Question ID e29586d5

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: e29586d5

Number of Contestants by Score and Day

5 4 3 2 1 0
out out out out out out Total
of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5

Day
2 3 4 6 2 3 20
1

Day
2 3 5 5 4 1 20
2

Day
3 3 4 5 3 2 20
3

Total 7 9 13 16 9 6 60
The same 20 contestants, on each of 3 days, answered 5 questions in order to win a prize. Each contestant received 1 point
for each correct answer. The number of contestants receiving a given score on each day is shown in the table above.
No contestant received the same score on two different days. If a contestant is
selected at random, what is the probability that the selected contestant received a
score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3, given that the contestant received a score of 5 on
one of the three days?

ID: e29586d5 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is . It is given that no contestant received the same score on two different days, so each of the

contestants who received a score of 5 is represented in the “5 out of 5” column of the table exactly once. Therefore,
the probability of selecting a contestant who received a score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3, given that the contestant
received a score of 5 on one of the three days, is found by dividing the total number of contestants who received a
score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3 by the total number of contestants who received a score of 5, which is given

in the table as 7. So the probability is . Note that 5/7, .7142, .7143, and 0.714 are examples of ways to enter a correct
answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID eccbf957
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: eccbf957

Each face of a fair -sided die is labeled with a number from through , with a different number appearing on each face.
If the die is rolled one time, what is the probability of rolling a ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: eccbf957 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The total number of possible outcomes for rolling a fair 14-sided die is 14. The number of
possible outcomes for rolling a 2 is 1. The probability of rolling a 2 is the number of possible outcomes for rolling a 2
1
divided by the total number of possible outcomes, or 14 .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the probability of rolling a number no greater than 2.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability of rolling a number greater than 2.

Choice D is incorrect. This is the probability of rolling a number other than 2.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID b1b5300b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: b1b5300b
Prices of 14 Different Cars
Priced at no more Priced greater
Type of car Total
than $25,000 than $25,000

Nonhybrid 5 3 8

Hybrid 2 4 6

Total 7 7 14

The table above shows information about 14 cars listed for sale on an auto dealership’s website. If one of the
cars listed for sale is selected at random, what is the probability that the car selected will be a hybrid car
priced at no more than $25,000 ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: b1b5300b Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It’s given that there are 2 hybrid cars priced at no more than $25,000. It’s also given that there are
14 cars total for sale. Therefore, the probability of selecting a hybrid priced at no more than $25,000 when one car is

chosen at random is .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the probability of selecting a hybrid car priced greater than $25,000 when choosing one
car at random. Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability, when choosing randomly from only the hybrid cars, of
selecting one priced at no more than $25,000. Choice D is incorrect. This is the probability of selecting a hybrid car
when selecting at random from only the cars priced greater than $25,000.
Question Difficulty: Medium
Question ID 1353b86e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 1353b86e
Colors of
Marbles in a Bag
Color Number

Red 8

Blue 10

Green 22

Total 40

The table shows the number of different colors of marbles in a bag. If a marble is
chosen at random from the bag, what is the probability that the marble will be
blue?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 1353b86e Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. If a marble is chosen at random from the bag, the probability of choosing a marble of a certain
color is the number of marbles of that color divided by the total number of marbles in the bag. Since there are 10
blue marbles in the bag, and there are 40 total marbles in the bag, the probability that the marble chosen will be blue

is .

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. These represent the probability that the marble chosen won’t be blue (choice A),
will be green (choice B), and won’t be green (choice C).
Question Difficulty: Easy
Question ID d89c1513
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: d89c1513

