7/17/24, 8:03 AM SIS 2.

Basic Engine (SENR9830-61)

SMCS - 1200 i02233057

Cylinder Block And Head

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Illustration 1 g01126269
The cylinder block has seven main bearings. The main bearing caps are fastened to the cylinder
block with two bolts per each cap.

Removal of the oil pan allows access to the following components:

Crankshaft

Main bearing caps

Piston cooling jets

Oil pump

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Illustration 2 g00748989
The cylinder head is separated from the cylinder block by a nonasbestos fiber gasket with a steel
backing. Coolant flows out of the cylinder block through gasket openings and into the cylinder head.
This gasket also seals the oil supply and drain passages between the cylinder block and the
cylinder head. The air inlet ports are on the left side of the cylinder head, while the exhaust ports
are located on the right side of the cylinder head. There are two inlet valves and two exhaust valves
for each cylinder. Each set of inlet valves and each set of exhaust valves is actuated at the same
time by the use of a valve bridge. The valve bridge is actuated by the pushrod. Replaceable valve
guides are pressed into the cylinder head. The hydraulically actuated electronically controlled unit
injector is located between the four valves. Fuel is injected directly into the cylinders at very high
pressure. A pushrod valve system controls the valves.

Piston, Rings And Connecting Rods

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Illustration 3 g01126270
(1) Piston
(2) Piston cooling jet
(3) Connecting rod
High output engines with high cylinder pressures require two-piece articulated pistons. The two-
piece articulated piston consists of a forged steel crown that is connected to an aluminum skirt by
the piston pin. Refer to the Parts Manual in order to obtain information about the type of pistons that
are used in a specific engine.

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Illustration 4 g01126271
(4) Compression ring
(5) Intermediate ring
(6) Oil ring
(7) Forged steel crown
(8) Aluminum skirt

All of the rings are located above the piston pin bore. The compression ring is a Keystone ring.
Keystone rings have a tapered shape. The action of the ring in the piston groove that is tapered
helps prevent seizure of the rings. Seizure of the rings is caused by deposits of carbon. The
intermediate ring is rectangular with a sharp lower edge. The oil ring is a standard type of ring or a
conventional type of ring. Oil returns to the crankcase through holes in the oil ring groove.

Oil from the piston cooling jets sprays the underside of the pistons. The spray lubricates the pistons
and the spray cools the pistons. The spray also improves the piston's life and the spray also
improves the ring's life.

The connecting rod has a taper on the pin bore end. Two bolts hold the connecting rod cap to the
connecting rod. The connecting rod can be removed through the cylinder.

Crankshaft

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Illustration 5 g01126295
(1) Crankshaft
(2) Gear
The crankshaft converts the linear motion of the pistons into rotational motion. A vibration damper is
used at the front of the crankshaft to reduce torsional vibrations (twist on the crankshaft) that can
cause damage to the engine.

The crankshaft drives a group of gears on the front of the engine. The gear group drives the
following devices:

Oil pump

Camshaft

Hydraulic oil pump

Air compressor

Power steering pump

In addition, belt pulleys on the front of the crankshaft drive the following components:

Radiator fan

Water pump

Alternator

Refrigerant compressor

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Hydrodynamic seals are used at both ends of the crankshaft to control oil leakage. The
hydrodynamic grooves in the seal lip move lubrication oil back into the crankcase as the crankshaft
turns. The front seal is located in the front housing. The rear seal is installed in the flywheel
housing.

Illustration 6 g01137850
(3) Oil gallery
(4) Main bearings
(5) Rod bearings

Pressure oil is supplied to all main bearings through drilled holes in the webs of the cylinder block.
The oil then flows through drilled holes in the crankshaft in order to provide oil to the connecting rod
bearings. The crankshaft is held in place by seven main bearings. A thrust bearing next to the rear
main bearing controls the end play of the crankshaft.

Vibration Damper
The force from combustion in the cylinders will cause the crankshaft to twist. This is called torsional
vibration. If the vibration is too great, the crankshaft will be damaged. The vibration damper limits
the torsional vibrations to an acceptable amount in order to prevent damage to the crankshaft.

Rubber Vibration Damper (If Equipped)

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Illustration 7 g01137851
(1) Crankshaft
(2) Ring
(3) Rubber ring
(4) Hub
(5) Alignment marks
The rubber vibration damper is installed on the front of crankshaft (1). The hub (4) and ring (2) are
isolated by a rubber ring (3). The rubber vibration damper has alignment marks (5) on the hub and
the ring. These marks give an indication of the condition of the rubber vibration damper.

Viscous Vibration Damper (If Equipped)

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Illustration 8 g01137852
(1) Crankshaft
(6) Weight
(7) Case
The viscous vibration damper is installed on the front of crankshaft (1). The viscous vibration
damper has a weight (6) in a case (7). The space between the weight and the case is filled with a
viscous fluid. The weight moves in the case in order to limit the torsional vibration.

Camshaft

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Illustration 9 g00748980
The camshaft is located in the upper left side of the cylinder block. The camshaft is driven by gears
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at the front of the engine. Four bearings are pressed into the cylinder block in order to support the

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camshaft. A thrust plate is mounted between the camshaft drive gear and a shoulder of the
camshaft in order to control the end play of the camshaft.
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The camshaft is driven by an idler gear which is driven by the crankshaft gear. The camshaft rotates
in the same direction as the crankshaft. The crankshaft rotates in the counterclockwise direction
when the engine is viewed from the flywheel end of the engine. There are timing marks on the
crankshaft gear, the idler gear, and the camshaft gear in order to ensure the correct camshaft timing
to the crankshaft for proper valve operation.

As the camshaft turns, each lobe moves a lifter assembly. There are two lifter assemblies for each
cylinder. Each lifter assembly moves a pushrod. Each pushrod moves either the inlet valves or the
exhaust valves. The camshaft must be in time with the crankshaft. The relation of the camshaft
lobes to the crankshaft position causes the valves in each cylinder to operate at the correct time.

PSP-00099BE6
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i02233057
© 2024 Caterpillar Inc.

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