1-Clustrophobia means:

Claustrophobia:
Abnormal fear of being in an enclosed space
2- Hearing requirement of ME

3- Diffusion Responsibility:
No –one feels personally responsible for safety
4 -Verbal communication using

5- Advantage of Group Responsibility

Each member of group ought to feel responsible for output of that group
and work towards ensuring that the whole product is safe
6- Biggest hazardous of safety
7-Shift handover means
Shift handover is potentially an area where human errors can occur. Whilst
longer shift may result in greater fatigue
8- What is the team?
The concepts of team
May comprise a number of individuals working together towards one
shared goal.
Number of individuals working in parallel to achieve one commen goal .
9- Co-operation of team
Fairness and openness within the team encourage cohesiveness and
mutual respect, disagreement must be handeled sensitively by the team
leader
10-Safety Culture:
Set of beliefs, norms attitudes, roles and social and technical practices
concerned with minimizing exposure of employees managers, customers
and members of the general public to conditions considered dangerous or
hazardous
11- Manger responsible to
ensure that their engineer have suitable training.
12- Mention theQualities of good leader?
1- Motivating his team
2- Reinforcing good attitudes
3- Demonstrating by example
4- Maintaining the group
5- Fulfilling a management role.

13-How to compensate lack of communication

Use logbooks ,Worksheets , Discuss work to be done or what has
been completed
14-How to eliminate fatigue during maintenance
task :
Be aware of the symptoms and look for them in yourself and others.
Plan to avoid complex tasks at the bottom of your circadian rhythm. Sleep
and exercise regularly, Ask others to check your work
15- Lack of awareness
Think of what may occur in the event of an accident., Ask others if they
can see any problem with the work done
16-Define Attention
Having detected information , our mental resources are concentrated on
specific element
17-Motor program are related with long term memory
18-Sensory &short term memory have limitation in terms of
Concentration of mental efforts on sensory or mental events
19-What errors can be predicted Verbal or
constant error
20-Define Laps:
Lapses are missed actions and omissions,
i.e. . :
When somebody has failed to do something due to lapses of memory and
/ or attention or because they have forgotten something ( forgotten to
replace an engine cowling ).

21-What does Environmental capture

 Environmental capture may occur when an engineer carries out a certain
task very frequently in a certain location
22- Reasons Study of AME Incorrect installation ( 30 % )

23- What does ICE-BERG model means Implection of

errors
24- Mandatory Occurrence Reporting Scheme
(MORS ) All Maintenance incidents have to be reported
25-Errors that are most dangerous
Violations sometimes appear to be human errors, but they differ from
slips, lapses and mistakes because they are illegal actions .

26-What does the most frequent error Omissions

56% 27- why to report error To learn
28- what is the maintenance error
Types of Error in Maintenance Tasks
1- An error that results in a specific A/C problem that was not there before the
maintenance task was initiated.
2- An error that result in an unwanted or unsafe condition remaining undetected
while performing maintenance task designed to detect A/C problem

29-DefineMotor programmes
If tasks is performed often enough,it may eventually became automatic
.Required skills &action are stored in long term memory. The use of
motor programme reduces the load on the central decision maker.,allow
us to carry out simultaneous activites
30-first step to have good human factor

31-what is the optimum arousal during work

Sense refers to readiness of person for performing work , to
achieve an optimum level of task performance. It is necessary to have a
certain level of stimulation or arousal
32-mendatory need for hearing protection
 Protection should always be used for noise, using some form of hearing
protection when in reasonably close proximity (200:300 m) to A/C
whose engines are running.