Customer Purchases at a Gas Station

Beverage purchased Beverage not purchased Total

Gasoline purchased 60 25 85

Gasoline not purchased 35 15 50

Total 90 40 135
On Tuesday, a local gas station had 135 customers. The table above summarizes
whether or not the customers on Tuesday purchased gasoline, a beverage, both, or
neither. Based on the data in the table, what is the probability that a gas station
customer selected at random on that day did not purchase gasoline?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: d89c1513 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The total number of gas station customers on Tuesday was 135. The table shows that the number
of customers who did not purchase gasoline was 50. Finding the ratio of the number of customers who did not
purchase gasoline to the total number of customers gives the probability that a customer selected at random on that

day did not purchase gasoline, which is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from finding the probability that a customer did not purchase a beverage, given
that the customer did not purchase gasoline. Choice B is incorrect and may result from finding the probability that a
customer did not purchase gasoline, given that the customer did not purchase a beverage. Choice C is incorrect and
may result from finding the probability that a customer did purchase a beverage, given that the customer did not
purchase gasoline.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID e1ad3d41
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: e1ad3d41

Eye color
Coat color
Deep blue Light brown Total

Cream-tortoiseshell 16 16 32

Chocolate 12 4 16

Total 28 20 48

The data on the coat color and eye color for 48 Himalayan kittens available for
adoption were collected and summarized in the table above. What fraction of the
chocolate-colored kittens has deep blue eyes?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: e1ad3d41 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The table shows that there are a total of 16 kittens that have a chocolate-colored coat. Of the 16
with a chocolate-colored coat, 12 have deep blue eyes. Therefore, the fraction of chocolate-colored kittens with deep

blue eyes is simply the ratio of those two numbers, or .

Choice A is incorrect; this is the fraction of all chocolate-colored kittens. Choice B is incorrect; this is the fraction of
kittens with deep blue eyes that have a chocolate-colored coat. Choice C is incorrect; this is the fraction of cream-
tortoiseshell-colored kittens with deep blue eyes.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 46545dd6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 46545dd6
Number of High School Students Who
Completed Summer Internships

High Year
school 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Foothill 87 80 75 76 70

Valley 44 54 65 76 82

Total 131 134 140 152 152

The table above shows the number of students from two different high schools
who completed summer internships in each of five years. No student attended
both schools. Of the students who completed a summer internship in 2010, which
of the following represents the fraction of students who were from Valley High
School?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 46545dd6 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. According to the table, 140 students from the two high schools completed summer internships
in 2010. Of these, 65 were from Valley High School. Therefore, of the students who completed summer internships in

2010, represents the fraction who were from Valley High School.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the difference between the numbers of students from the two high schools who
completed internships in 2010 divided by the total number of students from the two schools who completed
internships that year. Choice C is incorrect. This is the fraction of students from Foothill High School who
completed internships out of all the students who completed internships in 2010. Choice D is incorrect. This is the
number of students from Valley High School who completed internships in 2010 divided by the number of students
from Foothill High School who completed internships in 2010.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 16cea46c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 16cea46c

Voice type Number of singers

Countertenor 4

Tenor 6

Baritone 10

Bass 5

A total of 25 men registered for singing lessons. The frequency table shows how
many of these singers have certain voice types. If one of these singers is selected at
random, what is the probability he is a baritone?

A. 0.10

B. 0.40

C. 0.60

D. 0.67

ID: 16cea46c Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. This probability is calculated by dividing the number of baritone singers by the total number of
men registered for singing lessons. It’s given that a total of 25 men registered for singing lessons and that there are

10 baritones. Therefore, the probability of selecting a baritone from this group at random is , which is equivalent

to 0.40.

Choice A is incorrect. This would be the probability of selecting a baritone at random if there were 100 total men
who registered for singing lessons. Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability of selecting a singer at random who
isn’t a baritone. Choice D is incorrect. This would be the probability of selecting a baritone at random if there were 15
total men registered for singing lessons.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID b680e76d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: b680e76d
A survey taken by 1,000 students at a school asked whether they played school sports. The table below
summarizes all 1,000 responses from the students surveyed.

How many of the males surveyed responded that they do not play a school sport?

