International Islamic University Chittagong

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Digital Electronics Lab Manual

Md. Rifat Shariar

Mohammed Abdul kader

i
Digital Electronics Lab Manual

Md. Rifat Shariar

Mohammed Abdul kader

ii
Preface

The basic idea of Digital electronics is mandatory for microprocessor & microcontroller and also
for computer architecture. So, any application which involves microprocessor or a computer has
digital electronics in it.Digital logic has brought “intelligence” to many products of our daily use.
So to understand the modern technology one must have the basic knowledge of digital
electronics.

The objective of this manual is to learn the use of different digital logic gate IC to design,
simulate and implement of different combinational and sequential logic circuit. Also to learn the
application of combinational and sequential circuits in practical field.

After completing this course student can design different useful circuit based on digital logic
design such as-

Project No Project Name

1 Design an automatic traffic control system.

2 Design an industrial product counter.

3 Developing a digital Dice

4 Design and implement a circuit to control Water level of a tank.

5 Design and implement a digital watch.

6 Digital Toshbi.

7 Counting the rotation of rotating parts.

Mohammed Abdul kader

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Contents

Experiment Name Page No.

Familiarization with necessary resources of Digital Electronics Sessional. 01

Verification of operation of different Logic Gate IC (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, 13

NOR and XOR).
Implementation of different logic gates by diodes, transistors and resistors. 16

Implementation of Boolean function by basic logic gates. 19

Implementation of a Half-adder and Full-adder. 21

Familiarization with Seven segment display and BCD to seven segment decoder IC. 24

Implementation of multiplexer and de-multiplexer. 29

Familiarization with flip-flops. 32

Design and implementation of synchronous counter. 37

Design and implementation of asynchronous counter. 40

Implementation of Shift Register 43

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Experiment List with necessary components

Exp. Experiment Name Component/ Equipment List

No
1 Familiarization with necessary resources of Digital  Trainer Board
Electronics Sessional.  IC tester

2 Verification of operation of different Logic Gate IC (AND,  Trainer Board

OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and XOR).  IC Tester
 IC 7400, IC 7402, IC 7404, IC 7408,
IC 7432, IC 7486 (1 pc of each IC)
3 Implementation of different logic gates by diodes,  Trainer Board
transistors and resistors.  Diode (2 pcs)
 Transistor (1 pc)
 Resistor 1K (1pc)
4 Implementation of Boolean function by basic logic gates.  Trainer Board
 IC Tester
 IC 7404, IC 7408, IC 7432 (2 pcs of
each IC)
5 Implementation of a Half-adder and Full-adder.  Trainer Board
 IC Tester
 IC (7408, 7432, 7486)- 1 pcs of each

6 Familiarization with Seven segment display and BCD to  Trainer Board

seven segment decoder IC.  7-segment Display (1 pcs)
 IC 7448 or IC 4511 (1 pcs)
 Resistors : 10 K (4 pcs) and 470 ohm
(7 pcs)
7 Implementation of multiplexer and de-multiplexer.  Trainer Board
 IC Tester
 IC : 7408 (1 pcs), 7432 (1 pcs), 7404
(1pcs), 7411 (2 pcs)
8 Familiarization with flip-flops.  Trainer Board
 IC Tester
 IC :7400, 7404, 7408, 7432 (1 pcs of
each IC)
9 Design and implementation of synchronous counter.  Trainer Board
 IC Tester
 IC 74107 or 7478 (2 pcs), IC :7408,
7432, 7448 (1 pcs of each)
10 Design and implementation of asynchronous counter.  Trainer Board
 IC Tester
 IC 74107 (2 pcs), IC 7400 (1 pcs)
11 Implementation of Shift Register  Trainer Board
 IC Tester
 IC:4013

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Experiment No. 01: Familiarization with necessary resources of Digital Electronics Sessional.

1.1 Objectives:

1. To familiarize with digital electronics trainer kit.

2. Familiarization with IC Tester.
3. To familiarize with digital ICs.
4. To learn the simulation of Digital Electronics circuit in Proteus.

1.2 Experiment Requirements:

1. Digital Electronics Trainer Kit.

2. Digital IC Tester.
3. DC power supply unit.
4. Digital ICs: 7408, 7432, 7404, 7400, 7402, 7486, 7410, 7420,74107

1.3 Experiment Procedures:

1. Observe the functionalities and operating procedures of trainer kit.

2. Observe the functionalities and operating procedures of dc power supply unit.
3. Observe the operating procedure of Digital IC Tester.
4. Familiarize with following digital ICs, their pin diagram and pin functions.

