͦ ± AZ
LONG BY CHRONOMETER
Calculate Corr.GHA & Approx LHA
Cos P = Sine True Altitude ± Sine Latitude x Sine Decl
Cos Latitude x Cos Decl
Lat & Decl Same (-) ; Lat & Decl opposite (+)
If body is rising: LHA 180º to 360º; Az 000º → 180º ; A.M. for Sun ; LHA = 360 – P
If body is setting: LHA 000º to 180º; Az 180º → 360º ; PM for Sun; LHA = P
Apply DR Long to GHA to get approx LHA;
Difference between C. LHA &C. GHA gives ObservedLong
Naming of Observed Long:
GHA Least Long East ; GHA Best Long West
Calculate Azimuth ; PL is90 ± Azimuth
EX-MERIDIAN : NEAR THE MERIDIAN
90 - True altitude = TZD
LHA nearly 360 ͦ
Cos MZD = Cos TZD + [(1-Cos P) x Cos DR Lat x Cos Decl)
Observed Lat= MZD &Decl Same names (+) OR
MZD &Decl Diff names (-), Name of greater
Calculate Azimuth ; PL is AZ ± 90
SUN AMPLITUDE
LMT: Sunrise / Sunset
LIT: West [+] ; East [-]
GMT: Sunrise / Sunset
C. Decl:
Sine Amplitude = Sine Decl x Sec. Lat
Name of Amplitude
Prefix E for rising ; W for setting
Suffix same as Decl
Amplitude measured from East –West Direction
POLARIS
From GMT calculate LHA Aries
True altitude
a0 : [+]
a1 : [+]
a2 : [+]
SUM :
[-] 1˚
OBS LAT NAME NORTH
Az. Nearly East West
STARS
LHA Star = C. GHA Aries + SHA Star + Long East
LHA Star = C. GHA Aries + SHA Star - Long West
PLANETS
For GHA of planets, apply V corn +ve or –veas indicated
Venus sometime negative
For altitude, additional correction for Mars and Venus as indicated for the month &
range of altitude
LMT meridian passage indicated on daily pages
MOON
Sextant Altitude:
Index Error: off the arc (+);on the arc (-)
Observed Altitude:
DIP Corr: H.E. (- )
Apparent Altitude:
Main corrn: (+)
Horizontal Parallax: (+) [from GMT Hr, UL/ LL]
True Altitude:
Note: For Moon UL subtract 30′
For GHA Moon, apply V corn always +ve
LMT for Moonrise / Moonset / Mer Pass
Approx LMT from almanac
For Long East take earlier day LMT
For long west take next day LMT
Daily difference (mins)
Long corrn= long x daily diff (mins)
360
Long corn for East long (-)
Long corn for West long (+)
Approx LMT:
Long corrn:
Correct LMT:
LIT: West [+] ; East [-]
Correct GMT:
Plane Sailing
Sine Co. =Dep/ Dist ; Cosine Co. = D’lat/Dist ; Tan Co. = Dep/D’lat
Cos M.lat = Dep/D’long
Computation of Altitude
LMT Mer Pass.
LIT East / Wset
GMT: Date & Time
C. Decl :
Lat
MZD
T. Alt (90 – MZD)
Use opposite sign as going in reverse order
T.C.
App. Alt
Dip +
Obs Alt
I.E. (on) + ; (off) -
Sextant Altitude