A. 109

B. 252

C. 468

D. 688

ID: b680e76d Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The table summarizes all 1,000 responses from the students surveyed. If 312 are males who play
a sport, 220 are females who play a sport, and 216 are females who do not play a sport, then 1,000 – 312 – 220 – 216 =
252 males who do not play a sport.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. If 109 males who do not play a sport responded, then the table summary would be
109 + 312 + 220 + 216 = 857 total student responses rather than 1,000. If 468 males who do not play a sport responded,
then the table summary would be 468 + 312 + 220 + 216 = 1,216 total student responses rather than 1,000. If 688 males
who do not play a sport responded, then the table summary would be 688 + 312 + 220 + 216 = 1,436 total student
responses rather than 1,000.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID d4413871
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: d4413871

Blood type

Rhesus factor A B AB O

33 9 3 37

7 2 1 x

Human blood can be classified into four common blood types—A, B, AB, and O. It
is also characterized by the presence or absence of the rhesus factor. The

table above shows the distribution of blood type and rhesus factor for a group of
people. If one of these people who is rhesus negative is chosen at random, the

probability that the person has blood type B is . What is the value of x ?

ID: d4413871 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 8. In this group, of the people who are rhesus negative have blood type B. The total number
of people who are rhesus negative in the group is , and there are 2 people who are rhesus negative with

blood type B. Therefore, . Combining like terms on the left-hand side of the equation yields

. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 9 yields , and multiplying both sides of this
equation by yields . Subtracting 10 from both sides of this equation yields .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 0301c5dc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 0301c5dc
The table below shows the number of state parks in a certain state that contain camping facilities and bicycle
paths.

Has bicycle paths Does not have bicycle paths

Has camping facilities 20 5

Does not have camping facilities 8 4

If one of these state parks is selected at random, what is the probability that it has
camping facilities but does not have bicycle paths?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 0301c5dc Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The total number of state parks in the state is . According to the table, 5 of

these have camping facilities but not bicycle paths. Therefore, if a state park is selected at random, the probability

that it has camping facilities but not bicycle paths is .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the probability that a state park selected at random from the state parks with camping
facilities does not have bicycle paths. Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability that a state park selected at
random from the state parks with bicycle paths does not have camping facilities. Choice D is incorrect. This is the
probability that a state park selected at random from the state parks without bicycle paths does have camping
facilities.
Question Difficulty: Medium
Question ID 0ae37ff3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 0ae37ff3

In a bag, there are red, white, blue, and yellow cubes. If one of these cubes is selected at random, what is the
probability of selecting a cube that is neither blue nor yellow?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 0ae37ff3 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It’s given that there are 7 red, 4 white, 33 blue, and 33 yellow cubes in the bag. Therefore, there
are a total of 7 + 4 + 33 + 33, or 77, cubes in the bag. If the cube is neither blue nor yellow, then it must be either red
or white. Therefore, the probability of selecting a cube that is neither blue nor yellow is equivalent to the probability
of selecting a cube that is either red or white. If one of these cubes is selected at random, the probability of selecting
a cube that is either red or white is equal to the sum of the number of red cubes and white cubes divided by the total
number of cubes in the bag. There are 7 red cubes, 4 white cubes, and 77 total cubes in the bag. Therefore, the
7+4 11 1
probability of selecting a red or white cube is 77
, which is equivalent to 77
, or 7 . Thus, if one cube is selected at
1
random, the probability of selecting a cube that is neither blue nor yellow is 7 .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the probability of selecting a cube that is either blue or yellow, rather than the
probability of selecting a cube that is neither blue nor yellow.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 47624288
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 47624288

The table gives the distribution of votes for a new school mascot and grade level for students.

Grade level

Mascot Sixth Seventh Eighth Total

Badger

Lion

Longhorn

Tiger

Total
If one of these students is selected at random, what is the probability of selecting a student whose vote for new mascot was
for a lion?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 47624288 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. If one of these students is selected at random, the probability of selecting a student whose vote
for the new mascot was for a lion is given by the number of votes for a lion divided by the total number of votes. The
given table indicates that the number of votes for a lion is 20 votes, and the total number of votes is 80 votes. The
table gives the distribution of votes for 80 students, and the table shows a total of 80 votes were counted. It follows
that each of the 80 students voted exactly once. Thus, the probability of selecting a student whose vote for the new
20 1
mascot was for a lion is , or .
80 4

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or computational errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or computational errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or computational errors.

Question Difficulty: Easy
Question ID 60caadfd
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 60caadfd

Each rock in a collection of rocks was classified as either igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary, as shown in the
frequency table.