1.4 Digital IC’s:

a. Name of the IC: IC 7408, AND gate

PIN diagram PIN description

PIN no. Function PIN no. Function

7 Ground 14 +Vcc

1,2 Input 3 Output

4,5 Input 6 Output

13,12 Input 11 Output

10,9 Input 8 Output

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

b. Name of the IC: IC 7432, OR gate

PIN diagram PIN description

PIN no. Function PIN no. Function

7 Ground 14 +Vcc

1,2 Input 3 Output

4,5 Input 6 Output

13,12 Input 11 Output

10,9 Input 8 Output

c. Name of the IC: IC 7404, NOT gate

PIN diagram PIN description

PIN no. Function PIN no. Function

7 Ground 14 +Vcc

1 Input 2 Output

3 Input 4 Output

5 Input 6 Output

13 Input 12 Output

11 Input 10 Output

9 Input 8 Output

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

d. Name of the IC: IC 7400, NAND gate

PIN diagram PIN description

PIN no. Function PIN no. Function

7 Ground 14 +Vcc

1,2 Input 3 Output

4,5 Input 6 Output

13,12 Input 11 Output

10,9 Input 8 Output

e. Name of the IC: IC 7402, NOR gate

PIN diagram PIN description

PIN no. Function PIN no. Function

7 Ground 14 +Vcc

2,3 Input 1 Output

5,6 Input 4 Output

11,12 Input 13 Output

8,9 Input 10 Output

f. Name of the IC: IC 7486, XOR gate

PIN diagram PIN description

PIN no. Function PIN no. Function

7 Ground 14 +Vcc

1,2 Input 3 Out put

4,5 Input 6 Out put

13,12 Input 11 Out put

10,9 Input 8 Out put

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

g. Name of the IC: IC 7410, 3-Input NAND gate

PIN diagram PIN description

PIN
PIN no. Function Function
no.

7 Ground 14 +Vcc

1,2,13 Input 12 Out put

3,4,5 Input 6 Out put

9,10,11 Input 8 Out put

h. Name of the IC: IC 7420, 4-Input NAND gate

PIN diagram PIN description

PIN
PIN no. Function Function
no.

7 Ground 14 +Vcc

1,2,4,5 Input 6 Out put

9,10,12,13 Input 8 Out put

3,11 Not used - -

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

i. HD74LS78A Dual J-K Flip-Flops with Preset, Common Clear, and Common Clock

PIN description

PIN
PIN no. Function Function
no.

3,14 1J, 1K 1 CLK

13, 12 1Q, 1 Q 4, 11 Vcc, Gnd

7, 10 2K, 2J 2, 6 1PR, 2PR

8, 9 2Q, 2 Q 5 CLR

j. 74107 Dual Negative Edge triggered J-K Flip-Flops with Reset

PIN description

PIN no. Function PIN no. Function

Output Output
2,6 3,5
( Q A, Q B) QA, QB

CLKA, Reset
12,9 13,10
CLKB (RA,RB)

Input
1,8 7 GND
(JA,JB)

Input
4,11 14 Vcc
(KA,KB)

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

1.5 Simulation of Digital Circuit in Proteus:

1.5.1 Starting Simulation:

 Install PROTEUS in your PC

 Go to Start Manu> then Proteus 7 Professional> then open ISIS 7 Professional.

 After opening ISIS 7 Professional, you will see the following window.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

1.5.2 Circuit Construction & Assembly:

 Select component mode

 Click on Pick Device/Symbol or just click on “P” to pick component or device.
 Write down the name of your component in the dialogue box known as “Keywords”.
All steps are shown in the following figure-

 The selected component can be located on the left side window of the design diagram.

 To put the component to the design sheet, just left click the component and put it to the
sheet.
 To move the components, simply right click on the component (the component will be
red-lighted), and left click and drag the component to the desired location.
 Selection of power and ground terminals: For power terminal and ground, the
component is NOT selected from the library. Select the “terminals mode” icon at the left-
side toolbar. Select POWER and GROUND terminals.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

 Component Parameter Settings: To edit the component, select the component (right-
click) and left-click to open the Edit Component dialog. The dialog is different according
to the devices. Set the parameters as your circuit requirement.
 Power source and signal input: To supply circuit power and different input signals such
as DC, SIN, PULSE, Clock and Audio etc select Generator Mode. You can also select
voltage and current sources from library.

