MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE

Capacity regulators (hot gas bypass)

Type PMC and CVC

Technical brochure
Technical brochure Capacity regulators (hot gas bypass), type PMC and CVC

Contents Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ordering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Hot gas capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Design/Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Dimensions and weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2 DKRCI.PD.HM0.A2.02 / 520H35369  Danfoss A/S (IR/MWA), 04-2010

Technical brochure Capacity regulators (hot gas bypass), type PMC and CVC

Introduction

The PMC and CVC is used for capacity regulation The function of the capacity regulator is to
in refrigeration, freezing and air conditioning match the fixed output of the compressor and
plant for ammonia and fluorinated refrigerants. the varying load on the system. This function is
The PMC is a servo-operated regulator with obtained when the PMC and CVC is installed in a
screwed-on pilot valves. bypass line between the discharge and suction
sides of the compressor.
PMC and CVC can be used in all types of If the load on the evaporator, and with it the load
refrigeration plant: on the compressor, falls, an "artificial" load in the
With direct expansion form of hot gas from the high pressure side of
the compressor is applied to the evaporator or
With pump recirculation compressor.
With natural circulation

Features Accurate regulation High flexibility

High capacity and operating range Screw in pilot
Independent of condensing pressure Simple adjustment and build-up
variations

Materials Gaskets are non-asbestos Valve body

EN-GJS-400-18-LT

Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) PMC and CVC valves

The PMC and CVC valves are approved in Nominal bore DN ≤ 25 (1 in.)
accordance with the European standard specified Classified for Fluid group I
in the Pressure Equipment Directive and are CE
Category Article 3, paragraph 3
marked. For further details / restrictions - see
Installation Instruction.

Technical data Opening diff. Temperature Max. working Max.

pressure of medium pressure test pressure
Type Refrigerants 1) P-band
PS 2) p'
Dp bar °C bar bar
R22 With
PMC 1 and PMC 3 R134a built-on CVC: –50 → +120 28 42.0
R404A Approx. 0.2 bar
CVC R717 (NH3) –50 → +120 17/28 26.5/42.0
R12
a.c.: 10W R502 a.c.: 0 → 21
EVM –50 → +120 35 46.0
d.c.: 20W ect. d.c.: 0 → 14
1
) In addition to the refrigerants specified, other fluorinated refrigerants can be used within the pressure or temperature range of
the valves.
2) Max. working and test pressures refers to the high pressure side connection (PS: 28 and p': 42 bar) and reference pressure

(PS: 17 and p': 26.5 bar) which must be connected to the low pressure side of the system.

 Danfoss A/S (IR/MWA), 04-2010 DKRCI.PD.HM0.A2.02 / 520H3536 3

Technical brochure Capacity regulators (hot gas bypass), type PMC and CVC

Ordering PMC main valves

PMC 1 PMC 3

Size EN-GJS-400-18-LT EN-GJS-400-18-LT

PMC 5 027F3045 027F3049
PMC 8 027F3046 027F3050
PMC 12 027F3047 027F3051
PMC 20 027F3048 027F3052

Rated replacement capacity in kW kv value

Valve size
R22 R134a R404A R12 R502 R717 m3/h1
PMC 5 36 19 36 20 34 96 1.7
PMC 8 67 35 65 37 61 179 3.2
PMC 12 82 47 88 51 83 244 4.2
PMC 20 140 74 136 78 130 367 6.5
1 ) The kv value is the water flow in m3/h at a pressure drop across the valve of 1 bar (ρ = 1000 kg/m3).

The code nos. stated apply to main valve type The rated capacity is given for
PMC incl. flange gaskets and bolts. an evaporating temperature of te = −10°C,
a condensing temperature of tc = +32°C and
an offset (= suction temperature reduction ∆ts)
of 4 K.
Pilot valves
Description Range Code no.

Pilot valve type CVC −0.45 bar → 7 bar 027B1070 1)

4 bar → 28 bar 027B0087
NC 027B1120 2)
Pilot valve type EVM
NO 027B1130 2)
1
) The code no. stated apply to pilot valve type CVC incl. pilot signal connector.
2
) Without coil. Please see the technical brochure "Coils for solenoid valves" (PD.BS0.A).

