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Controversies
      Sabbath Afternoon
Read for This Week’s Study: Mark 2:1–3:6, Micah 6:6–8,
      1 Sam. 21:1–6, Mark 3:20–35, Luke 12:53, Luke 14:26.
Memory Text: “And He said to them, ‘The Sabbath was made for
      man, and not man for the Sabbath. Therefore the Son of Man is also
      Lord of the Sabbath’ ” (Mark 2:27, 28, NKJV).
      M
                 ark 2:1–3:6 contains five stories that illustrate Jesus’ teaching
                 in contrast to the teaching of the religious leaders. The stories
                 are in a specific pattern in which each successive story links
      to the one before via a topical parallel. The final story circles around
      and reconnects with the first one.
         Each one of these stories illustrates aspects of who Jesus is, as
      exemplified by the statements in Mark 2:10, 17, 20, 28. Our studies on
      Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday will delve deeper into the meaning of
      these accounts and Christ’s statements in them.
         Mark 3:20–35 is the subject for study on Wednesday and Thursday.
         What we will see, too, is an example of a technique the Gospel writer
      uses that is called “sandwich stories.” This narrative pattern appears
      at least six times in Mark. In each case some important aspect of the
      nature of Jesus and His role as Messiah, or the nature of discipleship,
      is the focus.
         This week, we will read some accounts about Jesus and see what we
      can learn from them.
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                     S unday July 14
                                                                (page 23 of Standard Edition)
          Healing a Paralytic
     Read Mark 2:1–12. What was the paralytic looking for when he was
          brought to Jesus, and what did he receive?
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             The man was paralyzed; his four friends, therefore, had to carry him
          to Jesus. After they tore through the roof and let the man down into
          Jesus’ presence, Mark 2:5 notes that Jesus saw their faith. How can
          faith be visible? Like love, it becomes visible in actions, as the persis-
          tence of the friends openly illustrates.
             The man’s obvious need was physical. However, when he comes into
          Jesus’ presence, the first words Jesus pronounces refer to forgiveness
          of sins. The man speaks not a word during the entire scene. Instead, it
          is the religious leaders who object (in their minds) to what Jesus has
          just said. They consider His words blasphemous, slandering God, and
          taking on prerogatives that belong only to God.
             Jesus meets the objectors on their own ground by using a typical rab-
          binic style of argumentation called “lesser to greater.” It is one thing to
          say that a person’s sins are forgiven; it is another thing to actually make
          a paralyzed man walk. If Jesus can make the man walk by the power of
          God, then His claim to forgive sins finds affirmation.
     Read Micah 6:6–8. How does this text explain what was happening
          between Jesus and the leaders?
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          _____________________________________________________
            These religious leaders lost sight of what really mattered: justice,
          mercy, and walking humbly before God. So obsessed with defend-
          ing their understanding of God, they were blinded to God’s working
          right before their eyes. Nothing indicated that the men changed their
          minds about Jesus even though He gave them more than enough
          evidence to know that He was from God, not only by letting them
          know that He could read their minds (no simple feat in and of itself)
          but also by healing the paralytic in their presence in a way that they
          could not deny.
           How can we be careful to avoid the same trap that these men fell
           into: being so obsessed with the forms of religion that they lost
           sight of what really mattered in true religion (see James 1:27)?
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              M onday July 15
                                                              (page 24 of Standard Edition)
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        Tax collectors in Jesus’ day were civil servants under the local or
     Roman government. They were unpopular among the Jewish popu-
     lation in Judea because they often exacted more than required and
     became rich off their countrymen. A Jewish commentary on religious
     law, the Mishnah tractate Tohoroth says, “If taxgatherers entered a
     house [all that is within it] becomes unclean.”
        Thus, it is not surprising that the scribes inquire disapprovingly,
     “Why does He eat with tax collectors and sinners?”