Fig: Piecewise Linear Generator Type.

 Measuring Instruments: To measure different parameters of the designed circuit select

Virtual Instrument Mode. You will get oscilloscope, ammeter, voltmeter, signal generator
etc in virtual instrument mode.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

 Graphs: To trace the graphs the following three modes are required.
a) Graph Mode.
b) Voltage Probe Mode.
c) Current Probe Mode.

Having drawn the schematic, you choose the type of circuit analysis you require (transient,
frequency, noise, etc.) by placing a Graph of the appropriate type on the schematic. You can
place as many graphs as you want and can even have several graphs of the same type if you
wish. Graph types supported include: Analogue, Digital and Mixed transient graphs as well as
Frequency, Transfer, Noise, Distortion, Fourier, AC Sweep and DC Sweep and Audio graphs.
Set voltage probe or current probe to the circuit node or branch in which you want to see the
graphs. Then drag the probe to graph box or right click the graph box to add probe parameter by
“Add Traces” option. Finally right click the graph box and select “Simulate Graph” option.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

1.5.3 Simulation Example

Example1. Simulation of different logic gates.

Step1: Pick the following components from component library.

7408,7432,7404, Logic Probe, Logic State

Step2: Place and connect the component according to circuit diagram.

Step3: Play and observe the output logic for different combination of input logic.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Example 2: Simulation of 4X1 Multiplexer.

Pick and place the component according to circuit diagram and enjoy simulation.

Lab Report:

You are responsible for documenting your work and your report must include (at minimum) the
following:

1. Cover sheet (Showing your Name, ID, Semester, Section, Exp. Name, Course Title,
Course Code at least)
2. Objectives of the experiment.
3. List of Components.
4. Describe different parts (Logic input switch, logic output display, power supply, Push
switch, 7-segment display, Bread Board etc.) of Trainer Kit.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

5. Describe the procedure of Testing Digital IC.

6. Pin description and pin functions at least 4 digital IC.
7. Also, answer the following questions :
(a) Write down some popular logic families of digital integrated circuits.
(b) Define the given parameters of digital logic families: Fan out, Propagation delay,
Dissipation, Noise Margin.
(c) Make a table presenting various series of TTL logic family with example.
(d) Can you drive a DC motor connecting directly with digital IC’s output pin?
(e) How can you differentiate between digital and analog ICs?

Answer these questions carefully. The answer of these questions is available under the topic
“Integrated circuit”, chapter 2 [Digital logic and computer Design by Morris Mano].

The answer of a question is given for you:

Answer of Question (c)

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Experiment No. 02: Verification of operation of different Logic Gate IC (AND, OR, NOT,
NAND, NOR and XOR).

2.1 Objectives:

1. To examine the operation of fundamental logic gates AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR,
XOR and determine their logical properties.

2. To derive the truth tables of logic gates and verify their logic equations.

2.2 Circuit Diagrams:

Figure 2.1: AND, OR and NOT gates

Figure 2.2: NAND, NOR and XOR gates

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

2.3 Experiment Requirements:

1. Digital Electronics Trainer Kit.

2. IC Tester
3. IC (7404, 7408, 7432, 7400, 7402, 7486).
4. Multimeter.

2.4 Experiment Procedures:

1. Place the components of the circuit shown in figure 2.1 on the trainer board and link
the connections correctly.

2. Use the data switches for input and LEDs for output.

3. Power on the trainer board.

4. Observe the outputs for different input configurations and fill in the data table.

5. Follow procedure 1 to 4 for circuit of figure 2.2.

6. Verify the truth tables and output equations obtained for different logic gates.

2.5 Data Table:

A B Y1 (Fig. Y2 (Fig. Y3 (Fig. Y1 (Fig. Y2 (Fig. Y3 (Fig.

2.1) 2.1) 2.1) 2.2) 2.2) 2.2)

0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1

Output
Equations

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

2.6 Lab Report:

You are responsible for documenting your work and your report must include (at minimum) the
following:

1. Cover sheet (Showing your Name, ID, Semester, Section, Exp. Name, Course Title,
Course Code at least)
2. Objectives of the experiment.
3. List of Components.
4. Draw proper circuit diagrams and figures.
5. List the output of the circuit and include it with your report.
6. The circuit is working properly or not. If not, where did you think the errors lie?
7. Simulate the circuit in PROTEUS and attach simulation result in lab report.
8. Answer the following questions:
a. Why we use a series resistance to connect LED with the output pin of digital IC?
b. How you can construct NAND and NOR gates using the basic logic gates AND, OR,
NOT?
c. Why NAND and NOR gates are called universal gate?
d. Construct AND, OR and NOT gate by using NAND gate only. Also, construct these
gates by using NOR gate only.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Experiment No. 03: Implementation of basic logic gates by diodes, transistors and resistors.

