Modube - IC "Generel Method - eohuicuc. Divide arel Conquer Ts a top-down Rew clesigotay algorithen Hest cnstch of diving the packer Tne amellea aul gnoups. Again each sub gooup abrvielee! into Srnec gooups. Becaure Heer emubler YOURS ore eourier to Pind The. dive 4 Cone yer hechuique depends ro) Fblowrns Hoc. SAeps - © Bride. The problens rs divides! Tle member of - Seb groups. © Congques > Sead the subpovbles 11 assenclingy o@ decors order uss sd sag bd Revere) ¥ The sete list oP seb problems ave Combinest to geb He sebdieny Re the Lovesers Pre blern, Binery Seareeh * ———e @ Combine In As technique the Lek m He Rom o& endhey ine} dex Of alercoreliry ovale. mele gerere idea of by Seencha tecdanie exe S Seacch He telephene nud cee . Adephene. reckon, Prev Perse in te Weddle Pac a oy) op He buh iy He Comper eo} search elemerd wy,eee nan ee oe Poke anes Paranal thaw Stop Seomching Opher wire. Searcky “the demert name. cithey Lebb subpook of He beck o& seb parte te bok, Ms lepers of rjdbelle clrnevds.. Genered Proce 2 ALT al} = --- afk-J Ak ol ktiJaken}---» ator] oo 7 ow ope ee 1 mid)! ! 5 ' : spagh 2 Loe mea high. “The key elermenk 1 compared vor rnpelolte_ ore amide. element ook 1S ea{ust to Key elemerd than Search -elemenk ot the mniololle pesidnn, ® elie iP middie element 15 less Hows key, Hen key jdern may be Aight pool ob the shiy ® du & middle element greodkes thoy key then key then oa be lelt pert oF the stain \ \ ! u IvoNdgoo torr Browey, Search (Key, 4,9) key clened to be deol IQ ts the Lust oP elemerd- I] - number of olemert /] toeo ~ read posshes of @wery, HW hugh - te positieo Lamey bow —o : gh <9 wotale C Leo Ze high) mnrd < (tows bigh)/9_ ie (key = aLmia)) * pat" Key 1s foure| "> ele 1h C key < aLridd) hugh = mrad] eb bow big = mmrd +) end P bl while Ties Canplonitif ol Beat eer The eect core oeeees whey tHe key clemenfe Ts poser at dhe eater ef en ormeeny Ther Hee dota Nurecs ot Comvpaed sen required wi be ene. Thay time corporat by iser exily oP Binomy Sone 39 Woes} Core’. ; Bone) (0) = atherwht 4(%) #) Plime creautreed dy compe de the mrololRe clermout: 4) = AC) tray ACM) +1 460) = etc) = 9+2(%p) 4%) = 144%) = Oar+ +") = 344049) Soondenty = b+ 4(%) - isa(m) Pal alow tim = i44C%n) +>) = Trac) "e=!] ——@ren tokny deg en both erde Jog, 9! = dog i= tego pul “he value ak dn e” © 4(n) = hog » a © Apply Bro Beondy algpsithro to Seach elernend: 60 Reon sthe (10, 20,40, 40, 50, £0, 7O Bed) Sut 2) Gr Jo oo 30 4o 50 60 FO Ioeo highs 6 mrd = (hoorhigh)/» = (ore)/r = 3 rord = almrd = 4d anol key = 60 Key is greda hen mre} C Key alma) Seah tr} SD 60D boy toss words Curd) Joos mre [s)= 60 & Icery 260 ie mtd (83 = Key cthevy Beachy elemert found ob vtHe sto post tun, SOMenge Sot Meage Bak za aondlyy ctechniowue do Sotee the) Pooblew caimy she