~

↓
Borrow pit A
after
X to the
gettingLOSTthe ans.
.

5000 cu VA
M
Va 541 176 ( 4, 516 176 08
.

= = =
.

= .
. m ,
8 7
1 + . 1 + 0 85 .

Borrow PH B

4 , 358823 44
= 294crm =
1 5735
.

= .

10 7 .

Borrow Pit C

0007 = 4 , 447 039 12

10 6176 471
= .

= m
,
=
.

END OF SET 1
 &
-Sar
E
-
sand Usand will go down
- value
com sand come method
- to determine ten relative compaction

18 Moist Unit W initial mass

O
*
Determine the volume of this hole
R =

max

Volume ?
.

Final mast
m 833(a81000)
2
Msand 5 912-2 378 YM hole !
-

327KN/m3-ans a
.

7
= .

= for s
. .
= = ·

Chole + cone)
=
3 .

534kg Unit Wt
the
since we know
density 19
. Compute the dry .

p = Ya =

= 07
=
16 . 193/N/m3

V = = 20
.
Compute the relative compaction
density ~ 1300
718 X 103
R = = = 0 8520 85 %
.
2 .

CHOle =
2 .
max

Holef come Choletcone)

Whole = 2 .
718X103 -

114X183 m
1 .

604X 10-3 com

>
= 1 -
 analysis
E
* Sieve
commulative mass retain
get the

de
*
en
Mass
Minus
site
a4

↑
D10 Dio Dso and DGo
Find the effective particle size thru interpolation
=
4 21

e
156 ,
.
.

10 1 2
ANS D1 0 16
Solving for Dio :
·
. .

=
.
.

78 2 .

M
1 .
4
! 22
. Uniform coefficient D6 [
D3 [
760 %

Duo/Dio
JBOY
NO Cu =
=

17 9
-
D10 = 0 .
159
Dio [ 10%

21 Determine the 2 31/0 16

effective particle size = Solve D30
.
.
.
for
Mode 3-4 (1nX)
Determine the Uniform Coefficient 14 44 Diameter-X -percent
=
22
. .

23 .
Find the coefficient curve 23 Find the
coficient curve 0 84
.

0 42
34
22

==0=
.

APPS > 30x 0 667

steps
-
=
.

of soil retained
Mass For D60
get the sum
-

Get the
Percentage Passing D60 2 31)
- =
.

-
calculate interms
Percent
of
-

100-100 Percentage Passing =

Calc
↓
=

100 -

X 100 =

ANS -

# X00
60
= Calc

Cac until
pan to Zero
CMR-commulative Mass Retain Graph
-wellgraded
PSD curve =

Grading of soil
-

poorly graded passing

of -

nature Well graded SOLLA

-

Uniform graded - so yo-capgraded Particle Dia

GEOTECH I
-

consistency of Soil-Atterber Limits

-classification
100%%
Liquid When: i
Solid
Semia
Plastic S =

constants
er
=

·.
>W

Only applicable for fine grained soils.

W =
0 SL PL LL
S=100% - S = 100 %

Alterberg limits-values
of moisture content,
LL PL SL
, ,

, Shrinkage Limit- The water content where futher loss

!-i i
·

CA) Sample soil of moisture will not result in

any
-

more volume reduction .

w = Mi M2
(100%)
-

W = CV-V2(100) M2

[ -VL (10%)
SL =

-
 SL =

[M
S
D
.
-

M2
M2
-
Vi-Va
2
(Pw)]100
> Pag
-
% N
gaming &

24 6 15
44 30
9()]100%
- -

.
.

-
-

=
30 30
= 17 667
.

C .
Void Ratio
100e
1000 I
=
Im
SL =

Je
=

W6s Es
sl = N
= > 100 %
17667 = e
= 0 500
.

ES 2 .
83

i
DryUnit
3 .

=
19 81)
.

= 18 .
508KN/ms
1 + 0 500 .
 For65 s x = A w

2 .

Specific Gravity of solid

Msoil
6s =

Monterful-Mwater Stop ofsol)

980 538
2 447
-

=
= .