3.1 Objectives:

1. To examine the operation of diode-resistor (AND, OR) and transistor-resistor (NOT)

logic gates and determine their logical properties.

2. To derive the truth tables of logic gates and verify their logic equations.

3.2 Circuit Diagrams:

D1
A
Y
B
D2

Figure 3.1: OR gate (Y=A+B)

D1
A
Y
B
D2

R= 1KΩ

5V

Figure 3.2: AND gate (Y=A∙B)

+Vcc

R2= 1KΩ

Y
R1= 1KΩ
A Q

Figure 3.3: NOT gate ( Y  A )

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

3.3 Experiment Requirements:

1. Digital Electronics Trainer Kit.

2. IC Tester.
3. Diodes.
4. Transistors.
5. Resistor (1KΩ).

3.4 Experiment Procedures:

1. Place the components of the circuit shown in figure 3.1 on the trainer board and link
the connections correctly.

2. Use the data switches for input and LEDs for output.

3. Power on the trainer board.

4. Observe the outputs for different input configurations and fill in the data table.

5. Follow procedure 1 to 4 for circuit of figure 3.2.

6. Follow procedure 1 to 4 for circuit of figure 3.3.

7. Verify the truth tables and output equations obtained for different logic gates.

3.5 Data Table:

A B Y (Fig. 3.1) Y (Fig. 3.2) Y (Fig. 3.3)

0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1

Output Equations

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

3.6 Lab Report:

You are responsible for documenting your work and your report must include (at minimum) the
following:

1. Cover sheet (Showing your Name, ID, Semester, Section, Exp. Name, Course Title,
Course Code at least)
2. Objectives of the experiment.
3. List of Components.
4. Draw proper circuit diagrams and figures.
5. Discuss the function of every component that you have used to make the circuit.
6. List the output of the circuit and include it with your report.
7. The circuit is working properly or not. If not, where did you think the errors lie?
8. Simulate the circuit in PROTEUS and attach simulation result in lab report.
9. Answer the following questions :
a) Draw the circuit diagram of a NOR gate using diodes, transistors and resistors.
b) Draw the circuit diagram of a NAND gate using diodes, transistors and resistors.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Experiment No. 04: Implementation of Boolean function by basic logic gates.

4.1 Objectives:

1. To implement the given Boolean function and develop the truth table.

F= ́ ́ ́ ́

2. To simplify the function and develop the truth table and verify it.

4.2 Logic Diagrams:

Y
F = 𝑋́ 𝑌́ 𝑍 𝑋́ 𝑌𝑍 𝑋𝑌́

Figure 4.1: Logic diagram for F = ́ ́ ́ ́

4.3 Experiment Requirements:

1. Digital Electronics Trainer Kit.

2. IC Tester
3. IC (7404, 7432, 7411, 7408).
4. Multimeter.

4.5 Experiment Procedures:

1. Place the components of the circuit shown in figure 4.1 on the trainer board and link
the connections correctly.

2. Use the data switches for input and LEDs for output.

3. Power on the trainer board.

4. Observe the outputs for different input configurations and fill up the truth table.

5. Simplify the function to minimum number of literals.

6. Draw the logic diagram for simplified function.

7. Follow procedure 1 to 4 for the simplified logic diagram.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

8. Verify the truth table obtained from the simplified logic diagram.

4.6 Truth Table:

X Y Z F

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1

Output Equations

4.7 Lab Report:

You are responsible for documenting your work and your report must include (at minimum) the
following:

1. Cover sheet (Showing your Name, ID, Semester, Section, Exp. Name, Course Title,
Course Code at least)
2. Objectives of the experiment.
3. List of Components.
4. Draw proper circuit diagrams and figures.
5. List the output of the circuit and include it with your report.
6. The circuit is working properly or not. If not, where did you think the errors lie?
7. Simulate the circuit in PROTEUS and attach simulation result in lab report.
8. Answer the following questions:
a) Draw the logic diagram for given Boolean function:
b) Discuss some important postulates of Boolean algebra.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Experiment No. 05: Implementation of a Half-adder and Full-adder.

