What is DevOps?

DevOps is a set of practices that combines software development (Dev) and IT operations
(Ops). It aims to shorten the systems development life cycle and provide continuous delivery
with high software quality. DevOps focuses on automation, collaboration, integration, and
communication among development and operations teams.

How to Create a New Branch

To create a new branch in Git, you use the following command:

git branch <branch-name>

How to Delete a Branch

To delete a local branch in Git, use:

git branch -d <branch-name>

How Do You Clone a Remote Repository on a Particular Branch in Your

Local Repository?

To clone a specific branch from a remote repository, use:

git clone -b <branch-name> <repository-url>

How to List Out All the Files in Your Local Repository?

To list all the files in your local Git repository, use:

git ls-files

What is Unit Testing?

Unit testing is a software testing method where individual units or components of the
software are tested in isolation. The goal is to validate that each unit of the software performs
as expected. Unit tests are typically automated and written by developers as they develop
code.
How to Switch to Another Branch

To switch to another branch in Git, use:

git checkout <branch-name>

How to Create a JAR File in Java?

To create a JAR (Java Archive) file, you can use the jar command in the terminal. Here's a
basic example:

jar cvf MyJarFile.jar -C path/to/classes

What is Selenium?

Selenium is an open-source tool and library for automating web browsers. It provides a suite
of tools for browser automation, including the Selenium WebDriver, which allows you to
write tests in various programming languages to control browser actions.

Use of WebDriver?

WebDriver is a part of the Selenium suite that allows you to programmatically control a web
browser. It supports multiple programming languages and can be used to perform browser-
based automation tasks such as testing web applications.

Who is the Root User in Linux?

The root user in Linux is the superuser account that has unrestricted access to all commands
and files on the system. It has the highest level of permissions and can perform any task,
including administrative and system-level operations.

'sudo' Purpose

The sudo command in Linux allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser
or another user, as specified by the security policy. It stands for "superuser do" and is
commonly used for tasks that require elevated permissions.
What is Repository in Git?

A repository in Git is a storage location for your project files, including their revision history.
It can be local (on your computer) or remote (on a server such as GitHub or GitLab).

Pull Operation?

The git pull command is used to fetch and integrate changes from a remote repository into
the current branch of your local repository. It combines git fetch (to download the
changes) and git merge (to integrate them).

Push Operation?

The git push command is used to upload your local repository content to a remote
repository. This command updates the remote repository with the changes you have made
locally.

How to Create a Hidden File in Linux?

To create a hidden file in Linux, prefix the file name with a dot ( .). For example:

touch .hiddenfile

What Is Git Used For?

Git is a distributed version control system used for tracking changes in source code during
software development. It allows multiple developers to work on a project simultaneously,
manage different versions of the project, and collaborate efficiently.

Difference Between Agile and DevOps?

 Agile:
oFocuses on iterative development, where requirements and solutions evolve
through collaboration between cross-functional teams.
o Emphasizes customer collaboration, continuous delivery, and flexible
responses to change.
 DevOps:
o Combines development (Dev) and operations (Ops) practices to automate and
integrate the processes of software development and IT operations.
o Aims to shorten the development life cycle and deliver high-quality software
continuously.
What Does Operations Team Do?

The operations team in a software development environment is responsible for managing the
infrastructure, deploying applications, monitoring system performance, and ensuring that
applications run smoothly. They handle server management, network operations, database
administration, and support.

Difference Between Git and GitHub

 Git:
oA distributed version control system for tracking changes in source code.
oAllows for local repositories and full version control capabilities on a
developer's machine.
 GitHub:
o A web-based platform that uses Git for version control.
o Provides a collaborative environment for developers, with additional features
like issue tracking, project management, and social coding.

Meaning of "Commit"

In Git, a commit is a snapshot of changes in the repository. It records the state of the project
at a specific point in time, including changes made to the files. Each commit has a unique
identifier (hash) and includes a message describing the changes.

What is Staging Area in Git?

The staging area in Git is an intermediate area where changes are gathered before a commit.
It allows you to prepare your changes by selecting specific modifications you want to include
in the next commit. You add files to the staging area using git add.

How to Identify a Tag in HTML?

In HTML, a tag is identified by angle brackets, like <tagname>. Tags usually come in pairs,
with an opening tag <tagname> and a closing tag </tagname>.

What is Another Name for Tag in HTML?

Another name for a tag in HTML is an "element". The term "element" typically refers to the
combination of the opening tag, the content, and the closing tag.
What is a Branch?

A branch in Git is a separate line of development. It allows you to diverge from the main
codebase to work on a specific feature or bug fix without affecting the main project. You can
later merge the branch back into the main codebase.

How to Remove a File from Git Repository?

To remove a file from a Git repository, use the following command:

git rm <file-name>

Difference Between rm and rmdir Commands

 rm:
o Stands for "remove".
o Used to delete files or directories.
o Example: rm file.txt removes file.txt.
 rmdir:
o Stands for "remove directory".
o Used to delete empty directories.
o Example: rmdir dir removes the directory dir if it is empty.

What is the Difference Between Absolute and Relative Path in Linux?

 Absolute Path:
o Specifies the full path to a file or directory from the root directory ( /).
o Example: /home/user/documents/file.txt.
 Relative Path:
o Specifies the path to a file or directory relative to the current directory.
o Example: documents/file.txt if the current directory is /home/user.

How to Know Current Directory Name?

To know the current directory name in Linux, use:

Pwd

Difference Between Manual Testing and Automation Testing?

 Manual Testing:
o Testing is performed manually by a tester.
 oTest cases are executed without using any automation tools.
oTime-consuming and prone to human error.
 Automation Testing:
o Testing is performed using automated tools and scripts.
o Test cases are executed automatically.
o Faster, more reliable, and suitable for repetitive tasks.

What is a JAR File in Java?

A JAR (Java Archive) file is a package file format used to aggregate many Java class files
and associated metadata and resources (text, images, etc.) into one file for distribution. It is
used to distribute Java applications and libraries.

Name Few IDEs

Some popular Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) include:

 Eclipse
 IntelliJ IDEA
 NetBeans
 Visual Studio Code
 PyCharm

Difference Between HTML and JavaScript

 HTML (HyperText Markup Language):

o A markup language used for creating the structure of web pages.
o Defines the elements and layout of a web page using tags.
 JavaScript:
o A programming language used to create interactive and dynamic content on
web pages.
o Provides functionality and behavior to web pages through scripts.

What Does Selenium Driver Contain?

Selenium WebDriver contains:

 A set of APIs to interact with and control browser actions.

 Language bindings for multiple programming languages like Java, C#, Python, etc.
 Browser-specific drivers to interface with different web browsers (e.g., ChromeDriver
for Google Chrome, GeckoDriver for Mozilla Firefox).
Define Package in Java

A package in Java is a namespace that organizes a set of related classes and interfaces.
Packages help to avoid name conflicts, control access, and make searching and locating
classes, interfaces, and sub-packages easier.