        How did Jesus respond to their question? He doesn’t reject it. Instead,
     He turns it on its head, indicating that people who are sick, not who are
     healthy, need a doctor. He thereby claims the moniker of spiritual doc-
     tor, the One who can heal the sin-sick soul. And should not a doctor go
     where the sick are?
        Mark 2:18–22 picks up a new theme. It is the central story of these
     five stories dealing with controversy. Where the previous section
     included a feast provided by Levi, this next story revolves around the
     question of fasting. It consists of a query as to why Jesus’ disciples do
     not fast when John the Baptist’s and the Pharisees’ do. Jesus responds
     with an illustration or parable in which He compares His presence to
     a wedding feast. It would be an extremely odd wedding if the guests
     all fasted. But Jesus does predict a day when the bridegroom will be
     taken away, an allusion to the Cross. There will be plenty of time for
     fasting then.
        Jesus continues with two illustrations that highlight the contrast
     between His teaching and that of the religious leaders—unshrunk cloth
     on an old garment and new wine in old wineskins. What an interesting
     way to contrast the teaching of Christ and the religious leaders. It shows
     just how corrupted the ways of the teachers had become. Even true
     religion can be turned into darkness if people are not careful.
      Who are those who today might be looked upon as the tax collectors
      were in Jesus’ day? How do we adjust our thinking regarding
      them?
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                    T uesday July 16
                                                              (page 25 of Standard Edition)
     Read Mark 2:23–28. How does Jesus counter the charge brought by
           the Pharisees?
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             Jesus responds with the story of David’s eating the sacred shew-
           bread (1 Sam. 21:1–6). The shewbread was removed on the Sabbath;
           so, David’s journey may well have been an emergency escape on the
           Sabbath. Jesus argues that if David and his men were justified in eat-
           ing the shewbread, then Jesus’ disciples are justified in plucking and
           eating grain.
             Jesus further indicates that the Sabbath was made for the benefit of
           humanity, not the other way around, and that the basis for His claim is
           that He is the Lord of the Sabbath.
     Read Mark 3:1–6. How does this story illustrate Jesus’ point that the
           Sabbath was made for humanity?
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              Again Jesus faces controversy with the religious leaders over the
           Sabbath. (Notice, however, that the controversy is never over the
           Sabbath day itself.) The religious leaders want to accuse Jesus if He
           heals on the Sabbath. Jesus does not shy away from confronting them.
           He sets up a contrast between doing good or doing harm, saving life or
           killing. The answer to His question is obvious; doing good and saving
           life are much more appropriate as Sabbath activities.
              Jesus proceeds to heal the man, which angers His opponents, who
           immediately start to plan His demise. The irony of the story is that
           those looking to catch Jesus in Sabbath breaking were themselves
           breaking the Sabbath by plotting His death that same day.
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        W ednesday July 17
                                                                 (page 26 of Standard Edition)
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        This passage is the first “sandwich story” in Mark, where one story
     is begun and then is interrupted by another story, with the first story
     completed only afterward.
        The outer story is about Jesus’ relatives setting out to take charge of
     Him because they think He is out of His mind (Mark 3:21). The inner
     story is about the scribes from Jerusalem charging Jesus with being in
     collusion with the devil. (Today’s study focuses on the inner story found
     in Mark 3:22–30.)
        In Mark 3:22, the scribes bring the charge that Jesus’ healing power
     comes from the devil. Jesus responds first with an overarching ques-
     tion: “How can Satan cast out Satan?” It does not make sense that Satan
     would work against himself. Jesus proceeds to speak about division
     within a kingdom, a house, and Satan himself, showing how absurd
     such division would be for their success. But then the Lord turns the
     tables and talks about binding a strong man in order to plunder his
     house. In this last example, Jesus is the thief entering Satan’s house,
     binding the prince of darkness to set his captives free.
Read Mark 3:28–30. What is the unpardonable sin, and what does
     that mean?
