REAL TIME BUS TRACKING APPLICATION

AISHWARYA a/p CHANDRAN

THIAGU a/l DEWARAS

HARRISH GUNA SEGARAN

POLITEKNIK SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH

 REAL TIME BUS TRACKING APPLICATION

AISHWARYA a/p CHANDRAN

THIAGU a/l DEWARAS

HARRISH GUNA SEGARAN

This report is submitted in partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for

Diploma in Electronic Engineering (Communications)

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Elektrik

Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah

JUNE 2017

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 ENDORSMENT

“I hereby acknowledge that I have read this report and I find that its contents
meet the requirements in terms of scope and quality for the award of the
Diploma in Electronic Engineering (Communication)”

Signature :……………………..........
Name of supervisor :……………………..........
Date : ………………………….

Signature :……………………..........
Name of supervisor :……………………..........
Date : ………………………….

Signature :……………………..........
Name of supervisor :……………………..........
Date : ………………………….

Signature :……………………..........
Name of supervisor :……………………..........
Date : ………………………….

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 DECLARATION

“We hereby declare that the work in this report is our own except for quotation
and summaries which have been duty acknowledge”

Signature :…………………………………..
Name :…Harrish Guna Segaran……..
Registration No. :…08DEP15F1546…………….
Date :…23/10/17…………………….

Signature :…………………………………..
Name :…Aishwarya a/p Chandran…….
Registration No. :.…… 08DEP15F1569…………
Date :……… 23/10/17………………..

Signature :…………………………………..
Name :……Thiagu a/l Dewaras………..
Registration No. :.…… 08DEP15F1575………….
Date :…….….23/10/17……………..

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My deepest gratitude goes to my supervisors, Pn. Zarina bt. Md Amin, Pn.Nur

Suriya bt. Mohamad, Pn. Hayati bt. Mohd Yasin dan Pn. Julaiha bt. Omar for their
guidance, advice and constructive comments on project development process,
requirement specification and so forth. Besides, they also guide us in the software
development life cycles and taught us how to build a good system. My supervisors
also provides a lot of feedback to me during the system development which increases
the overall quality of this project.

In addition, we would like to express my utmost appreciation to my moderator,

Pn. Zarina bt. Md Amin, Pn.Nur Suriya bt. Mohamad, for their invaluable guidance
and advice as well as encouragements when finding the titles for the proposed system.

My thanks also goes to my academic advisor, Puan Emy Satira Bt. for his
support and advice. I would also like to take this opportunity to say thank you to all
my friends who had given suggestion and idea for this project and helping me in system
testing. Their helps are truly appreciated.

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 ABSTRACT

Public buses has been used by passengers for ages. It is one of the easiest and most
convenient public transport. Even though the buses nowadays are equipped with the
latest technologies, passengers still have to wait long hours for the bus. Moreover,
passengers are impatient while they are waiting in bus stop because they are not able
to know exactly how long to wait and where the next coming bus is. The main purpose
of this project is to develop a real time bus tracking system to enhance current bus
service system and reduce the workload of bus management team. Global Positioning
System (GPS) is the main technology implemented behind the system. A GPS receiver
is used to track on real time bus coordination by continuously receiving the position
data which are latitude and longitude values from GPS satellite, then send the position
data back to main server and server process the raw position data into real time
information for users. This system is implemented on an Android App so that
passengers are able to view the information through smartphone devices. Methodology
applied in this project is prototype development model. The system developed in this
project is not modules independently, all modules have to integrate become a working
system. Therefore, prototype is developed and use for system evaluations, testing and
enhancements. The users can get flexibility of planning travel using the app, to decide
on which bus to take or when to catch the bus. The waiting time of the user can be
reduced. Simple mode of communication is the key feature of the Bus Tracking
system. After all modules integration, the system is able to provide a more accurate
bus arrival time and to reduce workload performed by bus management team.

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 ABSTRAK

Bas-bas awam telah digunakan oleh penumpang untuk beberapa tahun. Ia adalah
salah satu pengangkutan awam yang paling mudah dan paling murah. Walaupun bas
pada masa kini dilengkapi dengan teknologi terkini, penumpang masih perlu
menunggu masa yang lama untuk bas. Selain itu, penumpang tidak sabar semasa
mereka sedang menunggu di perhentian bas kerana mereka tidak dapat mengetahui
dengan tepat berapa lama menunggu dan di mana bas datang seterusnya
berada. Tujuan utama projek ini adalah untuk membangunkan satu sistem
pengesanan bas masa nyata untuk meningkatkan sistem perkhidmatan bas semasa
dan mengurangkan beban kerja pasukan pengurusan bas. Sistem Kedudukan Global
(GPS) adalah teknologi yang utama dilaksanakan di belakang sistem. Seorang
penerima GPS digunakan untuk mengesan pada penyelarasan bas masa sebenar
dengan terus menerima data kedudukan yang nilai latitud dan longitud dari satelit
GPS, kemudian menghantar data kedudukan kembali ke pelayan utama dan proses
pelayan data kedudukan mentah ke dalam maklumat masa sebenar untuk pengguna
. Sistem ini dilaksanakan pada Aplikasi Android supaya penumpang dapat melihat
maklumat melalui peranti telefon pintar. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam projek ini
adalah model pembangunan prototaip. Sistem yang dibangunkan dalam projek ini
tidak modul bebas, semua modul perlu mengintegrasikan menjadi satu sistem yang
bekerja. Oleh itu, prototaip dibangunkan dan digunakan untuk sistem penilaian, ujian
dan tambahan. Para pengguna boleh mendapatkan fleksibiliti perjalanan
perancangan menggunakan aplikasi, untuk membuat keputusan di mana bas untuk
mengambil atau bila untuk menangkap bas. Masa menunggu pengguna dapat
dikurangkan. Cara mudah untuk komunikasi adalah ciri utama sistem masa sebenar
penjejakan bas. Lagipun integrasi modul, sistem ini dapat memberikan masa
ketibaan bas yang lebih tepat dan mengurangkan beban kerja yang dilakukan oleh
pihak pengurusan bas.

