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MODULE I: System Software and Its Functions M1.01 Explain Software, System Software and Application Software. Software

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32 views5 pages

MODULE I: System Software and Its Functions M1.01 Explain Software, System Software and Application Software. Software

Uploaded by

vishnu.vkannan0908
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OPERATING SYSTEM

MODULE I: System software and its functions


M1.01 Explain software, system software and application software.
Software
Software is a collection of programs used to operate computer and execute specific task.
Software is of two types
➢ System software
➢ Application software
Application software
Application software are set of programs to developed by programmers to perform
different activities.
Eg. Browsers, word, excel, games etc.
These are usually written in high level language such as python, java and c++.
The application software can be further divided in to two types
i)General purpose application software
ii)Customized software
System software
➢ System software provides the interface between the hardware and the end
users.
➢ It includes the collection programs that are dedicated to managing the
computer itself, such as the operating system, file management utilities, and
disk operating system (or DOS).

Examples of system software include:


• Operating systems (OS): Windows, Linux, macOS, etc.
• Device drivers: software that enables the communication between hardware and
OS.
• Firmware: pre-installed low-level software that controls a device’s basic functions.
• Utility software: tools for system maintenance and optimization.
• Boot loaders: software that initializes the OS during startup.

Difference between system software and application software


System Software Application Software
System software is used for operating Application software is used by user to
computer hardware perform specific task.
System software are installed on the computer Application software are installed according
when operating system is installed. to user’s requirements
In general, the user does not interact with In general user interact with application
system software. software
System software can run independently on Application software cannot run without the
application software presence of system software
For e.g., windows, Linux, mac Word, excel, PowerPoint

M1.02 Explain System software-assembler, compiler, interpreter, loader and operating


system with examples and its functions.
Assembler
➢ The Assembler is a Software that converts an assembly language code to machine code.
➢ An assembly language is a low-level language.
➢ It gives instructions to the processors for different tasks.
➢ It is specific for any processor.
➢ The machine language only consists of 0s and 1s therefore, it is difficult to write a program in
it.
➢ An assembler is responsible for translating the programs written in the mnemonic
assembler language into executable form. These mnemonics are frequently used in
assembly programming as they reduce the chances of making an error.
Example. GAS , GNU Assembler MASM ,Microsoft Macro Assembler NASM , Netwide
Assembler

Function:
1. Convert mnemonic operation codes to their machine language equivalents
2. Convert symbolic operands to their equivalent machine addresses.
3. Build the machine instructions in the proper format.
4. Convert the data constants to internal machine representations
5. Write the object program and the assembly listing
Types of Assemblers

1. One-Pass Assembler

These assemblers perform the whole conversion of assembly code to machine code in one go.

2. Multi-Pass/Two-Pass Assembler

These assemblers first process the assembly code and store values in the opcode table and symbol
table. And then in the second step, they generate the machine code using these tables.

Compiler
A compiler is a special program that translates a programming language's source code into
machine code. The source code is typically written in a high-level, human-readable language
such as Java ,c , C++.

Functions
▪ Compiler is used to convert one form of program to another
▪ A compiler should convert the source program to a target machine code in such a way
that the generated target code should be easy to understand
▪ Compiler should preserve the meaning of source code
▪ Compiler should report errors that occur during compilation process
▪ The compilation must be done efficiently

Interpreter
An Interpreter is a program that translates a programming language into a
comprehensible language. The interpreter converts high-level language to an intermediate
language. It contains pre-compiled code, source code, etc. Examples of interpreted languages
are Perl, Python and Matlab

Function
• It works line by line on a code.
• It converts High level language to machine language.
• It translates only one statement of the program at a time.

Difference between compiler and interpreter

Loader

A loader is a system program, which takes the object code of a program as input and
prepares it for execution.
1. Source program: This is a program written in a high-level programming language
that needs to be executed.
2. Translator: This component, such as a compiler or interpreter, converts the source
program into an object program.
3. Object program: This is the program in a machine-readable form, usually in
binary, that contains both the instructions and data of the program.
4. Executable object code: This is the object program that has been processed by the
loader and is ready to be executed.

Functions:
1. Allocation - The loader determines and allocates the required memory space for the program
to execute properly.
2. Linking -- The loader analyses and resolve the symbolic references made in the object
modules.
3. Relocation - The loader maps and relocates the address references to correspond to the newly
allocated memory space during execution.
4. Loading - The loader actually loads the machine code corresponding to the object modules
into the allocated memory space and makes the program ready to execute.

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