Project : Worksheet Verification Date :
Immediate Settlement Designed by : WMA
Checked by : CPS
Verified by JA
FOUNDATION SETTLEMENTS
Immediate Settlement (Theory of Elasticity)
DHI =
qo B '
1−μ2
Es
I 1+
2
1−2 μ
(
I I
1−μ 2 F )
1−μ
= qo B ' mI s I F
Es
where, qo = intensity of contact pressure in units of Es
B' = least lateral dimension of contributing base area in units of DH (B/2 for center)
L' = lateral dimension other than B' (L/2 for center)
Ii = influence factors
IF = influence factors by Fox (1948)
Es = stress-strain modulus of soil
m = Poisson's ratio
HT = base of foundation to hard stratum (at least 10 times E s)
m = 4 at centre, 2 at side and 1 at corner
Is = I + 1−2 μ I
1 2
1−μ
Input
SI Reference = BH 1
Location of Stress Point Beneath Foundation = Center
Q = 675 kN q0 = 263.7 kN/m2
B = 1.6 m B' = 0.8 m
L = 1.6 m L' = 0.8 m
HT = 8 m I1 = 0.498
D = 1.60 m I2 = 0.016
m = 0.3 D/B = 1.00 (to be used in reading chart
IF = 0.65 L/B = 1 to obtain IF)
m = 4 Is = 0.507
Average of Es = Es1 x H1 + Es2 x H2 + Es3 x H3 + …
HT
= 20000 kPa
Output
Immediate Settlement , DHI = 12.65 mm
Project : Worksheet Verification Date :
Designed by :
Checked by :
Title : Consolidation Settlement (mv method) Verified by :
FOUNDATION SETTLEMENTS
Consolidation Settlement (mv Method)
DHC = mv Dq H
where, mv = constrained modulus of elasticity (1/Es)
Dq = stress increase using Boussinesq's method ( I x Dp)
Dp = intensity of contact pressure in units of Es
I = influence factor
H = thickness of compressible layer
DHC = settlement for thickness layer H
b
Input
a center
SI Reference = BH1
a b
Size of Foundation = 15 x 25 m
Thickness of fill = 7.5 m
Unit weight of fill = 20 kN/m3
Intensity of Contact Pressure, (if the contact pressure is known, it can be inserted
∆p = 150 kN/m2 directly instead relying on fill thickness and unit weight)
H mv z I Dq DHC
Layer Soil Type Depth*
(m) (m2/MN) (m) (kN/m2) (m)
1 Very Soft Sandy SILT 0.0 0.50 1.05 0.25 1.000 150.0 0.0787
2 Very Soft Sandy SILT 0.5 0.50 1.05 0.75 1.000 150.0 0.0787
3 Very Soft Sandy SILT 1.0 0.50 1.05 1.25 1.000 150.0 0.0787
4 Very Soft Sandy SILT 1.5 1.50 1.05 2.25 0.998 149.8 0.2359
5 Very Soft Sandy SILT 3.0 1.50 1.05 3.75 0.993 149.0 0.2346
6 Very Soft Sandy SILT 4.5 1.50 1.05 5.25 0.982 147.3 0.2320
7 Loose Silty SAND 6.0
8
9
10
* Depth below foundation base level
Output
Consolidation Settlement , DHc = 938.7 mm
Consolidation Time
Coefficient of Consolidation ,Cv = 2 m2/yr
( if single drainage = H , whereas
Thickness of Compressible Soil, H = 6 m single (single/double) double drainage = H/2 )
Estimated Settlement, DH = 0.0028 m (refer to respective layer)
% Consolidation, U = Percentage of consolidation (100% indicates total settlement)
2
=
U π for U ≤ 50%
Dimensionless time factor T = Ti
4
( )
2
4 π
= − ln (1−U ) for U > 50%
π2 8
Correlation between dimensionless time factor, T and the consolidation time, t is given by: C v ti
T=
H2
Therefore,
2
Consolidation time, t = TH (unit in years)
Cv
% Consolidation 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95 99
Time factor, T 0.008 0.031 0.071 0.126 0.196 0.286 0.403 0.567 0.848 1.129 1.781
Sett., S (mm) 0.28 0.56 0.84 1.12 1.40 1.68 1.96 2.24 2.52 2.66 2.77
Time, t (Years) 0.14 0.57 1.27 2.26 3.53 5.15 7.25 10.21 15.27 20.32 32.06
Time, t (months) 1.70 6.79 15.27 27.14 42.41 61.83 87.01 122.51 183.19 243.87 384.76
Project Worksheet Verification Date :
Designed by :
Title Consolidation Settlement (Cc method) Checked by :
FOUNDATION SETTLEMENTS
Consolidation Settlement (Cc Method)
DHC = (Cc/1+eo) Log ((p'o + Dq)/p'o) H for p'o > p'c
DHC = (Cr/1+eo) Log ((p'o + Dq)/p'o) H for p'c > p'o and Dq < (p'c - p'o)
DHC = (Cr/1+eo) Log (p'c/p'o) H + (Cc/1+eo) Log ((p'o + Dq)/p'c) H for p'c > p'o and Dq > (p'c - p'o)
where, Cc = compression index Dq = stress increase using Boussinesq's method ( I x Dp)
Cr = re-compression index Dp = intensity of contact pressure in units of Es
p'o = effective vertical pressure at some depth eo = initial void ratio
p'c = effective preconsolidation pressure at some depth I = influence factor
H = thickness of compressible layer
Input
b
SI Reference = BH 1
a center
a b
Size of Foundation = 15 x 25 m
Thickness of fill = 7.5 m
Unit weight of fill = 20 kN/m3 Ground Water Level = 0.5 m.b.g.l.