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: APU Bus Tracking Webpage

Figure 2.2: NIU Bus Tracking Routes
Figure 2.3: NIU Bus Tracking Routes
Figure 2.4: Rice University Bus Tracking apps
Figure 2.5: Singapore Bus Service Webpage
Figure 2.6: Singapore Bus Service Webpage
Figure 3.1: Method Block Diagram
Figure 3.2: Arduino Nano V3.0
Figure 3.3: GPS Module
Figure 3.4: Wi-Fi Module
Figure 3.5: Blynk Server app
Figure 3.6: Blynk Server Layout 1
Figure 3.7: Blynk Server Layout 2
Figure 3.8: MIT Inverter App
Figure 3.9: Database of MIT Inverter App
Figure 3.10: Bus Tracker Icon
Figure 3.11: Bus Tracking App Layout
Figure 3.12: Circuit of Arduino Nano and Wifi Module
Figure 3.13: Block Diagram of System
Figure 3.14: Flowchart of the bus apps
Figure 4.1: Maps in the app
Figure 4.2: Apps Simulation

viii
Figure 4.3: Apps Simulation
Figure 5.1: App Layout
Figure 5.2: GPS Device
Figure 5.3: System Design
Figure 5.4: Apps Layout
Figure 5.5: Real time bus tracking app.
Figure 5.6: Pie chart of Gender
Figure 5.7: Bar graph of age group
Figure 5.8: Bar graph of frequent bus users
Figure 5.9: Pie chart of apps usefulness
Figure 5.10: Pie chart of interface of apps
Figure 5.11: Bar graph of apps implementation
Figure 5.12: Pie chart of accuracy of apps
Figure 5.13: Pie chart of apps innovation
Figure 5.14: Bar graph of Apps rate
Figure 8.1: EEEIC Competition Participants
Figure 8.2: EEEIC Group Members

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 5.1: Estimated cost

Table 8.1: Gantt Chart

x
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGES

Endorsement iii
Declaration iv
Acknowledgement
Abstract vi
Abstrak vii
List of Figures viii
List of Tables x
Table of Contents xi
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Problem Statements 3
1.3 Objectives 4
1.4 Project Scope 5

2 LITERATURE REVIEWS 6
2.1 Analysis on Existing Systems 7
2.1.1 Analysis on ASIA PACIFIC
UNIVERSITY (APU) Bus Tracking System 7
2.1.2 Analysis on Northern Illinois
University (NIU) Bus Tracking System 9
2.1.3 Analysis on Rice University Shuttle
Bus Tracking System 11

2.1.4 Analysis on Singapore Bus Tracking System 13

2.2 Studies on Technology involved 16
2.2.1 Global Positioning System (GPS) 16
2.2.2 Mobile Operating System- Android System 18
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3 METHODOLOGY 20

3.1 Chosen Methodology 20

3.2 Application of Chosen Methodology 21
3.3 Hardware & Software 25
3.3.1 Hardware 25
3.3.2 Software 28
3.4 Circuit 33
3.4.1 Explanation of Circuit 36
3.4.2 Block Diagram 37
3.4.3 Flowchart 38

4 RESULT 39
4.1 Result of Simulation 39

5 ANALYSIS AND DISSCUSSION 40

5.1 Analysis and Discussion 42
5.2 Layout design 43
5.2.1 System Design 43
5.2.2 Apps Design 44
5.3Testing & Troubleshooting 46
5.4 Data questionnaire 48
5.5 Estimation Cost 58

6 CONCLUSION 59
6.1 Conclusion 59
6.2 Future Enhancement 59

REFERENCES 60

APPENDICES 63

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

Among all public transportation services, bus service is the major transportation
used by public. Especially in a busy town or city, bus is the most easy, convenient and
cheaper transportation. Various reasons that people take bus instead of driving own
vehicle such as traffic jam, heavy parking fee and lack of parking slot in destination.

However, bus transportation service has very poor transportation information

system nowadays. Bus user do not know the exactly arrival time for a bus, but only
know the scheduled arrival time. Compare to train or flight transportation system, bus
transportation service does not have a proper system to track all buses position and the
actual arrival time in every bus stops. These problems occur because current bus
service system did not apply real time tracking technology to track on each buses on
the road and also lack of a platform to update latest bus traffic information to bus users.
In order to solve these problems and enhance current bus service system, real time bus
tracking system has to develop and implement. With real time bus tracking system,
bus position data is connected real time and transmitted to a central server for
processing and extracting transit information.
 The main technology used to develop this system is Global Positioning System
(GPS). GPS technology able to receives the position of an object from space-based
satellite navigation system through a GPS receiver. Some programming languages
such as will be used to develop the proposed system.

The developed bus tracking system will able to provide bus users a real time
platform to check on updated bus traffic information, for examples bus arrival or
departure time. Besides, this system also able to reduce workload for bus management
team and provide an immediate platform to update latest and accurate bus traffic
information to bus users.

2
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

One of the problems occurring in current bus service is student did not know
exactly what time a bus will arrive, but only know the scheduled arrival time. Student
needs to wait for a bus without knowing what time the bus will arrive actually.
Sometime, student might feel anxious and impatient when they waiting for a bus if
they do not know what time the bus will arrive especially when student rushing of time
for certain reason.

Additionally, this situation wasted a lot of time when waiting in bus stop because
the time wasted can actually spend on other matter. Besides, current bus management
unable to schedule an accurate bus timetable for passengers. This is because current
bus system is implementing manual tracking on bus arrival time and travel duration
between two bus stops. The estimated arrival time is calculated based on the average
travel duration between two bus stops. It was not accurate because of various
uncertainties will happened on each bus stop. Lack of real time platform is the serious
communication problem between bus user and bus management team.

Without a real time platform, bus management side unable to update latest bus
traffic information for passengers. Passengers also cannot check on the updated bus
schedule if there is a bus delay happens. For example, passengers can choose to walk
to the building he or she want to go instead of waiting for a delay bus if there is a real
time platform for student to know about the bus is delay.

3
1.3 OBJECTIVES

There are several objectives have to be achieved in developing Real Time Bus
Tracking System:-

 To design GPS tracking device to put into bus transportation system.

 To develop smartphone application to check on the arriving time and destination
of the tracked bus.
 To embedded Global Positioning System (GPS) with a Wi-Fi Module
(ESP8266) and program an Arduino Nano Board.
 To design a fully functional real time bus tracker system using the GPS device
and the application is user friendly to passengers.

4
1.4 PROJECT SCOPE

The scope of this project includes 3 different types of technologies which is,
Global Positioning System (GPS) and Wi-Fi Module (ESP8266) and Arduino Nano
Board. This project is focused to design and build the prototype of Real Time Bus
Tracking Application that would be a starting point to build the realistic Real Time
Bus Tracking Application. Therefore, this prototype will cover the scope as followed:-

 Using Arduino Nano to develop network for Real Time Tracking Bus System.