(360 330)
-B
V -
-

1840 -

480)
ison
1840-980
980 -
330 =

4501560- 530 -

Unt GsYw
.
6 Wt .
solid =

=
2 647 (9
.
.

81) =
25 .

968kN/m3
G .
St If the Shrinkage Ratio Is 1 83
.

To
Pw not
always I
=

=
SF 1 -
86n
 Determination of Liquid Limit Determination of PL

Hands- Casagrande Cup apparatus

&
- The PL is defined as
the MC in percent,

Fall come method 8 at Cul the Son crumbles

,
When rolled

diameter
I Growingtool into threads
of 3 2mm.
in

to theto
/
separatetool
Grooving Semi-
Plastic
Separate the spoil
sail
2 . solid
-

Y2 inch
Brittlet
PL

MC-MassorWeigh An
e
Volume-
 Solid Semi-Plastic Liquid
solid LK I
OLKI
LI < O
01 (10
C17 I
W

L PN- PL

W =
0 SL PL - L

#I

P1 Index (PD)
LL-PL-
Plasticity the content
=
is
range of water over

Who the soil remains plastic

L =
W-PL LIQUIDITY Many is a parameter used to define the

consistency
Ll PL
of grained soil of
-

V
a
gine
Pl
respect to LL and PL

Cl LL-W consistency Index Wh is also called Relative Consistency

L1-p/typo
=

OLD
indicates te
consistency of soil that is

(1 =
Correct
Firmness of a soil .
We represent consistency
PL
index by 12 and it is defined as

( + 21 1 the ratio
=
of the difference bla
the Liquid limit and the natural

water content of the soll of its plasticity Index.

 N =
257
= 25%
[ J No Water
Blows content

43 21
.

PLASTIC Limit

Pl = [
Mw-Md 21 19 18 78 0 2270 22 78%
-

or
. .

= - = .
.

Md 18 78-8 20
.
.

↓
Wt .

of Container
natural water content 3%
9
4l
is
.

I LL-PL
38
43 29
-

22

-
.

78
-
22 78
-
= 0 . 742
I Plastic
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLL
in general there are two
major categories
into wi the classification systems developed in the
past can be grouped.
The textural based the
-

classification is on
particles-size
distribution of the sand silt and clay-size fractions
,

present in given soil.

Textural classification US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
system by
-

The other
major category is based the
on
engineering
behavior of soil and talLes into consideration the particle size

distribution and the plasticity.

Lie ., L and PI
AASHTO classification system
-

Unified Classification system (USCS)

Primary components Secondary Options

USCS-DividedInto 2
majorcategories G-Gravel M-Silty
↓ course Grained soll-Gravels and Sand S-sank C-clayey
2
. Fine Grained
Joil -

Silts and Cays M-Sil -Poorly Graded

W Well Graded
C-clay
-

L- LowPlasticity y LL = 50 %
O-Organic (Sildays)
H-High plasticity
GRAIN SHE DISTRIBUTION =
4 75M
.
0 . 075M

COURSE FRACTION : It should be retained on no 200 Sieve

Gravel-Retained on No 4 sieve
.

and-Passed No 4 Sieve but retained

. on
no 200
. give
Fine Fraction- Passed on No 200 sieve .

sands Gravels
more than 50
% course 50 % or more coarse
passes No 4 Sieve retained 4 silve
fraction .

fraction on

x =
% Retained Gravel
% Retained Course Fraction
Retained Soil Gravel
Value
= -
to
classify if or
 -
determine the classification
Y course
Fine or
Lanat ng na retain 200 course grained
classificationnongmasmaram , Sandor
- check if Kung Granthe

USS Method passed fine grain %

more than 50
-

SI 4
.

dapat may pass

a 288-remembe tu boundaries m plasticity Chart
SLEVE SOIL A retained criteria

100-Eto
↑ 60 X = JOIL B

200 30 -
Low

L 33
=
- -
CL
PI 12 100-3j
> 12 >12 = 0 .

571 retained SOIL C

R = 100 P
-

>7
100-30
-
30712
CL =

= stil
70 %? -
Atine
(ReA
-

Classification is GC

H
PLASTICITY
L Plastinty Chart
USDA Method
This
classification method is based on
the particle size limits
as described under the USDA Method

Gravel : Greater than 2 mm size

Sand : Imm to 0: 05mm gran size

Silt : 0 05mm to 0 002mm grain size

.
.