Flange sets
Weld flange set Solder flange set
Valve type Flange type
in. Code no. 1) in. Code no. 1) mm Code no. 1)
3 /4 027N1220 /8
7 027L1223 22 027L1222
PMC 1 and 3 12 1 027N1225
11/8 027L1229 28 027L1228
11/4 027N1230
) Code no. applies to a flange set consisting of one inlet flange and one outlet flange.
1

Example
PMC 3 size 12, code no. 027F0152
+ 1 in. flange set, code no. 027N1225
+ CVC, code no. 027B1070
+ EVM, code no. 027B1120 2)
+ ∅ 6.5 / 10 mm pressure gauge connection,
code no. 027B2035.
Accessories
Description Code no.
Pressure gauge connector
027B2035
Ø 6.5 / Ø 10 mm weld / solder
Pressure gauge connector
¼ in. flare (self-closing) 027B2041
Must not be used for ammonia
6 mm 027B2063
Pressure gauge connector, cutting ring connection
10 mm 027B2064
Pressure gauge connector ¼ NPT 027B2062
External pilot connection 027F1048

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Technical brochure Capacity regulators (hot gas bypass), type PMC and CVC

Sizing Suction pressures in the table relates to suction

pressure / suction temperature after the
reduction.
If a smaller offset than 4 K is required, multiply
the capacity found at ∆ts = 4 K by a correction
factor k.
If the correction factors are not changed as a
function of the suction temperature reduction
∆ts, the proportional band of the regulator is fully
utilized.
The proportional band of the regulator is approx.
0.2 bar.

. Selection example
Qh = mb(h2-h4) (kW) where
Qh = hot gas capacity or replacement capacity An R134a unit for compressed air drying must be
.
given in table in kW capacity regulated from 100% to 0% using hot
mb = flow through PMC in kg/s gas injection direct into the evaporator after the
h2-h4 = enthalpy difference in kJ/kg expansion valve. The compressor has no internal
capacity regulation.
The stated PMC hot gas capacities assume that Compressor capacity, Qc = 12 kW at
the hot gas is injected ahead of the evaporator. te = 0°C and tc = +30°C.
The thermostatic expansion valve compensates Min. suction temperature, ts min. = 0°C.
for the heat the hot gas transfers to the Max. off-set, ∆ts max. = 2 K.
evaporator by increasing liquid injection. In this Min. evaporator load, Qe min. = 0 kW.
way the superheat at the evaporator outlet is Necessary PMC replacement capacity,
kept more or less constant. Qh = 12 − 0 = 12 kW.
Capacities are thus made up of the PMC regulator From the capacity table, it can be seen that PMC
capacity + expansion valve compensation. size 5 produces 19 kW at ts = 0°C,
Capacities are given for an offset (= suction tc = +30°C and ∆ts = 4 K.
temperature reduction ∆ts) of 4 K. Correction factor k for off-set ∆ts = 2 K is given as
0.7.
The final replacement capacity Qh for PMC size 5
thus become 19 × 0.7 = 13.3.
A PMC size 5 will therefore produce the same as
the compressor, i.e. 12 kW at an off-set a little
lower than 2 K.