 Using Wi-Fi Module (ESP 8266) to transmit and receive signal.

 Using Blynk Sever to store database of the bus.

 Using GPS to detect the location of the bus.

 Using APPS to display the position and arrival time of the bus.

This project is actually developed for passengers of the free bus around Selangor.
But for this prototype project design, the user is Politeknik Shah Alam students and
frequent bus users around Shah Alam for testing.

5
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Bus transportation service is every way, but without a good bus management
system, bus service may not fully utilize. In our country, majority bus service providers
are not performing real time bus tracking. They only provide scheduled timetable
which is not accurate in real time.

However, there is a University in Malaysia successfully implemented real time

bus tracking system. In oversea countries, there are many university implemented real
time tracking system for shuttle bus service. Thus, studies are performed on the bus
tracking system implemented by Asia Pacific University (APU) in Malaysia, Northern
Illinois University (NIU) located in USA and Rice University in Texas, USA.

Study also performed on Singapore Bus Service (SBS) Transit. It provided an

application called Intelligence Route Information System (iris NextBus) for Singapore
bus users to find out estimated bus arrival time. Iris NextBus also available in mobile
application and study is emphasized on it mobile application. Besides, studies are also
performed on technologies involved and methodology applies in the proposed system

6
2.1 ANALYSIS ON EXISTING SYSTEMS

There are existing bus tracking systems implemented by Asia Pacific University
(APU), Northern Illinois University (NIU), Rice University and Singapore Bus Service
(SBS). Studies in detailed are performed and stated as following.

2.1.1 ANALYSIS ON ASIA PACIFIC UNIVERSITY (APU) BUS TRACKING

SYSTEM

Figure 2.1 : APU Bus Tracking Webpage

It is built in a web page with Google Map embedded. The web page allows APU
students to check on bus traffic status anytime in anywhere as long as use a device
with browser and Internet accessibility. There are bus icons allocated inside the map
and those icons indicated that a particular bus real time position. The bus plate number
is linked with every bus icon in the map. It is to ensure that student take the right bus
with bus plate number verification.

7
 When the bus is reach a bus stop because different bus will move to different
route. Next, there is a bus timetable in right hand side of the web page. Show student
about the bus arrival time in each bus stop. The most important feature is the web page
will automatically refresh every 5 second. However, this system still got limitations.
The timetable provided in this system is still the scheduled time of departure for each
bus stop. This system still unable to provide the exactly arrival time for each buses
based on the exactly position of bus. But at least students can confirm that a bus is
approaching to a bus stop based on the movement of a bus icon in the map. Second,
this web page only shows the most important destination bus stop of a bus route but
do not show the whole bus route to student. Student might not know others bus stop is
on which bus route.

Moreover, beside those main destination bus stop. Many others small bus stop
does not show in the map. If the student does not know how to refer on map, the student
will not know where is the bus stop allocated in map and which bus should take. If
there is bus stop icon in the map, this problem will solved. The APU bus tracking
system will be the design fundamental for proposed system. Since APU bus tracking
system operating in same environment (University bus service), the design of system
will be suitable to build for proposed system in this project.

8
2.1.2 ANALYSIS ON NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY (NIU) BUS
TRACKING SYSTEM

Figure 2.2: NIU Bus Tracking Routes

Figure 2.3: NIU Bus Tracking Routes

The bus tracking system show in Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3 is developed by
Northern Illinois University. The uniqueness of NIU bus tracking system is the map is
not using Google Map, but use jpg format map converted from Google Map. The
purpose of using jpg map is to use different map to show different bus route. In Figure
2.2 is showing the “Route 4” bus route and the map in Figure 2.3 are showing “Route
1” bus route. In Figure 2.3, there are two type of bus icon.

9
 One of the bus icons with shadow is indicate that the bus is moving and the bus
icon without shadow is not moving. The bus information will show on a pop-up box
when user place mouse cursor on a bus icon. Moreover, there are orange colour dot
beside the bus route and those dot is represent bus stops in the map. One of the
strengths for NIU bus tracking system is the web page does not refresh when updating
bus position. It is using a real time programming skill to update the bus icon position
in the map without reload the whole map image. Second advantage is this bus tracking
system divided different bus route into different map image. This can clearly show the
bus route to users which the bus will go to. Moreover, there are bus stop icons allocated
among the bus route. User can easily know where the bus stops are located and able to
know which bus stop is belonging to which bus route.

Lastly, the bus icons differentiate with shadow. The bus icon with shadow mean
it is moving and another one without shadow is not moving. User may know about the
bus is moving or not. If the bus is not moving, user might try rush to the bus stop to
take the bus. However, one of the drawbacks of this system is it does not show the bus
arrival time or bus timetable on the web page. It is a big problem if a bus user does not
know how to estimate the bus arrival time based on the movement of a bus icon in the
map. Furthermore, it does not show whether the bus is on service or not. If the bus is
out of service, the icon in the map will just not moving. But users do not know it is out
of service and user might wait for the bus. It shells put information to show user about
bus traffic status.

Different bus will have different route, if all buses is moving in a single map.
Users might felt confusing to look for the bus the user wants to take. Thus, the
advantage of NIU bus tracking system will be needed for proposed system.
Differentiate different bus route with different map will show better information to
users. Users can filter the bus route the user want to go and look of the correct bus
which need to take.

10
2.1.3 ANALYSIS ON RICE UNIVERSITY SHUTTLE BUS TRACKNING
SYSTEM

Figure 2.4: Rice University Bus Tracking apps

The shuttle bus tracking system show in is developed by Rice University located
in Texas, USA. The system is built in web page embedded with Google Map and
simple interface to show bus services information. The map is showing the campus
area of Rice University and the position of buses. The strength of Rice University
tracking system is the bus position update speed. Every bus icon is the map will update
location with interval 2 seconds. It is very fast update speed compare with other bus
tracking system available. With high update speed, the bus icons seem like moving in
the map from user point of view. Moreover, the map allow user to zoom in and zoom
out without affect bus icons update speed. When user zooms in to look at particular
area, the bus icon update speed is still the same. There are few different bus icons with
different colour in the map. Each colour indicates different bus service and different
route in the campus. In the right hand side of the web page, there are few tab boxes to
show user about different shuttle bus service information. The information included
bus route and bus scheduled arrival time.