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        The unpardonable sin is the sin against the Holy Spirit, calling the work
     of the Spirit the work of the devil. Notice that in Mark 3:30 the reason Jesus
     makes His statement in Mark 3:28, 29 is because the scribes are saying that
     He has an unclean spirit when in reality He has the Holy Spirit. If you call
     the work of the Holy Spirit the work of the devil, then you will not listen
     to the Holy Spirit because no one in his or her right mind wants to follow
     the devil’s guidance.
      Why does the fear that you might have committed the “unpar-
      donable sin” reveal that you have not committed it? Why is the
      fear itself evidence that you haven’t?
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                T hursday July 18
                                                              (page 27 of Standard Edition)
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             A charge of mental instability is quite serious. Typically this arises
          from experiences where a person is a threat to his or her own safety.
          Jesus’ family felt this way about Him because He was so busy that He
          did not take time to stop to eat. They set out to take charge of Him, and
          that is where the outer story of the sandwich breaks off, interrupted by
          the inner story about the scribes charging Jesus with collusion with the
          devil.
             A strange parallel exists between the outer and inner stories of this
          sandwich story. Jesus’ own family seems to have a view of Him parallel
          to that of the scribes. The family says He is crazy. The scribes say He
          is in league with the devil.
     Read Mark 3:31–35. What does Jesus’ family want, and how does He
          respond?
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             This scene may seem strange. If your mother or other family mem-
          bers come to see you, should you not meet with them? The problem
          was that Jesus’ family at the time was not in tune with the will of God.
          Jesus recognized that truth, and in this passage He redefines family.
          Those who do the will of God are His brother, sister, and mother. He is
          the Son of God, and those who align themselves with the will of God
          become His family.
             The two stories of this Markan sandwich story together contain a
          deep irony. In the inner story, Jesus says that a house divided against
          itself cannot stand. At first glance, it seems that in the outer story,
          Jesus’ own house—His family—is divided against itself! But Jesus
          resolves this conundrum by His redefinition of family. His real family
          are those who do the will of God along with Him (see Luke 12:53,
          Luke 14:26).
             Many times throughout history, Christians have found themselves
          alienated from their own relatives. It is a difficult experience. This
          passage in Mark reveals that Jesus went through the same trouble. He
          understands what it is like and can comfort those who feel this often
          painful isolation.
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                  F riday July 19
                                                              (page 28 of Standard Edition)
Discussion Questions:
      Ê What strategies or practices help you and your local church stay
      sensitive to silently suffering people like the paralytic in Mark 2?
      Ì How can your local church become “family” for those whose
      immediate genetic family may have rejected them over their faith?
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i n s i d e
                         Story
“Except by Fasting and Prayer”
By Andrew McChesney
   Fourteen-year-old Payel changed after a 14-year-old friend committed
suicide. Once outgoing, she sat quietly in the corner. Then she began to
scream, shiver, and shake for no apparent reason. Terrified, she confided
that she was being visited by someone who looked like her dead friend.
   “Come with me,” the apparition told her. “I want to take you with me.”
   Twice Payel tried to leap off a balcony, but her parents stopped her.
   In desperation, the parents called Rustam for help. Rustam was a Global
Mission pioneer who had planted a church in a previously unentered area
of their Asian city. No one in Payel’s family was a Christian except an aunt,
and she had told the parents about Rustam. Rustam explained that Payel was
not seeing her dead friend but an evil spirit.
   “We need to pray to Jesus,” he said.
   Rustam took four church members to Payel’s home to pray. But Payel
wouldn’t sit still. She screamed, flung her hands up and down, and stomped
her feet. The visitors sang hymns, but every time they mentioned the name
of Jesus, she shrieked, “Stop! I can’t breathe! Someone’s suffocating me!”
   Rustam understood that Payel was possessed. He opened a Bible and read
about Jesus casting out demons. He prayed. Then Payel became calm. She
sat down, talked, and drank water. Rustam hoped that the spirit had left.
   But later that night, the aunt called him at home. “Payel has started
screaming and says she sees her friend again,” she said.