divide. anel conquer 2 dradegey , Th Hers wethed fesk aplube. te anay fdr choo Salo geoups 8. arol % wort Dp elements ip earch) peab- agen Spbih th chse gub geoups 3; ard 82 Into Sub Group? $3, $4, 85 are} & In each Sub gooups Dy clemerds . are} 30.0n, Soot tre Yad & Sab geoeps mal combing He OU. scotes| Seb gooups Inds ainghe oreaty , Gromit Reobleny abSneN (ear eiisns) (Emaar —— Sab Poob) Sab Pooblery pease Size “ly Sire My arte 7/GExample O Apply meege sorb 0, 20,30, 40,10, 50, 66 [30[2 30 40]io[s0]éo EIx|Alm/]P@] LIEMeeye ant Algoathon Tenge Sonat Ca, Loco, High) oars eel aa PC tees hag) “1 tote = (mothe) /a ; Mengesr(a, Low, Meph) Inengeseot (a wiclet, High): end UMTS, Lew, Hag; Ties Complenty of Menge -Seob! ° Rone) ten) =. 4) +4(%)2D atheawr_ tev) = 10%) +9) +N oad 240%) + = 2 [oe (%)+2] tm * 4 Let(H)+ Dan 2 + %e)+ an 2 =o" +2]ron ie +) =ah(% ed a Nn {l 3° s)+ 2a ton = 21(2 80 — oedt) = ony (3) an z ot S-)sin anidted eonclifved +61) =0, ID ttn) = na(%)29 = nxt 4s) SJ myo t 3 to) =n ———{D =n “folky log 00 betp ene i tog, = Lagar i= dog patio eat” D tc) = lego reo) = © (may) 30 Gert care, Worrbeare onel avenge cone, tne Compleatty ts "D bey Geserp) ©5,2,46,1,5, 2,4 @ as, 24, 63, 45, 17, 31, 96,50 @232,9.3415,4Qure deb! © On sths Aype oP aerdinay slechnrquc Presb Prod the peo Rect positrons oP key clemeuk thary split a tnd teoo sub peat) theef 15 JeLP ger aol ety pot. Faample AL OO AT2I-- - ORI ATRIALKHI-- 400d —— rn a Lele port Ke, Right feet ® Lele peek af the adomg ts dees thar eR.cotusd do the key element HloT ALI - + ~ ALK-T < ALKI ® Rybr port & the atoy is grenke ther oR equa) +b key eden ods. Arka ofk+99 --- -- 8€017 > ACKI Again some poco apply te tellt pook ano} Repl poo ob the sonny. Algarthm Qurek—se( A, lee, Hy) 71 Las 15 Prask positteo arel High 1s loot posrbsn ePacom RC baw hgh) ke— portitivn Car, Low, high?)® 5 2 re Sort 5, 2,1,9, 9, 0 4 ® Apply @urele Given Sting } Be oe % 5 eau bes “t ee then s lees 3 1 4 8 2 83 ¥ a a 13 re S 3 | 4 2 g 4 7 AG 2 3 so 4 £§ g 3 x - - AAG 8 9 Ff 5 2 ee 2 1 3 4 5 pad 8 7 \ eed J D 5 a keg 3 4 1g k>9© Opry Gusek’ Sook G5, 7, 76 oO 2 3 4 6s ao Fs 80 8s —_—-, FF gs as so OS Ga 4c. SO ss Ss es &s sd S560 ee a 60 &S 0 ss 6S" 6 &s FO KS key ST 4s sm 6 ss 4s sp ke3 so bs ow 4s 3 be keliw,Beat Care time Camplenity ot Qurek Sob Ty ths ee ie the key clemenk is preetotthey perfest position of the sizing arel adatea Fe olricirey que} choo pacts. soe} 0 it =) HM) +H) 2 othnwrse, aS % Va % My "ey tt) = 2405") + DH +m) = o9(%)o& = [+z] = ot(H) +99 H%) = o+(2 +2 =] |o4(3)* 2 + On = Pt (2:)+ Bn = 2 (Ge) + 40 AC) = oia(B) ritom aml 20) 20 4(9) = of 40D) 20 = oft tin den) = 8 | ———_@ ge) “hoking tes _o9 both erde Log.2! = doaat) L= bog,o put veluc of J in eo” © t€r) = 9. Loan time complaihy of Berk eoxc ans) ewerage