11
 The weaknesses of Rice University Shuttle tracking system is it do not show bus
routes in the map. User will not know where the buses moving to if user do not know
about the bus route. Those bus stops also not available in the map, this will be difficult
for some users that do not know where the bus stop allocated in the map. Another
drawback of this system is it does not show the real time bus arrival time to user. User
has to estimate the bus arrival time by the movement of a bus icon in the map. In the
proposed system, bus position and arrival time update speed is very important to
determine accurately of the system. Faster update speed will increase the level of real
time information system. Thus, the update speed of Rice university shuttle tracking
system will be as an example for proposed system.

However, update speed more depends on Internet access speed. Therefore, the
initial update speed for proposed system will be set to 3 seconds interval instead of the
faster update speed with 2 seconds interval.

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2.1.4 ANALYSIS ON SINGAPORE BUS SERVICE (SBS - iris NextBus)
SYSTEM

Figure 2.5: Singapore Bus Service Webpage

13
 Figure 2.6: Singapore Bus Service Webpage

Singapore Bus Service (SBS) iris NextBus application is a public bus tracking
system developed by Singapore bus service operator. Iris is the acronym for
Intelligence Route Information System (SBS Transit).This system provided bus traffic
information to Singaporeans and travellers. Provided a real time platform to check on
bus traffic status and enhance travel experience to users. SBS iris NextBus application
is available in two different platforms, which are web page and mobile application.
For web page version, there are two options to let user find out the estimated arrival
time. First option is let user choose from a list when user do not know about the service
number and the bus stop number which show in Figure 2.5. First step, choose service
number to query database. Next, choose the direction if there are different direction
for the bus service chosen in first step and last step is select the bus stop number which
user wish to find out. Finally the web page will refresh and the estimated arrival time
is shown. It also showed the subsequent bus arrival time for users.

14
 In Figure 2.6 show the second option to find out the bus arrival time. This option
allows users to enter service number and bus stop number directly if the user knows
about the bus service and bus top number. Press on “GO” button, the web page will
refresh and show the details for the bus service enter by user. Both option results will
also show the time for next bus arrival at the bottom side.

The advantage of SBS iris NextBus application is it allows user to manually

search for a particular bus route or bus stop arrival time. Users can search for the bus
which the user wants only, so it won’t confuse users with whole list of bus arrival time
that user do not needs to know. This advantage can help user to reduce data loading
when requesting for bus traffic data, because it only show the information which the
user want to know. Moreover, the system clearly shows every bus stop with bus stop
number and location to users so that user able to know which bus stop it is.

Provided mobile application version. User can use mobile device to check on
bus arrival time in every way instead of using computer. There are limitation on this
system, it is the user has to know the exactly location name, bus stop number and bus
route in order to use this system. Because this system is not view in map, so that user
has too familiar with the bus route or bus stop number to request for correct bus traffic
information from this application. The mobile application version of SBS iris NextBus
system will be needed to the proposed system. Nowadays, every people at least will
hold one smart phone on hand. Thus, it is better to have mobile application version for
an efficient system.

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2.2 STUDIES ON TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED

In order to build a system, studies on major technologies are needed. There are
Global Positioning System (GPS) and Android mobile application platform. Studies
in detailed are stated as following.

2.2.1 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

GPS is a satellite based navigator system developed by the Department of

Defence of USA. Initially is designed to assist coordination of location for military
plane and ship worldwide. Today, GPS feature was extended into commercial and
scientific field. Commercially, GPS was used for navigation and as a position tool for
vehicle, plane and ship (Maggi Glasscoe, 1998). In order to receive GPS data from
satellite, a device called GPS receiver is needed. Nowadays, almost every Smartphone
in market is embedded with GPS receiver. The GPS Satellites System GPS uses 27
satellites (24 active, 3 are meant for backup) to allocate position request by GPS
receiver. The 24 satellites are orbiting the earth about 20,000 km above the Earth. They
are constantly moving, making two complete orbits in less than 24 hours. These
satellites are traveling at speed of about 7,000 miles per hour. GPS satellites are
powered by solar energy. The GPS system also called NAVSTAR, the official name
of GPS by U.S. Department of Defence. (GARMIN)The accuracy of position tracking
by satellites will affected by certain atmospheric factor, typically a normal GPS
receiver receive position accurate are within 15 meters. Nowadays, newer GPS
receiver is developed and enhanced to receive position data with accurate level within
3 meters on average.

16
 2.2.1.1 Assisted GPS (A-GPS)

Assisted GPS is a technology to enhance the performance of standard GPS.

Typically A-GPS is implemented in devices connected to the cellular network, which
is the mobile device or smart phone nowadays. Originally, GPS receiver build-in in
smart phone will receive the position data from satellites when the smart phone request
for position information. If there is a case inside a city with many building around, the
signal transmit from satellites will be reflected by the building before reach the smart
phone. Thus, Assisted GPS is developed to overcome this problem. To allow smart
phone users to obtain faster position information in their phone, A-GPS acquires
information about the location from satellites and stores within the cellular network so
that the information does not need to download from satellites when users request it.
Beside of directly receive position from satellites, A-GPS uses proximity distance
between cellular towers and the requesting smart phone to calculate the position for
the smart phone requesting of position information. (Fred Zahradnik

2.2.1.2 GPS Position Measurement.

Latitude and longitude are primary denoted in degrees. However, the increment
is expressed as minutes and seconds when less than one degree. It also can convert to
decimal for calculation. Latitude lines is measure north and south between the pole,
while longitude lines is measure the west and east position .For example, the latitude
and longitude position of Kampar McDonald would be 4 º 19' 34.5972" N, 101 º 8 '
40.7544" W. It can be read as latitude 4 degree 19 minutes 34.5972 seconds, longitude
101 degree 8 minutes 40.7544 seconds. It can also convert to decimal, latitude
4.326277407216858 and longitude 101.14465355873108 (data taken from:
http://locates.com.au/gps.html )

17
In bus tracking system, bus positioning module will install in a smart phone with GPS
feature. This module will active GPS receiver in the smart phone and continuously
receive the position data from satellite system by the GPS receiver and send to central
server with interval 2 seconds.

2.2.2 MOBILE APPLICATION PLATFORM - ANDROID OPERATING

SYSTEM

Android is a Linux based operating system developed by Google. Typically,

Android was designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as smart phone
and tablet. Nowadays, Android was developed until version 4.2. It also called Jelly
Bean. According to a smart phone usage statistics done by an author named Anson
Alexander, Android has to highest market share in year 2012 (Anson Alexander,
2012). There are some reason why Android is better then iOS is stated into a list in as
follow (Simon Hill, 2013).