33-disadv. Of repetitive tasks

The main danger with repetitive tasks is that engineers may become so
practiced at such tasks that they may cease to consult the maintenance
manual, complacency is also danger
34-Responsible of maintenance program
Responsibility for maintaining currency lies with both the individual
engineer and the maintenance organization for which he works
35-shell model
SHEL MODEL:
Soft ware :
Maintenance procedure , manuals , check list
Hard ware :
Tools , test equipment , physical structure of air craft.
Envioment :
Conditions in hanger, line
Live ware :
The person ,maintenance engineer ,supervisors

Human factores concentrate on the interface between human & element of SHEL from
safety view point
Explain SHELL MODEL &it is element can be deficint ?
S:
Misinteruuption of procedures , badely written manules , poor design , check list , difficulty to
use computer soft ware
H:
Not enough tools , inappropartion equipment.
E:
Uncomfortable work place , inadequate hanger space , extreme temperature , excessive noise ,
poor lighting.
L:
Relationship with other people , shortage of manpower.
36- Maintenance & inspection dificienties are one of major contributary factors to
accidents 12%.
37-start studing human factor 1989
38-Annex1 Personal license
 39-TWA Time Weighted Average (TWA) 80:85db
40-pressure problem
Communicate your concerns. Ask for extra help, Just say No
41-noise at 300m 90:120 db
42- Risk time At early morning between 4am :6am
43- who needs human factor All category
44- Responsibility:
If someone is considered responsible, they are liable to be
called to account as being in charge or control of or answerable for
something
45-Safe product
Good maintenance organizations do their best to support this
dedication by providing the necessary conditions for safe and efficient work.
(airworthiness aeroplane )
46-Advantage. Of team work
(working as part of team has number of potential benefits )
Individual can share resources.
They can discuss problems and arrive at shared solutions.
- They can check each others work
47- define Group polarization
The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme
than the individual members initial positions (Risky shift, Group think).
48-Team leader is responsible for :

49- Responsibility of team is greater

50- Maintenance Resources Management MRM

Is not about addressing the individual human factors of the engineer or
his manger rather, it looks at the larger system of human factors, concerns
involving engineers , mangers and others , working together to promote safety.
51- How to solve stress problem .
Ask fellow workers to monitor your work
52- Situation awareness
The synthesis of an accurate and up to- date mental model of one is
environment & state and the ability to use this to make predictions of possible
future states
For AME can be summarized as :
 1- Status of systems the engineer is working on.

2- Possible effect on this work on other system.

3- The effect of this work on that being done by others & effect of their work on this work.
4- Relationship between reported defect & the intended rectification.

53-Illusion

54- Lack of Information Manuals

Manuals
55-Reversible Errors:
A well designed system or procedure should mean that errors made by A/C Maintenance
Engineer are Reversible.
56- Explain reason Swiss cheese Model?
Reason has highlighted the concept of defenses against human error within an
organization
57- Information process
Process of receiving information through the sense analyzing it &making it
meaningful
58- Reasons Study of AME Omissions (56%)
59-Purpose of Quality Assurance

60-Which are the most Repertory Situation Incidents

61- Duplicate Inspection

62-When the record must be complete at the end of work

63- Organization culture:
The way we do things here, it is a group or company norm
64-How to catch errors in maintenance

65- Best work Performance situation

Climate and temperature, Good performance ( Warm / Dry)
66-Number of maintenance error 54%

67- Murphy law:

There is a tendency among human being towards complacency. "If something can
go wrong, it will"
If everyone could be persuaded to acknowledge Murphy law, this might
help overcome the "it will never happen to me"
68-Supervisors means:
 69- The Dirty Dozen
12 areas of potential problem in human factors
70-Philosphey of maintenance Safety
71- Violations
Sometimes appear to be human errors, but they differ from slips, lapses and mistakes
because they are illegal actions.
72- Good Rule of thumb is:
One hour of high quality sleep is good for 2 h of activities
73- Incidents & accidents attributable to human factors/ errors:
Approximately 70% of all aircraft accidents were attributable to man
performance "human errors"
74- Series of human factors problem which formed
error chain
If any one of the links in this chain had been broken by building in
measures which may have prevented a problem at one or more of these stages,
these incidents may have been prevented.
75- Noise level can be reduced by 20db using ear
plugs
76-Solve problem
Using detailed check sheet.