Case ie |ten) = Cn Jogn’) —Ty Hes ease the ghen anay ove 77 ascending Order. “the Orrray 18 liviclusles) indo hea ports. one of thew Ys empty, Examphe * 10 90, 80, 4o 50 Cel /~ 40) “f° ey TO) + 4(r-N)a 1m otherwise Ato) = demijen = (0-2) 4400-1) 2 1 = t(n3)4 te2) + tln-1} +1 ten) = HO) rt oyae- 4d (2) 49Cm1) 41 ten) = oon) ~ 9 a ten) = ot ctine, Compleniby ot Qurck Serb ty Wee) Case re Rent)WWso sens Madoix, Muthpbret ior Let Bard B be hoo Nm rredeix The product ck deo medi ts € Cie Ce A» 8). The mubtiplicediy io the fam db it aow of B are} 32” columo & ® Lang Fallon, fermulu. CCi5) =F ALR) BIAS) Tekin “The madete. Nand B me pondidreneol two Jour Zqusre. Sulo madrices, each sul madara fein dimentions % %%. Then he produch 8B eon be Compete o) bg wae ste ferbnoira prmenss. " Aw Bu Bio} _ Cn Oy Aa Ao By Bop GQ, Cor Gy = An Bn + Aira Boy Cio = Air Rie t A Bar Coy = An Bn + Aor Bo) e Cor = Any Bn + Ase Bro 1f 0= 9 the Heomale © 1s compaded . Jn Ads ea ® wwe need co pester Brault pred PO are) Ros adele of Y% m% madoin .= core. a Leacn) one cas) ry We Nee, . ina amnetipt Bet uss Sfrassen's mode 4 ae feomulorr , Ps CAn + Ase) (8+ Bex) Q= (Pa 7 Aor) Bn R= Dn (Bi.- Bos) i So Aor (Ba) ~Bn) T=(An tAn) Bor Y= (As.~ Au) (81+ Bn) V= CA- Hox) ( Ro + Boo) Cn= Pr3—-T+V Cin = R+T oo Coy — @ tS @ Cr = P#R-@Q+U Th sloosers medtoix mublipliced iter we bee Yo compute, using formuters ®) aro) BD, tore wre Meee) to Compale F multiplreced joo an) 18 adels rhery OR Substonedi'on . eye} if =+(m)= F40%) Awl’) = 7.4( 96) ois (%) = a4 (%p) = 7274p) = yh 4%) 10 = 490%") pabs olan 4e= 40%) Hl) ttn) = 7! ate o cbhirg log_en bot aha lags e! = §og. i= Leg.) Formula ten) = 7 te) hee plas tem = ni? ten) = Fem = Ol mre) | Time ConleyExample 2 [! i}, e.[4 ’ P= (Ant fos) ( Bt Bor) = Cite) Cat) = 2S @= (Asit Bor) By = (atg)a4 = 28 R= Aun (Biz =Bor) = 19C 3-1) =D S= An (@.)- Bu) = 4w(2-4)=-¢ T= (Ant Bis) Bor = (ite )al =8 D= (far An) (Bn Br) = (3-1) Cars) =1h Ve ( An +22) ( Bay Bor)= (2-4) (941) =-¢ » ABH=C “fo a] Cy Cy Cn = P+8-Taye 254 (-8)-3466) 9 Cr= R4+T = 0403265 Co = @ +S = 28-8 =o, a PTR @HD = 0849-8414 = 1g ofa Ue Ma eg19 * Dsing duvide avd conquer methed, mebtiply the fablowirg shoo motoices with the help of 84 anusen's modeix multiplied. Po2tl//o rot G41 10ff/o 1 04 o 1 30//2 o11 so a2ijl! 3 50 Sor q yy ) lr A= jy ali at “ 3 0 lo a) ay-{% ! ,A -[ ] [> lb i - [° 0 3 | let Be fe (An t oo) (But es) (at ‘MELE “JG f Nc) HED it tt @= Cato iy e ({! Ss = jz I? ]= (As, An) (Birt Bn) = (1 Nl HE |) “Pale d= [h4)—~ — = oF, Len + = Cara C a > a lo aaa — v0 aS 7 ° | ay wo 2& wo fees aT ag a $= mo I nN a — os nH Oo ao Ae) leap ' Ta) eo qa o- -o > = = ~~ ao xo 0 + 7 =) (ol F + = Hs + ¢o9 FP jure + - wl, ce = b fop mn Tw ! RR gq 85 FT gore ba t <9 tga Yee w oS wv LL on N i} 7 | u fn © 