1. Multiple devices - Android operating system is applicable for variety of smart phone
such as Samsung, HTC and Sony.
2. Multiple price points - Because of multiple devices are supporting Android
operating system, variety of model is available in market from low price to higher
price. So that, user can buys an Android phone according budget.
3. Customization - Android is always allowed user to have customization on Android
platform smart phone while iOS phone want to keep control from customization by
user.
4. Integrated with Google services - Android phone is integrated with some Google
services such as Google Map, Google mail, Google Drive and so on.

18
 There is another statistics shown that how smart phone user used their smart
phone in daily life (Anson Alexander, 2013). The statistics showed that 72% of smart
phone users are using their smart phone for map and it is the second higher. This
number showing that most smart phone users are using their smart phone to allocated
their position or showing the direction to a destination. People tend to use smart phone
instead of pure GPS devices for position allocation, this is because today smart phone
is embedded with GPS feature (James Kendrick, 2011).

In term of development for GPS application in Android operating system

platform, Google was provided very convenient tools for developers to develop
application with GPS feature (Android Developers, n.d.). Developer can easily
customize the GPS feature according to their needs. Besides, Google is also provided
Google Map for developers. Once Google Map is plugged into application, user can
easily retrieve map in anywhere over the world. In bus tracking system, Android has
been chosen for mobile application version of the system. This is because of the
advantages provided by Android stated above.

Firstly, Android is applicable for multiple devices and also with wide range of
prices for different model and specification of phone. With this point, it can say that
every person is able to own an Android phone. Additionally, most Android smart
phone model available in market is embedded with GPS feature. Furthermore, GPS
feature can easily created by developer because of useful tools provided by Google.
Therefore, Android platform is chosen for the mobile application version of the
proposed system.

19
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

The methodology chosen must be suitable for the development of the system as
the methodology will step-by-step guide developer and developer must follow in order
to develop and deliver the system successfully. In this chapter, chosen methodology
will be discussed in the development of the Real Time Bus Tracking Application
System.

3.1 CHOSEN METHODOLOGY

After studies on suitable methodologies, prototype development methodology is

chosen. The reason in choosing this methodology is because of the advantages
provided by this methodology will assist the development of proposed system to
success path. The main reason to choose prototyping is because the proposed system
will involve more user interaction in order to acquire more user feedbacks and able to
produce a successful system under user expectations. In development processes of
Real Time Bus Tracking System, there are many uncertainly existed. In the bus
tracking process, there would be many errors or unexpected results occur and this will
affect the accuracy of estimated bus arrival time for users. In Users perspective, the
accuracy of estimated arrival time will determine the success of the system. Therefore,
prototyping approach is suitable to test on acceptation of final system from users.

20
 Figure 3.1 : Method Block Diagram

3.2 APPLICATION OF CHOSEN METHODOLOGY

There are 4 stages in prototyping development methodology which are planning,

analysis, design and final system implementation. Every stages are discussed in
detailed in this section.

3.2.1 STAGE 1 - PLANNING

Planning has been done in first stage. After discussion with project supervisor,
the name for proposed project “Real Time Bus Tracking System” is produced. After
confirmation of project title, studies on existing bus tracking system are performed.
Unfortunately, there is only one University in Malaysia provided bus tracking system
on shuttle bus service. So, studies on existing system are performed on few foreign
countries and Universities. The fundamental of proposed system was clearly verified
after studies performed on existing system. Based on studies performed on existing
system, some common problems were found and problem statements were generated.

21
The estimated bus arrival time is very important to determine the performance of bus
service.

Bus user have to know what is the exactly time the bus will arrive on bus stop.
Provided real time bus tracking in map view instead of just showing timetable to user.
Based on the studies, we can say that graphically view on bus tracking systems is one
of the main expectations from user. By showing bus position is a map, user can know
where exactly the bus now and how far or how long the bus will arrive. Scope of the
project was done in planning stage too. However, there is a problem within the project
scope. Because of the proposed project is focused on a certain bus. So, the map was
maybe circulated to a smaller area.

Since we can use Google maps, so not much of problem will occur. Based on
problem statements, objective of proposed system had been clarified. It is to design an
application to help the users track and see their bus available. Finally, the final project
scope was identified to meet the project objectives and overcome the problems on
problem statements.

3.2.2 STAGE 2 - ANALYSIS

In this stage, analyses on existing systems have been made. Few bus tracking
systems available had been studied and the main system requirements had been
founded. User want to know where is the position of the bus before arrive and showing
bus position in a map is more meaningful instead of just showing estimated arrival
time. Besides, observation on current bus system has been made. Users only know
about the scheduled arrival time but somehow the bus is not arrived on time. Users
would feel impatient while waiting at bus stop. Thus, functional and non-functional
requirements are gathered from observation and interview. Next, literature reviews in
term of technologies, suitable programming language, platforms and methodologies
are made.

22
 This is done to ensure that the proposed system delivered matches the user’s
requirements and expectations.

A study on technology needed is to know how the technology work and make
use of it in proposed system. Study on suitable programming language and different
platforms are important to ensure that the programming language is sufficient to build
the proposed system and how to integrate different modules with different platforms
into a meaningful system to provide useful information to user. Finally, study on
suitable methodology is to understand more about the chosen methodology in aiding
the proposed system development processes.

3.2.3 STAGE 3 - DESIGN

The development of proposed system is begun and functional system has to be

developed in this stage. In prototyping methodology, this design stage will be the
prototyping loop point and the first prototype is developed in the first loop. After the
first prototype has been evaluated by user and came out with new requirements,
development process will loop back to this stage. Redesign and rebuild the second
prototype. In the first prototype design process, prototype is developed based on the
main requirements acquired at stage 2. Prototyping is only focus on functionality of
system instead of focus on user interface. Thus, prototype is build with simple interface
and more effort will put on functions and features modules of the system. The next
step would be the design of database; the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) must be
design so that the entities can be extracted. Primary key and foreign key of each table
should be assigned in order to draft out the relationship for every table in database. So
that we can know that which data is needed to be process and which data should be
shown to the user. Besides, normalization must be performed in order to create a
smooth and efficiency database.

A test plan for first prototype must be designed so that testing can be done once
the first prototype is developed. In prototyping model, test plan is create based on

23
different prototype. This is because new version prototype will have new requirements
and the first test plan will be specifically tested on first prototype requirements.