5.1 Objectives:

1. To implement a Half-adder.

2. To implement a Full-adder by the help of Half-adders.

5.2 Logic Diagrams:

S=X Y and C = XY

Figure 5.1: Implementation of a Half-adder

X
S=X Y Z
Y

C = Z(X Y) + XY

Figure 5.2: Implementation of a Full-adder with two half adder and an OR gate.

5.3 Experiment Requirements:

1. Digital Electronics Trainer Kit.

2. IC Tester
3. IC (7408, 7432, 7486).
4. Multimeter.

5.4 Experiment Procedures:

1. Place the components of the circuit shown in figure 5.1 on the trainer board and link
the connections correctly.

2. Use the data switches for input and LEDs for output.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

3. Power on the trainer board.

4. Observe the outputs for different input configurations and fill up the truth table.

5. Follow procedure 1 to 4 for the circuits shown in figure 5.2.

6. Verify the obtained truth tables with output Boolean functions.

5.5 Truth Tables:

For figure 5.1. (Half-adder)

X Y S C
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Output Equations

For figure 5.2. (Full-adder)

X Y Z S C
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
Output Equations

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

5.6 Lab Report:

You are responsible for documenting your work and your report must include (at minimum) the
following:

1. Cover sheet (Showing your Name, ID, Semester, Section, Exp. Name, Course Title,
Course Code at least)
2. Objectives of the experiment.
3. List of Components.
4. Draw proper circuit diagrams and figures.
5. List the output of the circuit and include it with your report.
6. The circuit is working properly or not. If not, where did you think the errors lie?
7. Simulate the circuit in PROTEUS and attach simulation result in lab report.
8. Answer the following questions :
a. What do you mean by combinational circuit? Write down the procedure to design a
combinational circuit.
b. Mention some application of combinational circuit.
c. Design a combinational circuit to control the traffic at “Tiger Pass Circle,
Chittagong”

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Name of Experiment 6: Familiarization with Seven segment display and BCD to seven segment
decoder IC.

6.1 Objective:

(a) To know about 7-segment display

(b) To know how to design a BCD to 7-segment decoder
(c) To verify the operation of 7-segment display and decoder

6.2 Experiment Requirements:

(i) Seven segment common cathode display.

(ii) BCD to seven segment decoder (IC 7448 or IC 4511)
(iii) Resistors (10 K and 470 ohm)
(iv) 5 V DC power supply
(v) Connecting wires

6.3 Circuit Diagram:

Fig 6.1 : Interfacing with 7-segment display using

7448 decoder

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Fig 6.2 : Interfacing with 7-segment display using

4511 decoder
6.4 Pin Diagram of IC 7448:

Fig6.3: Pin Diagram of 7-segment decoder IC 7448

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

This package accepts a 1-2-4-8 positive-logic Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) input and converts
it to the proper pattern necessary to illuminate a 7 segment display. A high output is intended to
light the segment. (Common cathode), meaning the negative connection of all of the LEDs is tied
together.

The outputs are open-collector but have internal 2K ohm pull-up resistors and have a maximum
low-level output sink current of 6 milliamperes (6mA).

For normal operation the Lamp Test pin and BI/RBO (OUT) must be pulled high (connected to
the positive supply).
All segments are extinguished when a low (logical zero) signal is applied to pin 4 (OUT). A
PWM (pulse-width modulated) signal can be applied to this pin to provided varying brightness to
the LED display being driven, allowing user control of LED dimming for applications such as
power saving by decreasing the brightness during times of low ambient light.

6.5 Pin Diagram of 7-segment Display:

Com
g f Cathode a b

a
f b

g
e c

d dp

e d Com c dp
Cathode

Fig 6.4: 7-segment Display

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

6.6 Data Table:

6.7 Lab Report:

You are responsible for documenting your work and your report must include (at minimum) the
following:

1. Cover sheet (Showing your Name, ID, Semester, Section, Exp. Name, Course Title,
Course Code at least)
2. Objectives of the experiment.
3. List of Components.
4. Draw proper circuit diagrams and figures.
5. Discuss the function of every component that you have used to make the circuit.
6. List the output of the circuit and include it with your report.
7. The circuit is working properly or not. If not, where did you think the errors lie?
8. Simulate the circuit in PROTEUS and attach simulation result in lab report.
9. Answer the following questions :

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

a) What is the difference between common cathode and common anode 7 segment
display?
b) What is pull-up and pull-down resistor? What is the purpose of pull-up and pull-down
resistor?
c) A BCD to seven-segment decoder is a combinational circuit that accepts a decimal
digit in BCD and generates the appropriate outputs for the selection of segments in a
display indicator used for displaying the decimal digit. The seven output of the
decoder (a,b,c,d,e,f,g) select the corresponding segments in the display as shown in
figure 6a. The numeric designation chosen to represent the decimal digit is shown in
figure 6b. Design the BCD to seven segment decoder circuit.