 Danfoss A/S (IR/MWA), 04-2010 DKRCI.PD.HM0.A2.02 / 520H3536 5

Technical brochure Capacity regulators (hot gas bypass), type PMC and CVC

Hot gas capacity Type PMC 1 and PMC 3

Suction temp. ts after kg/s kW
Hot gas / replacement capacity Size temperature reduction Condensing temperature tc °C
for suction temperature °C 20 30 40 50 20 30 40 50
reduction, off-set ∆ts = 4 K.
R22
+10 0.111 0.184 0.232 0.29 23 36 45 55
0 0.14 0.182 0.231 0.289 29 36 45 55
-10 0.14 0.181 0.231 0.289 29 36 45 55
5
-20 0.138 0.181 0.231 0.289 29 36 45 54
-30 0.137 0.17 0.229 0.289 29 36 45 54
-40 0.137 0.18 0.229 0.289 29 36 45 54
+10 0.192 0.337 0.425 0.534 38 67 83 101
0 0.257 0.333 0.424 0.532 54 67 83 101
-10 0.257 0.333 0.424 0.532 54 67 82 101
8
-20 0.253 0.333 0.424 0.532 54 67 82 101
-30 0.253 0.33 0.424 0.532 54 67 82 101
-40 0.251 0.33 0.397 0.397 54 67 77 76
+10 0.239 0.455 0.574 0.722 49 89 111 139
0 0.348 0.45 0.573 0.72 72 89 111 139
-10 0.348 0.45 0.573 0.72 72 89 111 139
12
-20 0.343 0.45 0.573 0.72 72 89 111 139
-30 0.339 0.447 0.538 0.541 73 90 104 102
-40 0.339 0.364 0.393 0.4 73 73 77 75
+10 0.335 0.688 0.885 1.112 67 130 173 216
0 0.53 0.694 0.885 1.112 108 140 173 216
-10 0.537 0.694 0.885 0.922 108 140 173 173
20
-20 0.53 0.694 0.733 0.715 108 140 140 140
-30 0.464 0.53 0.568 0.567 99 107 108 108
-40 0.369 0.399 0.41 0.414 79 80 78 79

Correction factor k for different off-set (suction temperature reductions)

Suction temp. ts after tc = 20°C and 30°C tc = 40°C and 50°C
Refrige-
temperature reduction Suction temperature reduction Dts k
rant
°C 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
+10 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0
0 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0
-10 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0
R22
-20 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0
-30 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
-40 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.0

Type PMC 1 and PMC 3

Suction temp. ts after kg/s kW
Size temperature reduction Condensing temperature tc °C
°C 20 30 40 50 20 30 40 50

R134a
+10 0.019 0.122 0.156 0.194 3 19 24 29
0 0.072 0.12 0.154 0.192 15 19 24 29
5 -10 0.092 0.118 0.152 0.192 15 19 24 29
-20 0.092 0.118 0.151 0.192 15 19 24 29
-30 0.092 0.118 0.151 0.192 15 19 24 29
+10 0.035 0.224 0.285 0.358 5 34 43 52
0 0.161 0.22 0.281 0.354 26 35 44 54
8 -10 0.169 0.218 0.28 0.353 28 35 44 54
-20 0.169 0.218 0.28 0.353 28 35 44 54
-30 0.169 0.218 0.278 0.353 28 35 44 54
+10 0.047 0.302 0.385 0.484 7 46 58 72
0 0.203 0.299 0.38 0.478 33 47 58 73
12 -10 0.228 0.294 0.378 0.478 37 47 60 73
-20 0.228 0.294 0.378 0.478 37 47 60 73
-30 0.228 0.294 0.332 0.359 37 47 52 54
+10 0.076 0.421 0.594 0.747 12 65 89 113
0 0.264 0.46 0.587 0.739 42 73 90 113
20 -10 0.332 0.455 0.584 0.636 55 74 91 96
-20 0.332 0.403 0.466 0.505 55 66 73 77
-30 0.278 0.32 0.358 0.374 45 52 56 57

Correction factor k for different off-set (suction temperature reductions)

Suction temp. ts after tc = 20°C and 30°C tc = 40°C and 50°C
Refrige-
temperature reduction Suction temperature reduction Dts k
rant
°C 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
+10 0.1 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.0
0 0.3 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0
R 134a -10 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0
-20 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0
-30 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.0

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Technical brochure Capacity regulators (hot gas bypass), type PMC and CVC