Classification Frequency

igneous

metamorphic

sedimentary
If one of these rocks is selected at random, what is the probability of selecting a rock that is igneous?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 60caadfd Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. If one of the rocks in the collection is selected at random, the probability of selecting a rock that
is igneous is equal to the number of igneous rocks in the collection divided by the total number of rocks in the
collection. According to the table, there are 10 igneous rocks in the collection, and it's given that there's a total of 70
rocks in the collection. Therefore, if one of the rocks in the collection is selected at random, the probability of
10
selecting a rock that is igneous is .
70

Choice A is incorrect. This is the number of igneous rocks in the collection divided by the number of sedimentary
rocks in the collection, not divided by the total number of rocks in the collection.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the number of igneous rocks in the collection divided by the number of metamorphic
rocks in the collection, not divided by the total number of rocks in the collection.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the number of igneous rocks in the collection divided by the number of rocks in the
collection that aren't igneous, not divided by the total number of rocks in the collection.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID e5b5fbdd
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: e5b5fbdd

Of the 8 planets in our solar system, 4 are considered rocky. If a student randomly
selects 1 of those 8 planets as a topic for a report, what is the probability that the
selected planet will be rocky?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: e5b5fbdd Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. If one of these planets is selected at random, the probability that the selected planet will be
rocky is calculated by dividing the number of planets that are considered rocky by the total number of planets. It’s
given that 4 of the 8 total planets are considered rocky. Therefore, the probability that the selected planet will be

rocky is , which is equivalent to .

Choices A and B are incorrect. These represent the probability if 1 of the 8 planets was considered rocky (choice A)
and if 2 of the 8 planets were considered rocky (choice B). Choice D is incorrect and may result from dividing the
total number of planets by the number of planets that are considered rocky.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 2df8f293
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 2df8f293

Each vertex of a -sided polygon is labeled with one of the letters through , with a different letter at each vertex. If
one vertex is selected at random, what is the probability that the letter will be at the selected vertex? (Express your answer
as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)

ID: 2df8f293 Answer

Correct Answer: .0714, 1/14

Rationale

1
The correct answer is . If one vertex of the polygon is selected at random, the probability that the letter 𝐷 will be at
14
the selected vertex is equal to the number of vertices labeled with the letter 𝐷 divided by the total number of
vertices. It's given that each vertex is labeled with one of the 14 letters 𝐴 through 𝑁, with a different letter at each
vertex. It follows that there is 1 vertex labeled with the letter 𝐷. It's also given that the polygon is 14-sided. It follows
1
that there are a total of 14 vertices. Thus, the probability that the letter 𝐷 will be at the selected vertex is . Note
14
that 1/14, .0714, and 0.071 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID ec7b0eb8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: ec7b0eb8

Does not talk

Texting Talks on cell on cell phone
behavior phone daily daily Total

Light 110 146 256

Medium 139 164 303

Heavy 166 74 240

Total 415 384 799

In a study of cell phone use, 799 randomly selected US teens were asked how often
they talked on a cell phone and about their texting behavior. The data are
summarized in the table above. If one of the 799 teens surveyed is selected at
random, what is the probability that the teen talks on a cell phone daily?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: ec7b0eb8 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. If one of the teens surveyed is selected at random, the probability that the teen talks on a cell
phone daily is equal to the quotient of the total number of teens who reported that they talk on a cell phone daily,

415, and the total number of teens surveyed, 799. Therefore, this probability is equal to .
Choice A is incorrect. This fraction represents the probability of selecting at random any one of the 799 teens
surveyed. Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors. Choice D is incorrect. This fraction
represents the probability of selecting at random one of the 799 teens surveyed who doesn’t talk on a cell phone
daily.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 79201024
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 79201024

A band with members has members who play saxophone. If one band member is selected at random, what is the
probability of selecting a band member who plays saxophone?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 79201024 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The probability of an event occurring is the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the
total number of possible outcomes. It’s given that there are 45 band members, which is the total number of possible
outcomes. It's also given that there are 11 band members who play saxophone. Therefore, the number of favorable
11
outcomes is 11. Thus, the probability of selecting a band member who plays saxophone is 45
.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability of selecting a band member who does not play saxophone.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 6626cac3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 6626cac3