   Rustam was puzzled. What had gone wrong? Then he remembered the
Bible story in which Jesus’ disciples had been unable to cast out a spirit.
When they asked why, Jesus replied, “This kind does not go out except
by prayer and fasting” (Matt. 17:21, NKJV). Rustam called several Global
Mission pioneers, and they fasted and prayed for two days. Then he returned
to Payel’s house with a group that included a Seventh-day Adventist pastor.
   When Payel saw the visitors, she tried to flee. It took four people to hold
her down. But they couldn’t keep her quiet. She screamed as the visitors
sang hymns for 30 minutes. Then she slipped into unconsciousness as the
pastor preached about the power of Jesus from the Bible. Rustam sprinkled
water on her face until she woke up. Someone gave her water to drink.
   Since that visit, Rustam has returned to worship and pray with Payel and
her family every two weeks. Payel has not seen the apparition again. She has
returned to her old self.
   “We were not ready the first time we visited her,” Rustam said. “We only
were ready the second time because Jesus teaches, ‘This kind does not go
out except by prayer and fasting.’ ”
Thank you for your prayers for Global Mission pioneers who, like Rustam, face huge chal-
lenges planting churches among unreached people groups around the world. Learn more
about Global Mission pioneers on the Adventist Mission website: bit.ly/GMPioneers.
          Provided by the General Conference Office of Adventist Mission, which uses Sabbath School
38        mission offerings to spread the gospel worldwide. Read new stories daily at AdventistMission.org.
                                        teachers comments
Part I: Overview
         Key Texts: Mark 2, 3
         Study Focus: Mark 2:3–12; Mark 3:6, 22–29
         Introduction: This week’s study reviews events in Jesus’ ministry as
         presented in Mark 2 and 3. Jesus’ work is focused on the restoration of
         people’s lives through the gospel. However, Jesus’ ministry and message
         were not always well received by certain individuals who wielded great
         influence in society at that time.
         Lesson Themes: In Mark 2 and 3, the author highlights the fact that some
         religious teachers misapprehended and distrusted Jesus’ message. Within
         this context, we will examine:
        1. The groups, including the Pharisees and scribes, who were hostile to
            Jesus’ teachings.
        2. Some issues of contention between Jesus and the religious leaders.
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                                      teachers comments
      the Torah” (Sanhedrin 11:3). The scribes are also described as “lawyers”
      (compare with Matt. 22:35); in other words, they are “experts in the
      Mosaic Law.”
         The question is, Why are the Pharisees and scribes in permanent col-
      lision with Jesus? Or why is He challenging these teachers? Saldarini
      emphasizes that “the Pharisees’ knowledge of Jewish law and tradi-
      tions, accepted by the people, [was] the basis of their social standing.
      Presumably, the scribes and priests also had influence with some of
      the people. . . . Jesus’ struggle with the Pharisees, scribes and chief
      priests can be explained most easily as a struggle for influence with
      the people.”—Anthony J. Saldarini, Pharisees, Scribes and Sadducees
      in Palestinian Society (Grand Rapids, MI/Cambridge: Eerdmans/Dove,
      2001), p. 33.
         Matthew 23 offers a clear explanation for why Jesus reproached the
      religious leaders of His time: “The scribes and the Pharisees sit on
      Moses’ seat; therefore, do whatever they teach you and follow it; but
      do not do as they do, for they do not practice what they teach” (Matt.
      23:2, 3, NRSV). In contrast to their hypocrisy, Jesus is a practitioner of
      the principles that He teaches. For this reason, He is a teacher with great
      authority, not like the scribes. The Pharisees and the scribes, on the other
      hand, are hypocrites; they do not practice what they profess or teach. As
      we learned from our study in the first chapter, Mark highlights Jesus not
      only as someone who teaches and preaches the gospel of God but also
      as the One who personifies it; that is, He incarnates it. In His life, Jesus
      seeks to alleviate the burden of illness and sin that weighs people down
      and to free them from the crushing weight of the burden of traditions.
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Notes
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