INTR O DUCTIO N
In order to place this study in proper context, the following is an overview In all cases, however, these elements and systems should be interrelated
of the basic elements, systems, and orders that constitute a work of to form an integrated whole having a unifying or coherent structure.
architecture. All of these constituents can be perceived and experienced. Some Architectural order is created when the organization of parts makes visible
may be readily apparent while others are more obscure to our intellect and their relationships to each other and the structure as a whole. When these
senses. Some may dominate while others play a secondary role in a building’s relationships are perceived as mutually reinforcing and contributing to the
organization. Some may convey images and meaning while others serve as singular nature of the whole, then a conceptual order exists—an order that
qualifiers or modifiers of these messages. may well be more enduring than transient perceptual visions.
Architectural Systems
The Architecture of Space • organizational pattern, relationships, clarity, hierarchy
Structure • formal image and spatial definition
Enclosure • qualities of shape, color, texture, scale, proportion
• qualities of surfaces, edges, and openings
Experienced through Movement in • approach and entry
Space-Time • path configuration and access
• sequence of spaces
• light, view, touch, hearing, and smell
Achieved by means of Technology • structure and enclosure
• environmental protection and comfort
• health, safety, and welfare
• durability and sustainability
Accommodating a Program • user requirements, needs, aspirations
• sociocultural factors
• economic factors
• legal constraints
• historical tradition and precedents
Compatible with its Context • site and environment
• climate: sun, wind, temperature, precipitation
• geography: soils, topography, vegetation, water
• sensory and cultural characteristics of the place
X / A R C H ITE C TU R E : F O R M , S PA C E , & O R D E R