Phone Email

Dinner
55% 80%
dance

Football
20% 10%
game

Picnic 20% 5%

Pool
5% 5%
party

Total 100% 100%

An alumni association survey asked each high school graduate to select the one activity he or she preferred
for the association’s next event. Some of the people responded by phone, and the others responded by
email. The table above shows the distribution of preferred activity, in percent, for each response type used.
For the survey, the number of email responses was twice the number of phone responses. If a person who
preferred a picnic is selected at random, what is the probability that the person responded by email?

ID: 6626cac3 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that the number of email responses is twice the number of phone responses.

Therefore, if the number of phone responses is p, then the number of email responses is . The table shows that

20% of people who responded by phone preferred a picnic. It follows that the expression represents the
number of these people. The table also shows that 5% of the people who responded by email preferred a picnic. The
expression , or , represents the number of these people. Therefore, a total of , or

people preferred a picnic. Thus, the probability of selecting at random a person who responded by email from the

people who preferred a picnic is , or . Note that 1/3, .3333, and 0.333 are examples of ways to enter a correct

answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 585de39a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 585de39a

On May 10, 2015, there were 83 million Internet subscribers in Nigeria. The major
Internet providers were MTN, Globacom, Airtel, Etisalat, and Visafone. By
September 30, 2015, the number of Internet subscribers in Nigeria had increased to
97 million. If an Internet subscriber in Nigeria on September 30, 2015, is selected at
random, the probability that the person selected was an MTN subscriber is 0.43.
There were p million MTN subscribers in Nigeria on September 30, 2015. To the
nearest integer, what is the value of p ?

ID: 585de39a Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 42. It’s given that in Nigeria on September 30, 2015, the probability of selecting an MTN
subscriber from all Internet subscribers is 0.43, that there were p million, or , MTN subscribers, and
that there were 97 million, or 97,000,000, Internet subscribers. The probability of selecting an MTN subscriber from
all Internet subscribers can be found by dividing the number of MTN subscribers by the total number of Internet

subscribers. Therefore, the equation can be used to solve for p. Dividing 1,000,000 from the

numerator and denominator of the expression on the left-hand side yields . Multiplying both sides of

this equation by 97 yields , which, to the nearest integer, is 42.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 12dbe3de
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 12dbe3de

A store received a shipment of 1,000 MP3 players, 4 of which were defective. If an

MP3 player is randomly selected from this shipment, what is the probability that it
is defective?

A. 0.004

B. 0.04

C. 0.4

D. 4

ID: 12dbe3de Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The probability of randomly selecting a defective MP3 player from the shipment is equal to the
number of defective MP3 players divided by the total number of MP3 players in the shipment. Therefore, the

probability is , which is equivalent to 0.004.

Choice B is incorrect because 0.04 represents 4 defective MP3 players out of 100 rather than out of 1,000. Choice C is
incorrect because 0.4 represents 4 defective MP3 players out of 10 rather than out of 1,000. Choice D is incorrect.
This is the number of defective MP3 players in the shipment.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 912cd125
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 912cd125
For a science project, Anka recorded whether it rained each weekday and weekend day for 12 weeks. Her results
are summarized in the table below.
Weekday and Weekend Day Rain for 12 Weeks
Rain No rain Total

Number of weekdays 12 48 60

Number of weekend days 8 16 24

Total 20 64 84

If one of the days on which there was no rain is selected at random, what is the
probability the day was a weekend day?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 912cd125 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. There were 64 days with no rain. It was a weekend day for 16 of those 64 days. So 16 out of 64 of
the days with no rain were weekend days. Because the day is selected at random, each day has an equal chance of

being selected, so the probability is .

Choice A is incorrect. It is the probability that a day selected at random from any one of the days during the 12
weeks is a weekend day with no rain. Choice C is incorrect. It is the probability that a day selected at random from
the weekend days has no rain. Choice D is incorrect. It is the probability that a day selected at random from the days
with no rain is a weekday.
Question Difficulty: Medium
Question ID 6a715bed
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 6a715bed

The table summarizes the distribution of age and assigned group for participants in a study.