1 a Te eh ° = 7 y i 8) a SCz Cy Cin Coy Cor It uy of OF _ 4 3 ‘Gi 4 I 7 @ 1 2 =e =——=s a B Darog divide arel conquer method maldiply te Fableoiry shoo medowes voit the hebp ok Lfrarscen's mespoie Yet tplteed vo Pz 4699, Fo, lo 6300 3 2 47 A= 48,76, 67,95- R2 20,44, 16,40 b= 4 326 B-|2 7 To B= 2011, 35,49 7 814 3.59 023 T? 16, 20, 18,27 393 46 7 7 6 2] b> 84,28, 39,5% 38, 39, V2 ~21,-26-m-55 Cn 38,34, 66,77. ena 30,65 34,63, x Cor= 68,87 1091134) Core 52, 128, Bb, 124 !o2oyte)jo roe | 7 ! Po Ul, 22, 7,24 4 4 0 ol 5 B= bsne | Be 4-646 Cr 44 my se ,ooa | \ ol 2 o | OD o (=O Re 6,-S, 3,-9 Vv ’ 2 6,0, 18,20 a) = 3= 1,0,-9,2 pO, US, oo, Ione 21) T= 4,14, 430 : ‘ Cn 88,1912 r= 3623 “Tope log ico Seating “Tope logices) Seng ts bevesl ex the poineiple of DAG, speeiic cadeniy « vowtte2s Ts possible. Thr mettud of arranging the werttess Tp Same apecitre monnes ts Codtes| Lopologre Seating . Topobegice) seating ts dyyicles| tte doo sypes © DRS - Rases} Algos thm © Source Remove) Alani. @ Des bereal Algonthyy @ Seleot any ovrloitoeny Vortec. ® when a yeoter ts vietbeo| fea the Pret tyne. ibrs pushes) on de the stack. ® (when a wreeter becomes a dleao} end. vw syemeves} fourm Hy &dack, ®D Repeat sdep2 to 2 Ke al) He wottees tn the geoph: © Reverse.tne eveler of dleletect items, h geb the topo logice.) Sequence Exompke OD Apply the DFS boreel ayer ths Ay sel “the dope degree Servding pooklen Oe the: oeStoel, aadyecency Nedewvisited Pop a = Qa . 2) ab b a,b - 8) Abe e abe - AS a be . G,b,e e Sab , 3 Gb, e,4 : a,b, 9 £ abet g - Dar g,F : a,b,e,44, F 9a, bg . abeh g, g @) a,b a ab € f, 9 b loa e. a, b,cekag : Nac : a,b,c. e, A ce Da . a,b, ee, 9, 18) a a,b,e,defha — la) d = abc, deta, dA Prope Sane anee. Batters todop te - ~this shiny rs eodled ov topelog reo.) slove asSs @ Souce Rome) Sports b ° ® Fore 4 apie gop find a werter cot no » Meemm’ calger. ewe] delele it allergy corto al oO mf edly o» Peer ik. He. & UB there one nwt thon one such veadrees then break the rrardenby, ® Note the vertrees thel are deleted. ® ABU the oleleteol veodreey pene Oo] the_ tepelegica) reatea Dik Exomnple @O Rpply Bouece wemorel olgouthn 42 Ssehe logteed) Seating) poo laters fey the, lee goaph.da.c,b.g,F doc, @F.e topalegres Seoleal bist 4,¢,0,9,4, @ . aloF ® Sea} the. digzaph Rea dopalog reo] 800} using Source Bamere) olgermton. (°) B.A. D B.A dek BA, 2.6 BA, D.C Aopelegteod) aordieg dnb BA, D, o,€\ Adv ex are) Disaolva 23 of Diviele & ere \ Advantages O The artbreedt peoblers Ys plates} who subgroups . ard cook Selo -gooups ts salves) irolependerdly, Thrs appreach ts urefu) fer sebigy the dilhent Pr bem, ® Dwide avel Conquer faratétaber the. krscorery oh ebrerent odgearthros By example quick Seok, Merge cab ava aleassen's mecoix mulyiplreos] in Dis asbrantages © Longe. mumber