6a: Segment
designation 6b: Numerical designation for display

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Experiment No. 07: Implementation of multiplexer and de-multiplexer.

7.1 Objectives:

1. To implement a de-multiplexer.
2. To implement a multiplexer.

7.2 Logic Diagrams:

Figure 7.1: Implementation of a De-multiplexer

Figure 7.2: Implementation of a Multiplexer

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

7.3 Experiment Requirements:

1. Digital Electronics Trainer Kit.

2. IC (7408, 7432, 7404, 7411).

3. Multimeter.

7.4 Experiment Procedures:

1. Place the components of the circuit shown in figure 7.1 on the trainer board and link
the connections correctly.

2. Use the data switches for input and LEDs for output.

3. Power on the trainer board.

4. Observe the outputs for different input configurations and fill up the truth table.

5. Follow procedure 1 to 4 for the circuits shown in figure 7.2.

6. Verify the obtained truth tables output Boolean functions.

7.5 Truth Tables:

For figure 7.1. (De-multiplexer)

E S1 S0 D0 D1 D2 D3

0 0 0

1 0 0

0 0 1

1 0 1

0 1 0

1 1 0

0 1 1

1 1 1

Output Equations

Lab Manual EEE 2408 Digital Electronics Sessional Page 30

 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

For figure 7.2. (Multiplexer)

Y (In terms of affecting

S1 S0 I0 I1 I2 I3
Input)

0 0 0 0
0 0
1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0
0 1
1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0
1 0
1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0
1 1
1 1 1 1

Output Equations

7.6 Lab Report:

You are responsible for documenting your work and your report must include (at minimum) the
following:

1. Cover sheet (Showing your Name, ID, Semester, Section, Exp. Name, Course Title,
Course Code at least)
2. Objectives of the experiment.
3. List of Components.
4. Draw proper circuit diagrams and figures.
5. List the output of the circuit and include it with your report.
6. The circuit is working properly or not. If not, where did you think the errors lie?
7. Simulate the circuit in PROTEUS and attach simulation result in lab report.
8. Answer the following questions :
a) Implement a Quadruple 2-to-1 line multiplexer.
b) Write down an application of Multiplexer and Demultiplexer.
c) Implement a full adder circuit with multiplexer.

Lab Manual EEE 2408 Digital Electronics Sessional Page 31

 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Experiment No. 08: Familiarization with flip-flops.

8.1 Objectives:

1. To implement a R-S Flip-Flop.

2. To implement a D Flip-Flop.
3. To implement a JK Flip-Flop.
4. To implement a T Flip-Flop.

8.2 Logic Diagrams:

Figure 8.1: R-S Flip Flop

Figure 8.2: D Flip-Flop

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Figure 8.3: J-K Flip Flop

Figure 8.4: T Flip Flop

8.3 Experiment Requirements:

1. Digital Electronics Trainer Kit.

2. IC Tester
3. IC (7400, 7404, 7408, 7432).
4. Multimeter.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

8.4 Experiment Procedures:

1. Place the components of the circuit shown in figure 8.1 on the trainer board and link
the connections correctly.

2. Use the data switches for input and LEDs for output.

3. Power on the trainer board.

4. Observe the outputs for different input configurations and fill up the truth table.

5. Follow procedures 1 to 4 for the circuits shown in figure 8.2.

6. Follow procedures 1 to 4 for the circuits shown in figure 8.3.

7. Verify the obtained truth tables output Boolean functions.

8.5 Truth Tables:

For figure 8.1 (R-S Flip Flop)

Q(t) C S R Q(t+1) Q´(t+1) Remarks

0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 0 0
1 1 1
1 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Output Equations

For figure 8.2. (D Flip-Flop)

Q(t) C D Q(t+1) Q´(t+1) Remarks

0 0
0 1
1 1
1 0
1 1
1 0
Output Equations

Lab Manual EEE 2408 Digital Electronics Sessional Page 34

 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

For figure 8.3. (JK Flip-Flop)

Q(t) C J K Q(t+1) Q´(t+1) Remarks

0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 0 0
1 1 1
1 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Output Equations