– years – years years Total

Group A

Group B

Group C

Total
One of these participants will be selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a participant from group A, given
that the participant is at least years of age? (Express your answer as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)

ID: 6a715bed Answer

Correct Answer: .3833, 23/60

Rationale

23
The correct answer is . It's given that one of the participants will be selected at random. The probability of
60
selecting a participant from group A given that the participant is at least 10 years of age is the number of
participants in group A who are at least 10 years of age divided by the total number of participants who are at least
10 years of age. The table shows that in group A, there are 14 participants who are 10–19 years of age and 9
participants who are 20 + years of age. Therefore, there are 14 + 9, or 23, participants in group A who are at least 10
years of age. The table also shows that there are a total of 30 participants who are 10–19 years of age and 30
participants who are 20 + years of age. Therefore, there are a total of 30 + 30, or 60, participants who are at least 10
years of age. It follows that the probability of selecting a participant from group A given that the participant is at
23
least 10 years of age is 60
. Note that 23/60, .3833, and 0.383 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 30db8f77
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 30db8f77

At a conference, there are a total of attendees. Each attendee is assigned to either group A, group B, or group C. If one
of these attendees is selected at random, the probability of selecting an attendee who is assigned to group A is and the
probability of selecting an attendee who is assigned to group B is . How many attendees are assigned to group C?

ID: 30db8f77 Answer

Correct Answer: 88

Rationale

The correct answer is 88. It's given that there are a total of 275 attendees and each attendee is assigned to either
group A, group B, or group C. It's also given that if one of these attendees is selected at random, the probability of
selecting an attendee who is assigned to group A is 0.44 and the probability of selecting an attendee who is assigned
to group B is 0.24. It follows that there are 0.44275, or 121, attendees who are assigned to group A and 0.24275, or 66,
attendees who are assigned to group B. The number of attendees who are assigned to group C is the number of
attendees who are not assigned to group A or group B. In other words, the number of attendees who are assigned to
group C is the total number of attendees minus the number of attendees who are assigned to group A and group B.
Therefore, the number of attendees who are assigned to group C is 275 - 121 - 66, or 88.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 2a08d878
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 2a08d878

There are n nonfiction books and 12 fiction books on a bookshelf. If one of these
books is selected at random, what is the probability of selecting a nonfiction book,
in terms of n ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 2a08d878 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. Since there are n nonfiction and 12 fiction books on the bookshelf, represents the total

number of books. If one of these books is selected at random, the probability of selecting a nonfiction book is
equivalent to the number of nonfiction books divided by the total number of books. Therefore, the probability of

selecting a nonfiction book, in terms of n, is .

Choice A is incorrect. This expression represents the number of nonfiction books divided by the number of fiction
books. Choice C is incorrect. This expression represents the number of fiction books divided by the number of
nonfiction books. Choice D is incorrect. This expression represents the probability of selecting a fiction book.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 38a9ac45
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 38a9ac45

If 1,200 customers register for new accounts at a social media website every day,
what fraction of the first 60,000 new accounts are registered in the first 5 days?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 38a9ac45 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. If 1,200 customers register for new accounts every day, then (1,200)(5) = 6,000 customers
registered for new accounts in the first 5 days. Therefore, of the first 60,000 new accounts that were registered,

, or , were registered in the first 5 days.

Choice A is incorrect. The fraction represents the fraction of accounts registered in 1 of the first 5 days. Choice C

is incorrect and may result from conceptual or computation errors. Choice D is incorrect. The fraction

represents the fraction of the first 60,000 accounts that were registered in 1 day.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID b6569d0e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: b6569d0e
United States
Presidents
from 1789 to
2015
Ages Number