Hot gas capacity Type PMC 1 and PMC 3

(continued) Suction temp. ts after kg/s kW
Size temperature reduction Condensing temperature tc °C
Hot gas / replacement capacity for °C 20 30 40 50 20 30 40 50
suction temperature
reduction, off-set ∆ts = 4 K.
R404A
+10 0.151 0.235 0.295 0.373 23 34 43 50
0 0.184 0.234 0.294 0.37 28 36 43 51
−10 0.182 0.233 0.292 0.368 28 36 44 51
5 −20 0.179 0.231 0.291 0.367 28 36 43 51
−30 0.178 0.23 0.291 0.367 28 36 43 51
−40 0.178 0.23 0.291 0.367 28 36 43 51
+10 0.266 0.43 0.543 0.685 39 63 78 93
0 0.337 0.427 0.539 0.68 51 65 79 93
−10 0.333 0.425 0.536 0.676 52 65 79 94
8 −20 0.328 0.425 0.535 0.676 52 65 79 94
−30 0.328 0.425 0.535 0.676 52 65 79 94
−40 0.328 0.425 0.535 0.59 52 65 79 82
+10 0.333 0.577 0.734 0.927 49 85 106 122
0 0.454 0.579 0.73 0.921 69 86 107 122
−10 0.449 0.575 0.725 0.915 71 88 107 122
12 −20 0.443 0.575 0.725 0.915 72 88 107 122
−30 0.443 0.574 0.725 0.744 72 88 107 104
−40 0.443 0.53 0.544 0.569 72 79 105 79
+10 0.435 0.871 1.132 1.429 65 125 159 193
0 0.688 0.892 1.125 1.418 104 136 170 193
−10 0.694 0.886 1.118 1.191 109 136 170 170
20 −20 0.685 0.886 0.928 0.941 110 136 136 136
−30 0.659 0.713 0.73 0.875 107 113 105 125
−40 0.511 0.557 0.556 0.569 82 84 82 79

Correction factor k for different off-set (suction temperature reductions)

Suction temp. ts after tc = 20°C and 30°C tc = 40°C and 50°C
Refrige-
temperature reduction Suction temperature reduction Dts K
rant
°C 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
+10 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0
0 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0
−10 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0
R404A −20 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0
−30 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
−40 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.0

Type PMC 1 and PMC 3

Suction temp. ts after kg/s kW
Size temperature reduction Condensing temperature tc °C
°C 20 30 40 50 20 30 40 50

R717 (NH3)
+10 0.05 0.077 0.098 0.125 63 96 124 158
0 0.057 0.073 0.097 0.123 73 96 124 158
−10 0.055 0.072 0.094 0.121 73 96 124 158
5 −20 0.054 0.071 0.094 0.121 73 96 124 158
−30 0.054 0.071 0.094 0.121 73 96 124 158
−40 0.054 0.071 0.094 0.121 73 96 124 158
+10 0.087 0.14 0.18 0.23 111 179 230 282
0 0.102 0.136 0.178 0.227 141 179 230 282
−10 0.101 0.133 0.173 0.224 141 179 230 282
8 −20 0.1 0.132 0.173 0.224 141 179 230 282
−30 0.1 0.132 0.173 0.195 141 179 230 243
−40 0.1 0.115 0.129 0.137 141 154 166 179
+10 0.109 0.189 0.245 0.312 139 244 313 383
0 0.139 0.183 0.241 0.306 186 244 313 383
−10 0.137 0.181 0.234 0.303 186 244 313 383
12 −20 0.135 0.179 0.234 0.266 186 244 313 336
−30 0.135 0.177 0.19 0.196 186 244 255 244
−40 0.11 0.122 0.13 0.139 151 162 174 174
+10 0.144 0.287 0.377 0.48 184 356 475 583
0 0.213 0.283 0.372 0.473 281 367 475 583
−10 0.211 0.279 0.362 0.359 281 367 475 454
20 −20 0.207 0.244 0.27 0.27 281 324 356 346
−30 0.172 0.189 0.197 0.185 238 248 259 238
−40 0.12 0.121 0.126 0.099 162 162 173 130

Correction factor k for different off-set (suction temperature reductions)

Suction temp. ts tc = 20°C and 30°C tc = 40°C and 50°C
Refrige- after temperature
reduction Suction temperature reduction Dts K
rant
°C 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
+10 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.0
0 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0
−10 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
R717 (NH3) −20 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
−30 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
−40 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.0

 Danfoss A/S (IR/MWA), 04-2010 DKRCI.PD.HM0.A2.02 / 520H3536 7

Technical brochure Capacity regulators (hot gas bypass), type PMC and CVC

Design/Function

1. Valve body
1a and 1b. Channels in valve body
10. Regulating spindle
11. Throttling cone
12. Valve seat
22. Locking ring
24. Servo piston
24 a. Equalizing hole in servo piston
30. Bottom cover
36. Plug
40. Cover
40 a, b, c and d. Channels in cover
44. Blanking plug
for pressure gauge connection
60. Manual operating spindle PMC 1 PMC 3