For figure 8.4. (T Flip-Flop)

Q(t) C T Q(t+1) Q´(t+1) Remarks

0 0
0 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 0
1 0
Output Equations

8.6 Lab Report:

You are responsible for documenting your work and your report must include (at minimum) the
following:

1. Cover sheet (Showing your Name, ID, Semester, Section, Exp. Name, Course Title,
Course Code at least)
2. Objectives of the experiment.
3. List of Components.
4. Draw proper circuit diagrams and figures.
5. List the output of the circuit and include it with your report.
6. The circuit is working properly or not. If not, where did you think the errors lie?
7. Simulate the circuits in PROTEUS and attach simulation result in lab report.
8. Answer the following questions :

Lab Manual EEE 2408 Digital Electronics Sessional Page 35

 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

a) What is sequential circuit? Differentiate between combinational and sequential

circuit.
b) What is the difference between latch and flip-flop?
c) How can you convert a D flip-flop into J-K Flip-flop and T Flip Flop?
d) How can you convert a J-K flip-flop into D and T flip-flop?
e) Suppose that there are 4 floors in a building. There is a light in the main gate of the
building. Design a digital logic circuit such that persons from any floor will be able to
ON or OFF the light.

Figure 8.5: Implement a T Flip-Flop by the help of a D Flip-Flop and other necessary gates

Lab Manual EEE 2408 Digital Electronics Sessional Page 36

 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Experiment No. 9: Design and implementation of synchronous counter.

9.1 Objectives:

Implementation of a 3-bit synchronous up counter using T Flip-Flop.

9.2 Logic Diagram:

Figure 9.1: Implementation of a 3-bit synchronous up counter.

9.3 Experiment Requirements:

1. Digital Electronics Trainer Kit.

2. IC Tester
3. IC (7408, 7448, 74107 or, 7478).
4. 7-segment Display (Common Cathode)
5. Multi-meter.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

9.4 Experiment Procedures:

1. Place the components of the circuit shown in figure 9.1 on the trainer board and link
the connections correctly.

2. Connect data switch line to trainer board data switch (for normal operation it should be
5V, and to reset the counter make it 0V) and CLK to clock input.

3. Connect outputs of three JK Flip-Flops Qa, Qb and Qc to three LEDs or, 7-segment
Display. Consider Qc as MSB and Qa as LSB.

4. Power on the trainer board.

5. Observe the outputs sequence and fill up the truth table.

6. Verify obtained truth tables.

9.5 Data Table:

Clock Pulse Qc Qb Qa Decimal Value

sequence at display
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

9.6 Lab Report:

You are responsible for documenting your work and your report must include (at minimum) the
following:

1. Cover sheet (Showing your Name, ID, Semester, Section, Exp. Name, Course Title,
Course Code at least)
2. Objectives of the experiment.
3. List of Components.
4. Draw proper circuit diagrams and figures.
5. List the output of the circuit and include it with your report.
6. The circuit is working properly or not. If not, where did you think the errors lie?

Lab Manual EEE 2408 Digital Electronics Sessional Page 38

 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

7. Simulate the circuit in PROTEUS and attach simulation result in lab report.
8. Answer the following questions:
a) What do you mean by synchronous and asynchronous counter?
b) Design a 3-bit synchronous down counter (Use J-K Flip flop).
c) Write down some application of counter.
d) Write down the IC number of a counter IC with pin diagram.
e) Design and simulate a 0 to 99 counter.

Note:

If IC 74107 is not available in Lab, you can use IC 7478. IC 7478 has an additional pin than
74107 called Preset. But it has only one clock pin for two flip-flop’s, for this reason IC 7478 is
not suitable for asynchronous counter.

Figure 9.2: Implementation of a MOD-8 synchronous up counter (Using IC 7478).

 Connect W of Fig.1 to +5V (Logic 1), X to a data switch and CLK to clock input.
 Connect outputs of three JK Flip-Flops QA, QB and QC to three LEDs. Consider QC as
MSB and QA as LSB.

Lab Manual EEE 2408 Digital Electronics Sessional Page 39

 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Experiment No. 10: Design and implementation of asynchronous counter.

10.1 Objectives:

(a) Design and Implementation of a MOD-16 asynchronous up counter.

(b) Design and Implementation of a MOD-16 down counter.