40–44 2

45–49 7

50–54 13

55–59 11

60–64 7

65–69 3

The table above gives the number of United States presidents from 1789 to 2015
whose age at the time they first took office is within the interval listed. Of those
presidents who were at least 50 years old when they first took office, what fraction
were at least 60 years old?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: b6569d0e Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is correct. The sample space is restricted to the presidents who were at least 50 years old when they first
took office. Therefore, the sum of the values in the final four rows of the table, , is the total

number of presidents in the sample space. The number of presidents who were at least 60 years old is the sum of
the values in the final two rows of the table: . Thus, the fraction of the 34 presidents who were at least 50

years old when they first took office who were at least 60 years old is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the fraction of all presidents in the table who were at least 60 years old when they first
took office. Choice C is incorrect and may result from treating the number of presidents who were between 50 and 59
years old when they first took office, instead of the number of presidents who were at least 50 years old, as the
sample space. Choice D is incorrect and may result from a calculation error.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 5dc386fb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 5dc386fb
The table below shows the distribution of US states according to whether they have a state-level sales tax and a
state-level income tax.
2013 State-Level Taxes
State sales tax No state sales tax

State income tax 39 4

No state income tax 6 1

To the nearest tenth of a percent, what percent of states with a state-level sales tax
do not have a state-level income tax?

A. 6.0%

B. 12.0%

C. 13.3%

D. 14.0%

ID: 5dc386fb Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The sum of the number of states with a state-level sales tax is . Of these states, 6

don’t have a state-level income tax. Therefore, , or about 13.3%, of states with a state-level sales tax

don’t have a state-level income tax.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the number of states that have a state-level sales tax and no state-level income tax.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the percent of states that have a state-level sales tax and no state-level income tax.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the percent of states that have no state-level income tax.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID b8150b17
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: b8150b17

For a particular machine that produces beads, out of every beads it produces have a defect. A bead produced by the
machine will be selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a bead that has a defect?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: b8150b17 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It’s given that 29 out of every 100 beads that the machine produces have a defect. It follows that
29
if the machine produces 𝑘 beads, then the number of beads that have a defect is 100
𝑘, for some constant 𝑘. If a bead
produced by the machine will be selected at random, the probability of selecting a bead that has a defect is given by
29
the number of beads with a defect, 𝑘, divided by the number of beads produced by the machine, 𝑘. Therefore, the
100
29
𝑘 29
probability of selecting a bead that has a defect is 100
𝑘
, or 100
.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or computational errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or computational errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or computational errors.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 1dcea480
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 1dcea480

A bag contains a total of 60 marbles. A marble is to be chosen at random from the

bag. If the probability that a blue marble will be chosen is 0.35, how many marbles
in the bag are blue?

A. 21

B. 25

C. 35

D. 39

ID: 1dcea480 Answer

Rationale

Choice A is correct. Multiplying the number of marbles in the bag by the probability of selecting a blue marble gives
the number of blue marbles in the bag. Since the bag contains a total of 60 marbles and the probability that a blue
marble will be selected from the bag is 0.35, there are a total of blue marbles in the bag.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from subtracting 35 from 60. Choice C is incorrect. This would be the number of
blue marbles in the bag if there were a total of 100 marbles, not 60 marbles. Choice D is incorrect. This is the number
of marbles in the bag that aren’t blue.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID a3384df0
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: a3384df0

Penguin Exhibit

Type of penguin Male Female Total

Chinstrap 41 59 100

Emperor 8 27 35

Gentoo 49 54 103

Macaroni 42 40 82

Total 140 180 320

The number of penguins in a zoo exhibit, sorted by gender and type of penguin, is
shown in the table above. Which type of penguin has a female population that is

the closest to being of the total female penguin population in the exhibit?

A. Chinstrap

B. Emperor

C. Gentoo

D. Macaroni

ID: a3384df0 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It is given that there are 180 female penguins in the exhibit. Therefore, of the female

penguins is penguins. According to the table, there are 59 female chinstrap penguins, 27 female

emperor penguins, 54 female gentoo penguins, and 40 female macaroni penguins. So the female chinstrap penguin

population is the closest to 60, or of the total female population in the exhibit.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from reading data from the table incorrectly. Since the total female

penguin population is 180, of the total female penguin population is 60. The numbers of female emperor (27),

female gentoo (54), and female macaroni (40) penguins are not as close to 60 as the number of female chinstrap
penguins (59).