3.2.4 STAGE 4 - IMPLEMENTATION

This stage is executed when the prototype is accepted by users. When the latest
version of prototype is satisfied user requirements, development process will jump out
from prototyping loop. The final system will then developed based on the accepted
prototype. The accepted prototype will became the fundamental of final system and
the user interface of final system will be enhanced. Functionalities in the accepted
prototype will fully apply into final system. After final system is developed, final
testing will be performed. Go through the final testing, the final system is ready to
deploy and implement into real operating environment. Finally, the whole processes
of development must be documented so that the system can be easily maintained in
future

24
3.3 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

3.3.1 HARDWARE
The hardware used in this project is Arduino Nano V3.0 , Wi-Fi Module
(ESP8266) and a GPS Module (GY-NEO6Mv2).

3.3.1.1 Arduino Nano V3.0

It lacks only a DC power jack, and works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a
standard one.The Arduino Nano can be powered via the Mini-B USB connection, 6-
20V unregulated external power supply (pin 30), or 5V regulated external power
supply (pin 27). The power source is automatically selected to the highest voltage
source.

Figure 3.2 : Arduino Nano V3.0

25
 3.3.1.2 GPS Module (GY-NEO6Mv2)

The NEO-6 module series is a family of stand-alone GPS receivers featuring

the high performance u-blox 6 positioning engine. These flexible and cost effective
receivers offer numerous connectivity options. Innovative design and technology
suppresses jamming sources and mitigates multipath effects, giving NEO-6 GPS
receivers excellent navigation performance even in the most challenging
environments

Figure 3.3: GPS Module

26
 3.3.1.3 WIFI Module (ESP8266)

The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP
protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi network.
The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi
networking functions from another application processor. This module has a
powerful enough on-board processing and storage capability that allows it to be
integrated with the sensors and other application specific devices through its
GPIOs with minimal development up-front and minimal loading during runtime.

Figure 3.4: Wi-Fi Module

27
3.3.2 SOFTWARE

Two type of software’s used in our Real Time Bus Tracking System are -

 Blynk Server
 MIT App Inverter 2

3.3.2.1 BLYNK Server

Blynk is a Platform with iOS and Android apps to control Arduino, Raspberry
Pi and the likes over the Internet.It's a digital dashboard where you can build a graphic
interface for your project by simply dragging and dropping widgets.

Blynk is not tied to some specific board or shield. Instead, it's supporting
hardware of your choice. Whether your Arduino or Raspberry Pi is linked to the
Internet over Wi-Fi, Ethernet or this new ESP8266 chip, Blynk will get you online and
ready for the app.
.

28
 Figure 3.5: Blynk Server app

After the blynk application is downloaded .The new account will be created.
After that, the server will be activated and linked with the GPS tracker device. After a
few setup in the BLYNK application .The value of the latitude and longitude will be
display on the application, as the GPS tracker device moves around the value of the
latitude and longitude will be changed according to the location.

29
 Figure 3.6: Blynk Server Layout 1
Figure 3.6 shows the application was selected and it will show ‘create a new account’.
After the account created, we can access the BLYNK server.

30
 Figure 3.7: Blynk Server Layout 2

The Figure 3.7 show the Latitude and Longitude value entered. The value v0 will
show the latitude value and the value V1 will shows the value of longitude.

31
3.3.2.2 MIT APP INVENTOR 2

Figure 3.8: MIT Inverter App

Figure 3.8 shows the software that we use to develop a basic application
for the real time bus tracking system

32
 Figure 3.9: Database of MIT Inverter App

Figure 3.9 shows the application database. The application database

will be in block. This Block diagram don’t have a long coding. Drag and
Drop the block to create program.

33
 Figure 3.10: Bus Tracker Icon

The figure 3.10 above shows the icon of the real time bus application System.
The application still in an apk.file format. The application in process to publish in The
GOOGLE PLAY STORE.

34
 Figure 3.11: Bus Tracking App Layout

In figure 3.11 shows the basic application which was developed using the Mit
app inventor 2.The application has a basic layout which shows the bus number and the
map was linked with the GOOGLE MAPS. The application will show the distance and
the time arrival. This feature works due to the application was linked with the Google
Maps. As the bus coming to the application user location, the time arrival and the
distance will be reduced.

35
 3.4 CIRCUIT

Figure 3.12: Circuit of Arduino and Wifi Module

3.4.1 CIRCUIT EXPLAINATION

Here Tx pin of GPS module is directly connected to digital pin number 10 of

Arduino. By using Software Serial Library here, we have allowed serial
communication on pin 10 and 11, and made them Rx and Tx respectively and left the
Rx pin of GPS Module open. By default Pin 0 and 1 of Arduino are used for serial
communication but by using Software Serial library, we can allow serial
communication on other digital pins of the Arduino. 12 Volt adaptor is used to power
the GPS Module. Wi-Fi module ESP8266’s Vcc and GND pins are directly connected
to 3.3V and GND of Arduino and CH_PD is also connected with 3.3V. Tx and Rx pins
of ESP8266 are directly connected to pin 2 and 3 of Arduino. Software Serial Library
is also used here to allow serial communication on pin 2 and 3 of Arduino.

36
 3.4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 3.13: Block Diagram of System

This is the proposed block diagram where we can see the Real time GPS Tracker
is placed on the bus. This GPS will be connected to the bus and it’s WIFI. Then
through the Gateway GPRS System Network will fetch the position of the bus. The
GGSN is server. This is shown on our application integrated with Google Maps
which is connected to a WIFI or Internet connection.

37
 3.4.3 FLOWCHART

Figure 3.14: Flowchart of the bus apps

As you can see, this is how the application will function. At first when the app
is started, the splash screen appears and the homepage is loaded. Then it will fetch
the selected bus route from the server. If the bus is available then the app will show
the current location on the map together with the estimated time of arrival. If the
bus is not available, then it will display not valid bus. After using the app, when
user closes the app, it is exited. And the process starts again when the app is opened
again.

38
 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS

4.1 Results of simulation

Figure 4.1: App Layout

What we expect for our results is the design of the application which has a
friendly user interface. And as stated in our project proposal which is to link that
application to Google Maps in order to show the accurate timing of the awaited bus.
User can now be able to download it from the Google Play Store to get the fully
functional app. The applicaton will also be able to show the routes and where the bus
will be heading or how long would it take to arrive.

39
 Real time Bus Tracking Apps
Location and Data

Figure 4.2 Apps Simulation

The figure 4.2 above shows the simulation of the bus tracking application system
works on a smartphone. The application was installed in smartphone from the
Google Play Store. After the application was installed we can see the application
icon on the home screen. Before the application is opened, the data and the GPS
location on the smartphone should open.

