END OF YEAR 2023
2 Figure 2.1 below shows three horizontal forces acting on a car as it moves
along a straight road. The horizontal forces act along the same straight line.
Figure 2.1
(a) (i) Calculate the size of the resultant horizontal force on the car and state
its direction. (04 marks)
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size of resultant force =............................ N
direction of resultant force ...........................
(ii) The driver presses the brake pedal and the car slows down.
As the car slows down, the kinetic energy of the car decreases by100 kJ.
Describe and explain what happens to this 100 kJ of energy. (02 marks)
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(b) Figure 2.2 shows the force applied to the brake pedal by the driver’s foot.
Figure 2.2
Calculate the moment of the force about the pivot. Include the unit.(03ks)
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3 (a) Figure. 3.1 shows a ray of light incident on a plane mirror at point X.
Figure 3.1
(i) Determine the value of the angle of reflection for the ray of light at
point X. (02 marks)
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(ii) On Figure 3.1:
draw the normal at point X and label the normal with the letter N.
draw the ray reflected from point X and name it as R. (02 marks)
(b) A ray of light is reflected by two parallel mirrors M1 and M2 as shown in
figure 3.2.
Figure 3.2
(i) Find he angle of incidence at mirror M1 . (02 marks)
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(ii) Find the angle of reflection at mirror M2. (02 marks)
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(iii) State one optical device which uses the arrangement in figure 3.2.
(01 mark)
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4 (a) The figure below shows the cross – section of a wheel and axle machine
of radius 6.5cm and 1.5cm respectively used to lift a load.
Calculate the efficiency of the machine. (05 mark)
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(b) A student wanted to put boxes of salt at the top of the platform using an
inclined plane.
If the total weight of the boxes of salt is 40.0N and the student uses a puling
force of 27.0N along the plane, determine;
(i) the Mechanical advantage of the plane. (02 marks)
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(ii) the velocity ratio of the plane. (02 marks)
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(iii) the efficiency of the inclined plane. (04 marks)
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5 A falling metal hammer is used to drive a hollow steel post into the ground,
as shown in Figure. 5.1. The hammer is lifted by an electric motor and then
falls freely to hit the baseplate.
Figure 5.1
(i) State the law of conservation of energy. (01 mark)
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(ii) State the energy conversions that take place as the hammer falls,
starting from the initial potential energy of the hammer before it is
dropped. (03 marks)
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(b) The metal hammer has a mass of 1500 kg and it hits the baseplate with a
speed of 8.0 m/s.
(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the hammer as it hits the baseplate.
(04 marks)
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(ii) State the initial potential energy of the hammer. (01 mark)
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(iii) Calculate the height above the baseplate from which the hammer is
dropped. (Take g as 10 ms-2). (04 marks)
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6. (a) A 50 cm rule is balanced at its mid-point. A force of 8.0 N acts at a
distance of 10 cm from one end of the rule. Figure 6.1 shows the
arrangement.
Figure 6.1
(i)Calculate the moment of the 8.0 N force about the pivot. Give the unit.
(04 marks)
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(ii) Another force acts at a point 10 cm from the pivot and to the right of the
pivot. It makes the rule balance. On Figure 6.1, draw an arrow to show
the position and direction of this force. (01 mark)
(b) Figure. 6.2 shows the handle used to open and close a cupboard door on
the aeroplane.
Figure 6.2
A force of 60 N acts at a distance of 20 cm from the pivot of the handle.
Calculate the moment of the 60 N force about the pivot. (04 mark)
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7. Figure. 7.1 shows a fork-lift truck lifting a box.
Figure 7.1
The electric motor that drives the lifting mechanism is powered by batteries.
(a) State the form of the energy stored in the batteries. (01 mark)
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(b) The lifting mechanism raises a box of mass 32 kg through a vertical
distance of 2.5 m in 5.4 s.
(i) Calculate the gravitational potential energy gained by the box.
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gravitational potential energy = ...............................(03 mark)
(ii) The power developed on lifting the box through the vertical distance
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(iii) The efficiency of the lifting mechanism is 65%. Calculate the input
power to the lifting mechanism. (04 marks)
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input power = ..................................
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8. Figure 8.1 shows a pulley system.
Figure 8.1
(a) What is the velocity ratio of the system? (01 mark)
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(b) Calculate the efficiency of the system. (05 marks)
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(c) On figure 8.1, show the direction of the force on the string. (01 mark)
(d) State any three uses of pulleys. (03 marks)
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THE END
