02-Numpy Indexing and Selection
March 24, 2024
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1 NumPy Indexing and Selection
In this lecture we will discuss how to select elements or groups of elements from an array.
[2]: import numpy as np
[3]: #Creating sample array
arr = np.arange(0,11)
[4]: #Show
arr
[4]: array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
1.1 Bracket Indexing and Selection
The simplest way to pick one or some elements of an array looks very similar to python lists:
[5]: #Get a value at an index
arr[8]
[5]: 8
[6]: #Get values in a range
arr[1:5]
[6]: array([1, 2, 3, 4])
[7]: #Get values in a range
arr[0:5]
[7]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
1.2 Broadcasting
Numpy arrays differ from a normal Python list because of their ability to broadcast:
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[8]: #Setting a value with index range (Broadcasting)
arr[0:5]=100
#Show
arr
[8]: array([100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
[9]: # Reset array, we'll see why I had to reset in a moment
arr = np.arange(0,11)
#Show
arr
[9]: array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
[10]: #Important notes on Slices
slice_of_arr = arr[0:6]
#Show slice
slice_of_arr
[10]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
[11]: #Change Slice
slice_of_arr[:]=99
#Show Slice again
slice_of_arr
[11]: array([99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99])
Now note the changes also occur in our original array!
[12]: arr
[12]: array([99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
Data is not copied, it’s a view of the original array! This avoids memory problems!
[13]: #To get a copy, need to be explicit
arr_copy = arr.copy()
arr_copy
[13]: array([99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
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1.3 Indexing a 2D array (matrices)
The general format is arr_2d[row][col] or arr_2d[row,col]. I recommend usually using the
comma notation for clarity.
[14]: arr_2d = np.array(([5,10,15],[20,25,30],[35,40,45]))
#Show
arr_2d
[14]: array([[ 5, 10, 15],
[20, 25, 30],
[35, 40, 45]])
[15]: #Indexing row
arr_2d[1]
[15]: array([20, 25, 30])
[16]: # Format is arr_2d[row][col] or arr_2d[row,col]
# Getting individual element value
arr_2d[1][0]
[16]: 20
[17]: # Getting individual element value
arr_2d[1,0]
[17]: 20
[18]: # 2D array slicing
#Shape (2,2) from top right corner
arr_2d[:2,1:]
[18]: array([[10, 15],
[25, 30]])
[19]: #Shape bottom row
arr_2d[2]
[19]: array([35, 40, 45])
[20]: #Shape bottom row
arr_2d[2,:]
[20]: array([35, 40, 45])
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1.3.1 Fancy Indexing
Fancy indexing allows you to select entire rows or columns out of order,to show this, let’s quickly
build out a numpy array:
[21]: #Set up matrix
arr2d = np.zeros((10,10))
[22]: #Length of array
arr_length = arr2d.shape[1]
[23]: #Set up array
for i in range(arr_length):
arr2d[i] = i
arr2d
[23]: array([[ 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
[ 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
[ 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2.],
[ 3., 3., 3., 3., 3., 3., 3., 3., 3., 3.],
[ 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4.],
[ 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5.],
[ 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6.],
[ 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7.],
[ 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8.],
[ 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9.]])
Fancy indexing allows the following
[24]: arr2d[[2,4,6,8]]
[24]: array([[ 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2.],
[ 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4.],
[ 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6.],
[ 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8.]])
[25]: #Allows in any order
arr2d[[6,4,2,7]]
[25]: array([[ 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6.],
[ 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4.],
[ 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2.],
[ 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7.]])
1.4 More Indexing Help
Indexing a 2d matrix can be a bit confusing at first, especially when you start to add in step size.
Try google image searching NumPy indexing to fins useful images, like this one:
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1.5 Selection
Let’s briefly go over how to use brackets for selection based off of comparison operators.
[28]: arr = np.arange(1,11)
arr
[28]: array([ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
[30]: arr > 4
[30]: array([False, False, False, False, True, True, True, True, True, True],
dtype=bool)
[31]: bool_arr = arr>4
[32]: bool_arr
[32]: array([False, False, False, False, True, True, True, True, True, True],
dtype=bool)
[33]: arr[bool_arr]
[33]: array([ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
[34]: arr[arr>2]
[34]: array([ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
[37]: x = 2
arr[arr>x]
[37]: array([ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
2 Great Job!