40
 Figure 4.3: Apps Simulation

Figure above shows the real time bus tracking application system.
After the application was opened, the Google map will pop out. The two
bus name will displays above the Google maps. When the GPS device
was connected to the Wi-fi in the bus .When the bus route is online,
the application will show a status online or offline. If the bus route
is online it will show online .If the bus route offline it will show offline
above the application.

41
 CHAPTER 5

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Based on testing the real time bus tracker system it will be show the signal
transmit and receive from the GPS satellite .This testing was done by 2 parts which is
indoor and outdoor.The bus tracker device will get a high GPS signal when it placed
in out door while low signal indoor.

5.1.1 Analysis problem

 No supply power in the real time bus tracker device.

 Low signal strength of GPS module in the real time tracker.

 HTTP connection is slow

 Bad weather condition make the GPS tracker loss connection.

42
5.2 LAYOUT DESIGN

5.2.1 SYSTEM DESIGN

System design is one of the most important things that developer has to do before
develop a system. A good system design may give a good startup and able to cope with
system requirements. In this chapter, system design would be introduced. System and
Application design of the system will be explained. Based on the figure below, this
real time bus tracker device is integrated with new trend technology such as wifi
module ESP8266, Arduino Nano and Global Positioning System (GPS) module .

Figure 5.1: GPS Device

43
 Figure 5.2 :System Design

The GPS device has Arduino Nano, GPS Module and WIFI Module (ESP8266).It
receive signals of latitude and longitude from sattelite and the gps antenna from GPS
Module will send the location through Arduino board. Then the information will be
sent to the server through the WiFi Module and the information is displayed on our
bus app.

44
5.2.2APPLICATION DESIGN

The interface design of the application mustbe simple as possible so that the bus user
able to get information easily.The interface design of the application must be
consistency so that the bus user able to remember where are the position of important
information is and no need to relearn the application

Application title

Bus number Bus

number

Maps

Figure 5.3 Apps Layout

45
 5.3 TESTING AND TROUBLESHOOTING

The real time bus tracking system is impletmented using the software platforms
and tools introduced in previous section.The application successfully installed on
Android smartphones.The Blynk server is setup o Internet to simulate the transit
control center where the database is hosted. PRE- testing once the application was on
the Blynk server start to receive data from the GPS device and send it the the
application.The bus user applicationMust enable the Gps receiver on the phone to
retrieve the current location and the distance ,time arrival of the bus.

There were some problem that we facing for the application system.The
Map size was to small and the location of the bus was not accurate. We troubleshoot
the application system and find out there are some errors in the coding of the
application.

46
Figure 5.4 : Real time bus tracking app.

47
5.4 DATA QUESTIONNAIRE

Section A
QUESTION 1

GENDER

FEMALE MALE MALE

50% 50% FEMALE

Figure 5.5. : Pie chart of Gender

The diagram above shows 50 respondents from Politeknik Shah Alam who have
given their response. According to the pie chart above, the gender of respondents
consist of male and female, which is 50% of male (25 peoples) and 50% of female (25
peoples).

48
QUESTION 2

what smartphone do you use?

IOS
10%

ANDROID
IOS

ANDROID
90%

Figure 5.6: Pie chart of Gender

The diagram above shows 50 respondents from Politeknik Shah Alam who have
given their response According to the pie chart above, the smartphone of respondents
consist of ios and android. The number of male respondent are 90% (45 person) and
female are 10%(5 person). From this pie chart we can conclude that most of the
respondents using android phones which they able to use this app.

49
QUESTION 3

AGE
30

25
NUMBER O RESPONDENT

25
23
20

15

10

5
2 0
0
<20 21-30 41-50 >50

Figure 5.7 : Bar graph of age group

The diagram above shows 50 respondents from Politeknik Shah Alam who have
given their response The diagram above shows the age group of respondents consists
of 4 groups. That are <20, 21-30, 41-50 and >55 above. Group <20 ages are 25
respondents which is 50% of the respondents, 23respondents comes from group 21-30
which is 46% while for group 41-50 consists of 2 respondents only.

50
QUESTION 4

How frequent do you use the bus?

35 32
30
25
20
15 13

10
5
5
0

EVERYDAY ONCE or TWICE a week NEVER

Figure 5.8 : Bar graph of frequent bus users

The diagram above shows 50 respondents from Politeknik Shah Alam who have
given their response The diagram above shows “how frequent do you use the bus”,
group of respondents consists of 3groups. That are everyday, once or twice a week and
never. For group everday are 13 respondents which is 26% of the respondents, 32
respondents comes from group once or twice a week which is 64% while for group
never consists of 5 respondents only. From this we can conclude that most of the
respondents using bus once or twice a week.

51
Section B

QUESTION 1

I find this bus tracking apps useful?

10, 20% 5, 10%

5, 10%

STRONGLY DISAGREE
DISAGREE
NEUTRAL
AGREE
20, 40%
10, 20%
STRONGLY AGREE

Figure 5.9 : Pie chart of apps usefulness

The diagram above shows 50 respondents from Politeknik Shah Alam who have
given their response by strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and strongly agree
to the survey about the statement that states “I find this Bus Tracking Apps useful.”
Among 50 respondent, 5 of them is strongly disagreed to this statement and 5 of them
disagreed to this statement. 10 of them respondents neutral about the statement that
state. The number of respondents who agreed with the statement are 20 of them and
the pie chart above clearly shows that only 10 respondent among 50 respondent
strongly agreed with this statement. From this pie chart we can conclude that most of
the agree that this app is useful.

52
QUESTION 2

THE APPLICATION USER INTERFACE

FRIENDLY AND SIMPLE
3, 9%

STRONGLY DISAGREE

10, 30% DISAGREE

14, 43%
NEUTRAL

5, 15% AGREE
STRONGLY DISAGREE

1, 3%

Figure 5.10 : Pie chart of interface of apps

The diagram above shows 50 respondents from POLITEKNIK SHAH ALAM

who have given their response by strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and
strongly agree to the survey about the statement that states “The application user
interface friendly and simple.” 14 of them is strongly disagreed the statement and 1 of
them disagreed that “The application user interface friendly and simple”. Among 50
respondent, 5 of them response neutral about this statement. The number of respondent
who agreed with the statement are 10 of them and the pie chart above clearly shows
that only 20 respondent among 50 respondent strongly agreed that “The application
user interface friendly and simple”.