: Less than 0 002mm Intersection ng 3 after magline

day .
size
grain

SI . 5
↓
.
%

Gravel 100 % 100 %

M 100 % 0
%
-
= = =

% Sand = 2 mm- % 0 .
05mm = 100 % -
60 % = 40%

% Si =1. 0 002mm- % 0 002mm

.
.
= 60 % -
15 % = 43%

%
Clay
=% 0 .
002mm-0 % =
1% - 0% =
100 %

15 .
Ac =

P % day
= 27
USDA Method (w/ Gravel)
Distribute the percent gravel into the sand ,silt and clay :
% Sand = % Sana +%. Grand sard
(m)
100
% -

% Gravel

=
sand (100 % %Gravel -

and
100
% Gravel
% Sand (100% )
Sand(mod)
= .

100 % -

% Gravel
it (100% )
Silt(mod =

100 % oravel

% (100% )
Claymod =
.

Clay
100%%Gravel

20 % Gravel
For ex .

, ,
10 % sand 30 % sit and 40 %
Clay
AASHTO Method

Acdg .
to this
system , soil is classified into seven major SI . 6 FROM LEFT TO RIGHT

groups : A I through
-
-7
735 235

F200

- -

Step-SOIL A
x =
A+ b -

(0)
o
Rules when it comes to Group Index S A-2-6-7A-2-7 PARTAL O
Step 2
-

Get the 61 =

61 =
(F100 35) (0 005LL) + 0 01 (F200 15) (P1-10)
-

.
.
-

SOIL B

S&Pl Sil 36 Min CLASSIFICATION =

A 7
-

Step 2 -

Get Pl = LL-PL
A 7 6
32 70
1
-
-

= -

(86 33[0 003 (0)] + 0 01 (86 13) (32 10) 33 47

=
61
- -
-

= .
.
.

JolL ( =
A - 2-4

Glpartial = 0 .
61 (34-15) (18-10)
= 1 .
52/2
Set 3 #1 2
,

FLOW WATER thro SOIL

Law : Vxi Laboratory HydraulicConductivity

Darcys Area
of soil
test for

V = ki Flow rate , > ↑ specimen A =

1 Constant Head
.
test :
Y
Where I L I
1 1 . .
Head Difference (h) is constant Q kit
=

=A
V =
Discharge Voloaty
-
it is superficial
-the
Area of Void un 1 2
.
. Hydraulic gradient (i) is constant
= o -

forconstantthe
Hydraulic Conductivity 1 3 Discharge (Q) constant

&
k= cross section . . Is

p ermeabili Falling Head Test :

-officient
Area soil
e
o f OF .
2
solids The
in Cross
Head Difference (h) a =

Q2A
varying
is
Section-A;
Discharge Seepage Velocity :
Hydraulic gradient (i) varying O

atatis
dS
is

Q AV =
kiA Q1 Q2 - AV ArVs
Discharge (Q)
= = =

varying
is
ch
Where = (E) y /VOH
-
-

VS n4
=
=

A Cross Sectional area

of t
= Inh
=

the sail perpendicular Us =

↑

n
to the direction
of flow where : It =
in
o in
Vs =
Seepage Velocity
=
Porosity
SI .
I

Find the
discharge
=
2
1
.

V = Ki

V = 0 4
.

(3) = 0 .

/mm
24(15)
=

10(307(3) .
3 Compute the Sepage Velocity
If the e = 0 64 .

= 0 .

4 cm/min

n
=

64 390
= 0 .

1+0 . 6p
2 : 051m n
a
V +
=

x = =
 #204
SI 2 ,

elvation
i Dh-Difference
= in
-

1= 10 27 (20) In (0)
768x10" Cm/SOL
.

= G .

(60)
#(4)
5 . Solve for the i after 60se.
2
i =

1 =
=

In the
soil after 60 sec
Compute the rate of the flow of water
6 .

Q = KiA

= 6 758x10 -
. ↑(2) (E) (4 = 0 .

017cm3/s