The PMC regulator is a servo-operated main valve The degree of opening of the regulator is thus
whose function is determined by the pilot valve. controlled by applying a pressure, p2, on the top
The main valve with pilot valve controls of the servo piston which is equal to or greater
refrigerant flow by modulation in accordance than the discharge pressure, p4.
with the pilot valve impulse. p2 = p4 ∼ closed position.
The degree of opening of the PMC is determined p2 = p4 + 0.7 bar ∼ completely open position.
by the pressure difference (differential pressure) p4 ≤ p2 ≤ p4 + 0.7 bar ∼ proportional degree of
between pressure p2, which acts on the top of the opening.
servo piston (24), and pressure p3, which acts on The maximum pressure, p2, that can be built
the underside of the servo piston. up on the top of the servo piston (24) normally
Because of the channel (1b) in the valve body, corresponds to the pressure, p1, acting on the
pressure p3 acting on the underside of the servo regulator inlet side. Inlet pressure p1 is led, via
piston (24) is equal to the regulator discharge the drilled channels (1a, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) in
pressure, p4. the valve body (1) and cover (40) through the
If this pressure difference is 0, the regulator will individual pilot valves and on the top of the servo
be fully closed. piston (24).
If the pressure difference is approximately 0.7 bar The degree of opening of the individual pilot
or more, the regulator will be fully open. valves determines the size of pressure p2 and
At pressure differences (p2 - p4) between thus the degree of opening of the regulator, i.e.
approximately 0.3 bar and 0.7 bar the opening the equalisation hole (24a) in the servo piston
degree of the regulator will be correspondingly (24) ensures that pressure p2 is balanced in
proportional. The shape of the throttling hole (11) accordance with the degree of opening of the
gives an ideal regulation characteristic to servo- pilot valve.
operated regulators.

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Technical brochure Capacity regulators (hot gas bypass), type PMC and CVC

Design
Function
(continued)

43. Gasket
44. Blanking plug for Blanking plug A + B
pressure gauge connection
A2. Gasket
A1. O-ring
103. Banjo fitting
104. O-ring
105. Protective cap
106. O-ring
107. Signal connection
108. Pilot orifice
109. Banjo fitting connector
110. Diaphragm
111. Spring CVC Blanking plug A
112. Setting spindle

1. Coil
2. Armature
3. Armature tube
A2. Gasket
A1. O-ring
6. Seal ring
7. Spacing ring
8. Nut
9. Locking knob
10. Union nut EVM
11. Valve seat

PMC opens when the pressure ps in the signal If only two pilot valves are necessary for the
connection (107) is below set point. required function, the third pilot port must be
The PMC 3 has three connections for pilot valves, blanked with the blanking plug provided. Fitting
two in series (marked "SI" and "SII") and one in instructions accompany the blanking plug.
parallel (marked "P").

 Danfoss A/S (IR/MWA), 04-2010 DKRCI.PD.HM0.A2.02 / 520H3536 9

Technical brochure Capacity regulators (hot gas bypass), type PMC and CVC

Dimensions and weights

PMC 1 and CVC PMC 3, CVC and EVM

Weight with flanges but

L5 max.
Type Size H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 L L1 B1 B3 without pilot valves
10 W 20 W PMC 1 PMC 3 Flangeset
PMC 1 mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm kg kg kg
5 - 20
PMC 3 66 162 79 101 178 117 228 177 106 122 132 75 87 6.5 7.0 1.1

Pilot valve Weight

type kg
CVC 0.7 CVC EVM
EVM 0.5

Pressure gauge connector, Pressure gauge connector, External pilot connection

¼ NPT flare

Size A B L M Pressure gauge connector, Pressure gauge connector Pressure gauge connector,
6 mm 19 14 39 27 cutting ring connection self-closing
10 mm 19 19 40 29

10 DKRCI.PD.HM0.A2.02 / 520H35369  Danfoss A/S (IR/MWA), 04-2010

Technical brochure Capacity regulators (hot gas bypass), type PMC and CVC

 Danfoss A/S (IR/MWA), 04-2010 DKRCI.PD.HM0.A2.02 / 520H3536 11

Technical brochure Capacity regulators (hot gas bypass), type PMC and CVC

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