53
QUESTION 3

with this implementation of apps,

waiting for the bus is easier
30
25
NUMBER OF RESPONDENT

25

20

15 12
10
10

5 3
0
0
STRONGLY DISAGREE NEUTRAL AGREE STRONGLY
DISAGREE AGREE

Figure 5.11 : Bar graph of apps implementation

The diagram above shows 50 respondents from POLITEKNIK SHAH ALAM

who have given their response by strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and
strongly agree to the survey about the statement that states “with this implementation
of apps, waiting for the bus is easier”. Among 50 respondent, no one is strongly
disagreed the statement and 3 of them disagreed that “with this implementation of
apps, waiting for the bus is easier”. 25 of them response neutral about the statement
that states. The number of respondent who agreed with the statement are 10 of them
and the bar graph above clearly shows that 12 respondent among 50 respondent
strongly agreed to this statement. From this bar chart we can conclude that most of the
respondents response neutral because this application user interface friendly and
simple.

54
QUESTION 4

THE APPS SHOWS THE EXACT LOCATION

AND TIME OF ARRIVAL OF THE BUS
STRONLGY
AGREE
20% STRONGLY
STRONGLY DISAGREE
DISAGREE
AGREE NEUTRAL
20%
AGREE
STRONLGY AGREE
NEUTRAL DISAGREE
0% 30%

Figure 5.12: Pie chart of accuracy of apps

The diagram above shows 50 respondents from POLITEKNIK SHAH ALAM

who have given their response by strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and
strongly agree to the survey about the statement that states “the apps shows the exact
location and time of arrival of the bus.” The percentage of the respondents who
strongly disagreed to the statement is 30% and 30% of them disagreed to this
statement. The percentage of respondent who agreed with the statement are 20% of
them and the pie graph above clearly shows that 20% respondents among 50
respondent strongly agreed to this statement. From this we can conclude that most of
them disagree with this statement because this app not showing accurate location of
the bus.

55
QUESTION 5

THE APPEARANCE OF THE APPS INNOVATIVE

AGREE
10% STRONLGY AGREE
0%

STRONGLY DISAGREE
DISAGREE
STRONGLY DISAGREE NEUTRAL
40%
AGREE
NEUTRAL STRONLGY AGREE
40%

DISAGREE
10%

Figure 5.13 : Pie chart of apps innovation

The diagram above shows 50 respondents from POLITEKNIK SHAH ALAM

who have given their response by strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and
strongly agree to the survey about the statement that states “the appearance of the apps
innovative.” The percentage of the respondents who strongly disagreed to the
statement is 40% and 10% of them disagreed to this statement. The percentage of the
respondents who choose neutral are 40%. The percentage of respondent who agreed
with the statement are 10% of them and the pie graph above clearly shows that 0%
respondent among 50 respondent strongly agreed. From this chart we can conclude
that most of the respondent didn’t find the appearance of this app is less innovative.

56
QUESTION 6

The apps is recommendable

30

25
25
NUMBER OF RESPONDENT

20

15
12
10
10

5
2
1
0
STRONGLY DISAGREE NEUTRAL AGREE STRONGLY AGREE
DISAGREE

Figure 5.14 : Bar graph of Apps rate

The diagram above shows 50 respondents from POLITEKNIK SHAH ALAM

who have given their response by strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and
strongly agree to the survey about the statement that states “this app is
recommendable.” The percentage of the respondents who strongly disagreed to the
statement is 2% and 4% of them disagreed to this statement. The percentage of the
respondents who choose neutral are 50%. The percentage of respondent who agreed
with the statement are 20% of them and the pie graph above clearly shows that 24%
respondent among 50 respondent strongly agreed. From this chart we can conclude
that most of the respondents response neutral , this is because this app is useful for
future and bus users.

57
5.5 ESTIMATION COST

Table below shown as total cost from bill of material has been listed and
calculated. The item that we used in real time tracking application device also listed
on this table. Our budget is around RM 700 but the total cost that used by us for
fulfilled real time application is RM 227.80 for one device. Since we did two device
so it cost RM 455.60, for the extra balanced of money was used for transportation and
preparation Electrical Electronic Engineering Innovation Competition (EEEIC) 2017.

Hardware Price of per unit

WIFI MODULE RM 30.50

(ESP8266)
GPS MODULE RM 109.90

ARDUINO NANO RM 35.40

CASING RM 50

CONNECTING WIRE RM 3
(3METERS)

TOTAL : RM 227.80

Table 5.1: Estimated cost

58
 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

While waiting for a bus, people may felt impatient and anxious if he or she does
not know when the bus will arrive. For the bus management side, it is very difficult to
provide an accurate schedule for bus user due to some uncertainties may happen on
the road such as traffic jam or bus break down. When a bus is delayed, bus
management side should inform bus user immediately. However, they do not have a
platform to inform bus user in real time about the latest bus traffic status. In order to
enhance bus system and increase the performance of bus service provider, the bus
tracking system is needed. Bus tracking system provided a real time platform for bus
user to check on bus traffic status in anytime and anywhere. It also provided a platform
for bus service provider to monitor bus status and update latest information to user.

6.1 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

The estimated bus arrival time is based on the average of arrival time in every
bus stop in current version of system and it is not the most accurate estimated time.
Because the current system does not consider about unexpected situation happened on
the road such as traffic status and bus users boarding status. In future, the system will
enhance to provide more accurate estimated arrival time to user. There are many other
enhancements for the proposed system, one of the important enhancement would be
create an artificial intelligence program to automatically study and analysis bus route
data to provide most optimum estimate arrival time. By applying artificial intelligence
program, the system will become more valuable because of the accuracy of estimation
on arrival time.
59
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 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

Figure 8.1: EEEIC Competition Participants

63
Figure 8.2: EEEIC Group Members

64
 APPENDIX B

No Activity Status WEEKS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Hardware of project was done. R
L
2 Programming of project was R
done. L
3 WIFI MODULE was changed R
to new one. L
4. Sever for project had minor R
problem. And was changed to L
a new one.
5 Android Application is R
redesigned. L
6 Programming for ARDUINO R
Nano was shortened. L
7 Connected to the application R
and device via the server. L
8 Test application and device R
part by part. L
9 Testing of the whole system at R
different places. L
10 Get permission from Smart R
Selangor Bus to put device in. L
11 Connect the device through R
the bus WIFI. Status of device L
will be online.
12 Test the system by monitoring R
the Android Apps. L
13 Final Presentation R
L
14 Complete data and analysis is R
produced. L
15 R

TABLE 8.1: Gantt Chart

65