10.2 Logic Diagram:

Figure 10.1 : MOD-16 asynchronous up counter

Figure 10.2 : MOD-16 Asynchronous down counter

Lab Manual EEE 2408 Digital Electronics Sessional Page 40

 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

10.3 Experiment Requirement:

1. Digital Electronics Trainer Kit.

2. IC Tester
3. IC 74107 (2 pcs)

10.4 Experiment Procedures:

1. Place the components of the circuit shown in figure 10.1 on the trainer board and link the
connections correctly.
2. Connect data switch line to trainer board data switch (for normal operation it should be
5V, and to reset the counter make it 0V) and CLK to clock input.
3. Connect outputs of three JK Flip-Flops Qa, Qb,Qc and Qd to four LED’s of trainer board.
Consider Qd as MSB and Qa as LSB.
4. Power on the trainer board.
5. Observe the outputs sequence and fill up the truth table.
6. Verify obtained truth tables.
7. Don’t disconnect the circuit. Figure 10.1 and 10.2 is almost similar; only rearrange the 3-
connections (Clock input of flip-flop B, C and D should be connected with complement
output of flip-flop A, B and C respectively). Other connections remain same.
8. Repeat step 4, 5 and 6.

10.5 Data Table:

Clock Pulse For figure 10.1 For Figure 10.2

sequence Qd Qc Qb Qa Qd Qc Qb Qa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Lab Manual EEE 2408 Digital Electronics Sessional Page 41

 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

10.6 Lab Report:

You are responsible for documenting your work and your report must include (at minimum) the
following:

1. Cover sheet (Showing your Name, ID, Semester, Section, Exp. Name, Course Title,
Course Code at least)
2. Objectives of the experiment.
3. List of Components.
4. Draw proper circuit diagrams and figures.
5. List the output of the circuit and include it with your report.
6. The circuit is working properly or not. If not, where did you think the errors lie?
7. Simulate the circuit in PROTEUS and attach simulation result in lab report.
8. Answer the following questions :
a) Define MOD number. Design an asynchronous BCD counter.
b) What is the difference between BCD and decade counter?
c) What is the function of Preset Pin of a Flip-Flop IC? Design an asynchronous counter
that will count from 3 to 7.
d) Suppose the frequency of input clock of figure 10.1 is 32 KHz. Find out the
frequency of Qd output. [Hints: output of last (MSB) FF = (input frequency/MOD
No) ]
e) How many flip-flops are required for MOD-60 counter? [Hints: 2N=MOD No]
f) A counter is needed that will count the number of items passing on a conveyor belt. A
photo cell and light source combination is used to generate a single pulse each time
an item cross its path. The counter must be able to count as many as one thousand
items. How many flip-flops are required?

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Experiment No. 11: Implementation of Shift Register

11.1 Objective:

Observing the operation of a serial in/serial out shift register.

11.2 Logic Diagram:

Figure 11.1: Serial in/ serial out shift register.

11.3 Experiment Requirement:

1) Digital Electronics Trainer Kit

2) IC 4013
3) IC Tester.

11.4 Experiment Procedures:

1. Place the components of the circuit shown in figure 10.1 on the trainer board and link the
connections correctly.
2. Connect Y1 and Y2 line to trainer board data switch. Normally Y1 and Y2 should be
low. To set the flip-flop output, make it high for a while. Y1 can set left two flip-flops
and Y2 can set right two flip-flops.
3. Connect Y3 line to trainer board data switch (for normal operation it should be 0V, and to
reset the counter make it 5V) and CLK to clock input (Push Switch).
4. Connect data input line to trainer board data switch.
5. Power on the trainer board.

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 International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

6. Observe the outputs sequence and fill up the data table.

7. Verify obtained data tables.

11.5 Data Table:

Clock Y1 Y2 Y3 Data D1 D2 D3 D4
Sequence Input (Data Out)
0 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 1
5 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0
7 1 0 0 0
8 0 1 0 1
9 0 0 1 0
10 0 0 0 0
11 0 0 0 1
12 0 0 0 1

11.6 Lab Report:

You are responsible for documenting your work and your report must include (at minimum) the
following:

1. Cover sheet (Showing your Name, ID, Semester, Section, Exp. Name, Course Title,
Course Code at least)
2. Objectives of the experiment.
3. List of Components.
4. Draw proper circuit diagrams and figures.
5. List the output of the circuit and include it with your report.
6. The circuit is working properly or not. If not, where did you think the errors lie?
7. Simulate the circuit in PROTEUS and attach simulation result in lab report.
8. Answer the following questions :
a) Write down the basic functions of shift register.
b) Discuss the importance of register in microprocessor architecture.

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