of sabres ore creaded) ana) gece to be proveriecl, @ onde are Conjuor algenrthey makes ure af Teosive methods arel the weeensien 1S eben anal. Complear . * Finding tthe Maximum ard Minimaro'- “The problem rs do Pind the menimeny ane) mmimern ems ina seb ok 9 clenents. Thes we peojire. dolel Crt) Comparten do obgery minimum yedoe . Similooly we an oltedy the moximum yelue. Prem an array A {n-1 Comperrser),Algaothny Moxmin (a, 1D, ove, mis) Waits Bley onvoy ard MTs ane daray , 1) 0% *s menimum velue_ J] iQ 18 MioimuTD Velue. max<— alo]} mm <— ale]: fen T=) +e m-+1 ao 1 18 Cali] > max) roate a (43) 3 12 Capays m9) t minal 3° 5 era feo- » Pinel mardmun aro) minimary vedic Celemed) Faor List ob Ts 50, 40,-5,-9,45, 90,65, 8, #F Ark Contour eo Reauorive. dree, Soi? tooo S 4 S ¢ 67 es 9 50, ho -S, -9 4S 9° 65 oO FS oleh Given Lb ts aptikeol to Awe sabgecups Sw group as Ss & 7 & 3 So 4o -Ss -3 45 90 6S 2 FTsiep — Geoup are! Group SON SP “\ es 4 c 4 7 _ |. 3 4&5 3D 6S ue HE Uw a 50_4e -§ 2 Gs Gy &s Ge Sep? Group 2 agaio aptiteal nko chee Seaogeeps: 1 2 5 boc a e 7 50 40-5 -y Ag ees Be Se q Gy Gy, Ge Gy . 4 frp — gee Ge torn =4e K mox +5 (TERTR]p gtep Garry Cealorce. group G mry=-S A man e- [3,-5-s)o Steel Combine @ 6&6, mar = 5d min =-S [1 3, 50,-5 lo Skept Raw qeep Gy mows bo Amine-g [1s 45-3]omons 50, mir 2 1,6,5% 2 J@ BlE2 Combine elernert cin a7 + ynee> 92, mine 6S combine. clened 01” gs"? mone FS Km = [as le Coubone clement ay do a pan = 90,min = WT poe ieee Right sebgoouP ee ert qoour man = 99, mI +" 9 1 lg [v3.22 95= C emer atten) = PO > W toh) 90) 7B deo) = 290%) BP Arf.) = 9CYe)tr = shy eal* 4 = Blips 4 , S = PTE» Fine} MMIMUND aye) Mantmuns Pepin tHe Sab = 6 VV 22ND, 5, -B, IS, 60, 17,31, 4H A construct Codd Rewy Stray. spiel iwh chee poots: ' 2d s Ue é 7 g 9% 1% -S -B IS 60 * eS oe Ce LDF pent aval Atght post aplkeol into Zeb group t L 4 ko 6 1 s 5 Oe ee CC ea Ce ee Spbekeo] Into Selb gaoups \ 2 3 Ze 1s 4S" re "oe [ae ly [us, m1,-8 |e 6.3, 60,14 | [ug 22-5 le as, Ist a [ew.cer] [esta ®@_Atsignnest TE \ O Encplodo Browey Seonely are} write Olgoathro. QQ Poove. tome Compleres & Brreroy Search 18 doy ® Shed dime eomplems of Meage seat rts nloyn @ Apety menge seb @ 0, 20, 20, Ho, 10, 56, £0 ® ExAmPLE © QUESTION © Eeptero Quack goat ane} fine) sme complorsby OCosege) © Bprby Burk seo algenstinn aire aonstrest ent} Reoornve sree @ 5.4, ono ey ® Example © QuLcKSORT C) Explain sigoaen's madaix mulled ion wort sim > @ mablipty mab uainy S4xaHen'S mech? mubhpbed oe@ What ts topologteed Seeding 4 © Apply the DFS horea) algsertino to solve dhe rtopologicad) send ine problem eo ‘he fadtosorey get @ © ® Fnebo Mardi mur ave) mioimury Vellat. Prony Y of onroy tarot Consdraad- podle Reasrive doee_ @ 50,0 -5,-9,48, 30,65, 98, #S © 22, 18, =) 8 I 60, 4, 31, AF