Intensity of Contact Pressure, ∆p = 150 kN/m2 Foundation Base Level = 0 m.b.g.l.
m.b.g.l. H Cc Cr gb gsat eo P'c P'o z* I Dq DHC
Layer Soil Type
(Top)
(m) (m /yr)
2
(m /yr) (kN/m ) (kN/m )
2 3 3
(kN/m ) 2
(kN/m ) 2
(m) (kN/m )2
(m)
1 Very Soft Sandy SILT 0.0 0.50 0.73 0.12 16.0 16.0 1.83 32.0 4.0 0.3 1.000 150.0 0.1072
2 Very Soft Sandy SILT 0.5 0.50 0.73 0.12 16.0 16.0 1.83 37.5 9.5 0.8 1.000 150.0 0.0937
3 Very Soft Sandy SILT 1.0 0.50 0.73 0.12 16.0 16.0 1.83 40.5 12.5 1.3 1.000 150.0 0.0886
4 Very Soft Sandy SILT 1.5 1.50 0.73 0.12 16.0 16.0 1.83 46.5 18.5 2.3 0.998 149.8 0.2416
5 Very Soft Sandy SILT 3.0 1.50 0.73 0.12 16.0 16.0 1.83 55.5 27.5 3.8 0.993 149.0 0.2138
6 Very Soft Sandy SILT 4.5 1.50 0.73 0.12 16.0 16.0 1.83 64.5 36.5 5.3 0.982 147.3 0.1917
7
8 Loose Silty SAND 6.0
m.b.g.l = meter below ground level
* Mid-depth from Foundation Base Level
0.019397
Output
Consolidation Settlement , DHc = 936.6 mm (Settlement at centre)
Consolidation Time
Coefficient of Consolidation ,Cv = 2 m2/yr
( if single drainage = H , whereas
Thickness of Compressible Soil, H = 6.00 m single (single/double) double drainage = H/2 )
Estimated Settlement, DH = 0.9366 m (refer to respective layer)
% Consolidation, U = Percentage of consolidation (100% indicates total settlement)
2
Dimensionless time factor T = Ti =
U π for U ≤ 50%
4
= −
4
π 2 [ ( )]
ln ( 1−U )
π2
8
for U > 50%
Correlation between dimensionless time factor, T and the consolidation time, t is given by: C v ti
T=
H2
Therefore,
2
Consolidation time, t = TH (unit in years)
Cv
% Consolidation 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95 99
Time factor, T 0.008 0.031 0.071 0.126 0.196 0.286 0.403 0.567 0.848 1.129 1.781
Sett., S (mm) 93.66 187.31 280.97 374.63 468.28 561.94 655.60 749.25 842.91 889.74 927.20
Time, t (Years) 0.14 0.57 1.27 2.26 3.53 5.15 7.25 10.21 15.27 20.32 32.06
Time, t (months) 1.70 6.79 15.27 27.14 42.41 61.83 87.01 122.51 183.19 243.87 384.76
[
Immediate Settlement
(1+ √ M +1 ) √ M +N
2 2 2
Plan view of foundation 1
I 1 = M ln
M (1+ √ M +N +1 )
M = 1
π 2 2
N = 10
Is = 0.507
Consolidation Settlement (mv)
I 2=
N
2π
tan−
( M
N √ M + N +1
2 2 )
M N V V1
0.079577
60.0 100.0 13601.0 36000000.0 0.249999
20.0 33.3 1512.1 444444.4 0.249999
12.0 20.0 545.0 57600.0
6.7 11.1 168.9 5487.0
4.0 6.7 61.4 711.1
N
2.9 4.8 31.8 185.1
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! M
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Consolidation Settlement (Cc)
Hfoun M N V1 V
0.5 60.0 100.0 13601.0 36000000.0
0.5 20.0 33.3 1512.1 444444.4
0.5 12.0 20.0 545.0 57600.0
1.5 6.7 11.1 168.9 5487.0
1.5 4.0 6.7 61.4 711.1
1.5 2.9 4.8 31.8 185.1
0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
1+ √ M +1 ) √ M +N ( M + √ M +1 ) √ 1+N
]
2 2 2 2 2
+ln
M (1+ √ M +N +1 ) M + √ M +N +1 )
2 2 2 2
−
( M
N √ M + N +1
2 2 ) (tan-1 in radius)
