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TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
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 6. JOHARI WINDOW OPEN BLIND (known to others and also self) (unknown to self but known to others)
HIDDEN UNKNOWN (known to self but unknown to others) (unknown to self and unknown to others)
 7. 2. ANALYSIS OF EGO STATES • The ego plays an important role in human behaviour. • People interact
with each other in terms of psycological positions or behavioural patterns known as ego states. • Ego states are
person’s way of thinking, feeling and behaving at any time. • There are 3 important ego states. • Ego states:
child, adult and parent. • A person of any age have these ego states in varying degree. • A healthy person is
able to move from one ego state to another.
 8. THE EGO STATES PARENT ADULT CHILD Personality
 9. • 1. parent ego state: The parent ego state means that the values, attitudes and behaviours of parents an
integral part of the personality of an individual. These people tend to talk to people and treat others like
children. The characteristics of a person with parent ego state are: • Judgemental • Rule maker • Moralising •
Over protective • indispensable
 10. • 2. Adult ego state: The adult ego state is authentic, direct, reality based, fact seeking and problem
solving. They assume that human beings as equal, worthy and responsible. The process of adult ego state
formation goes through one’s own experiences and continuously updating attitudes left over from childhood.
People with adult ego state, gather relevant information, carefully analyse it, generate alternatives and make
logical choices. • 3.Child ego state: the child ego state is characterized by very immature behaviour. The
important features of child ego state are creativity, anxiety, depression, dependence, fear, joy, emotional
sentimental etc.
 11. 3.ANALYSIS OF TRANSACTIONS • A transaction is a basic unit of social interaction. • The heart of
transactional analysis is the study and diagramming of the exchanges between two persons. • Thus where a
verbal or non verbal stimulus from one person is being responded by another person a transaction occurs. •
Transactional analysis can help us to determine which ego state is most heavily influencing our behaviour and
the behaviour of the other people with whom we interact.
 12. • Depending on Child-Child transactions Child-Adult transactions  Child-Parent transactions 
Parent-Child transactions  Parent-Adult transactions  Parent-Parent transactions  Adult-Child transactions
 Adult-Parent transactions  Adult-Adult transactions the ego states of the persons involved in transactions,
there may be three types of transactions: 1.Complementary transactions: Both people are operating from the
same ego state. There can be nine complementary transactions. They are given below:
 13. 2. Crossed transactions: a crossed transaction is one in which the sender sends message a behaviour on
the basis of his ego state, but this message is reacted to by an unexpected ego state on the part of the receiver.
Crossed communication should be avoided as far as possible. Whenever such transactions occur,
communication tends to blocked and a satisfactory transaction is not accomplished. 3.Ulterior transactions: two
ego states within the same person but one disguises the other one.
 14. 4. SCRIPT ANALYSIS • In a layman’s view ,a script is the text of play, motion picture, or a radio or TV
programme. • In transactional analysis a person’s life is compared to a play and the script is the text of the
play. • According to Eric Berne,” a script is an ongoing programme, developed in early childhood under
parental influence which directs the individual behaviour in the most important aspects of his life. • A script is
a complete plan of living, offering prescriptions, permissions and structure which makes one winner or loser in
life.
 15. 5. ANALYSIS OF LIFE POSITIONS • In the process of growing up people make basic assumptions about
their own self worth as well as about the worth of significant people in their environment. • The combination
of assumptions about self and the other person called as life position. • Transactional analysis constructs the
following classifications of the four possible life positions or psychological positions: • I am OK,, you are OK.
• I am OK, ,you are not OK. • I am not OK,, you are OK. • I an not OK,, you are not OK
 16. • I am OK, you are OK: It appears to be an ideal life position. People with this type of life position have
confidence in themselves as well as trust and confidence in others. • I am OK, you are not OK: This is a
distrustful psychological positions. This is the attitude of those people, who think that whatever they do is
 correct. • :I am not OK, you are OK This is a common position for those people who feel power less when they
compare themselves to others. • I am not OK,, you are not OK: people in this position tend to feel bad about
themselves and see the whole world as miserable. They do not trust others and have no confidence in
themselves.
 17. 6.STROKING • Stroking is an important aspects of the transactional analysis. • The term stroke refers to
“giving some kind of recognition to others.” • People need strokes for their sense of survival and well being on
the job. Lack of stroking can have negative consequences both on physiological and psychological well being
of a person. • There are three types of strokes:
 18. 1.Positive strokes: the stroke one feel good, is a positive stroke. Recognition, approval are some of the
examples. 2. Negative strokes: a stroke one feel bad or not good is a negative stroke. negative strokes hurt
physically or psychologically. 3.Mixed strokes: a stroke may be of a mixed type also. Example :the boss
comment to a worker “you did an excellent job inspite your limited experience.
 19. 7. GAMES ANALYSIS • One or more transactions is ulterior.They make sense on superficial or social
level.  The transaction tend to be repeated. When people fail to get enough strokes at work they try a
variety of things. • One of the most important thing is that they play psychological games. • A psychological
game is a set of transaction with three characteristics:
 20. • Types of games: * A first degree game is one which is socially acceptable in the agent’s circle. * A
second degree game is one which more intimate end up with bad feelings. * A third degree game is one which
usually involve physical injury.
 21. BENEFITS AND UTILITY OF TRANSACATIONAL ANALYSIS • Improved interpersonal
communication. • Source of positive energy. • Understanding ego state. • motivation. • Organisational
development