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 4e527894
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 4e527894

There are buttons in a bag: white buttons, orange buttons, and brown buttons. If one of these buttons is selected
at random, what is the probability of selecting a white button?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 4e527894 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It’s given that there are 20 buttons in a bag and 8 of the buttons are white. If one button from the
bag is selected at random, the probability of selecting a white button is the number of white buttons in the bag
divided by the total number of buttons in the bag. Therefore, if one button from the bag is selected at random, the
8
probability of selecting a white button is 20
.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the probability of selecting an orange button from the bag.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability of selecting a brown button from the bag.

Choice D is incorrect. This is the probability of selecting a button that isn't white from the bag.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 46b2e169
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 46b2e169

A box contains red pens and blue pens. If one of these pens is selected at random, what is the probability of selecting
a red pen? (Express your answer as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)

ID: 46b2e169 Answer

Correct Answer: .26, 13/50

Rationale

13
The correct answer is 50
. It's given that a box contains 13 red pens and 37 blue pens. If one of these pens is selected
at random, the probability of selecting a red pen is the number of red pens in the box divided by the number of red
and blue pens in the box. The number of red and blue pens in the box is 13 + 37, or 50. Since there are 13 red pens in
13
the box, it follows that the probability of selecting a red pen is 50
. Note that 13/50 and .26 are examples of ways to
enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID f8696cd8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: f8696cd8

Human Resources Accounting

Bachelor’s degree 4 3

Master’s degree 2 6

The table above shows the number of people who work in the Human Resources
and Accounting departments of a company and the highest level of education they
have completed. A person from one of these departments is to be chosen at
random. If the person chosen works in the Human Resources department, what is
the probability that the highest level of education the person completed is a
master’s degree?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: f8696cd8 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. In total, there are 6 people in the Human Resources department. Of those 6, 2 have a master’s
degree as their highest level of education. Therefore, the probability of an employee selected at random from the

Human Resources department having a master’s degree is , which simplifies to .

Choice A is incorrect; it is the probability that an employee selected at random from either department will be in the
Human Resources department and have a master’s degree. Choice C is incorrect; it is the probability that an
employee with a master’s degree selected at random will be in the Human Resources department. Choice D is
incorrect; it is the probability that an employee selected at random from either department will have a master’s
degree.
Question Difficulty: Medium
Question ID ecd09c38
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: ecd09c38
Employees working for a customer service line at an electric company recorded all the calls last Monday and
noted whether the caller asked for repairs and whether the caller asked about a bill. The results are summarized
in the table below.

Asked for Did not ask

Total
repairs for repairs

Asked
48 623 671
about a bill

Did not ask

130 90 220
about a bill

Total 178 713 891

If a caller last Monday who asked about his or her bill is selected at random, which
of the following is closest to the probability that the customer also asked for
repairs?

A. 0.05

B. 0.07

C. 0.20

D. 0.27

ID: ecd09c38 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. According to the table, a total of 671 customers asked about a bill. Of these, 48 also asked for
repairs. Therefore, if a customer who asked about a bill is selected at random, the probability that the customer also

asked for repairs is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer selected at random from all customers who called on
Monday both asked for repairs and asked about a bill. Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer
selected at random from all customers who called on Monday asked for repairs, regardless of whether or not the
customer asked about a bill. Choice D is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer selected at random from
those who asked for repairs also asked about a bill.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID e9ed719f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: e9ed719f

The table summarizes the distribution of color and shape for tiles of equal area.

Red Blue Yellow Total

Square

Pentagon

Total
If one of these tiles is selected at random, what is the probability of selecting a red tile? (Express your answer as a decimal or
fraction, not as a percent.)

ID: e9ed719f Answer

Correct Answer: .3, 3/10

Rationale

3
The correct answer is 10
. It’s given that there are a total of 100 tiles of equal area, which is the total number of
possible outcomes. According to the table, there are a total of 30 red tiles. The probability of an event occurring is
the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the total number of possible outcomes. By definition, the
30 3
probability of selecting a red tile is given by 100
, or 10
. Note that 3/10 and .3 are examples of ways to enter a correct
answer.

Question Difficulty: Medium