QMS 102 SEM II 2022/2023 1
Mzumbe University
Dar es Salaam Campus College-Tegeta Center
QMS 102:Business Statistics-Descriptive Statistics
Tutorial sheet 2
Measures of central tendency and Moments for grouped Data
1. The following table gives the frequency distribution of weight of 520 pupils from different pri-
mary schools in Kinondoni district:
Weights 16-18 18-20 20-22 22-24 24-26 26-28 28-30 30-32 32-34 34-36 36-38
Frequency 7 15 31 48 64 95 107 87 35 22 9
(a) Calculate mean(hint: use the long method, the Deviation from assumed mean A and
Coding method), median and mode then use them to comment on the shape of the dis-
tribution
(b) Find variance, standard deviation(Use long method, Deviation method and Coding method)
and coefficient of variation for this sample of students of Kinondoni district
2. (a) Given the following information for a certain group of teachers, find its Standard deviation.
X X
N = 100, x = 600, and x2 = 10, 000
(b) The mean and standard deviation of 6 observations are 8 and 4 respectively. If each
observation is multiplied by 3, find the new mean and new standard deviation of the
resulting observations.
(c) Find the mean of the set of numbers in the arithmetic progression 4 + 10 + 16 + . . . + 154.
3. (a) Under what circumstances are a grouped (rather than a simple frequency) distribution is
used ?
(b) In a certain school the numbers of employees in 1970 grouped by age were as follows:
Age (years) 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
Number of em- 66 65 56 50 42 37 35 30 24 22
ployees
QMS 102 SEM II 2022/2023 2
Calculate the arithmetic mean(use all three methods), median, mode, Variance, standard
deviation and coefficient of variation of the ages of employees in the school
4. The number of teachers and the arithmetic mean (in T shs. × 100, 000) in each section of the
school are as given below.
Section Number of teachers Arithmetic mean wage
Science 50 820
Arts 60 840
Business 90 230
Calculate the arithmetic mean wage of all the teachers taken together.
5. What does the measure of central tendency indicate? Describe the important measures of cen-
tral tendency pointing out the situation when one measure is considered relatively appropriate
in comparison to other measures.
6. (a) Distinguish between measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion.
(b) The last year performances of five candidates in university examination for QM S 102
were 60, 50, 20, 35.5, 30, 10 and 39.5 respectively. Suppose the pass mark is 40, find the
arithmetic mean and comment on the results.
7. The ages of a sample of MU first year students in 2021 are tabulated below:
Age in years 20 - 25 25 - 30 30 - 35 35 - 40 40 - 45
Number of Students 2 14 29 43 32
(a) Find the median and the standard deviation
(b) Present the above information in histogram and use it to estimate the mode.
c) Calculate the coefficient of variation of the given data.
8. The mean and standard deviation of 20 observations of scores of mathematics are found to
be 10 and 2 respectively. On rechecking, it was found that an observation 8 was incorrect.
Calculate the correct mean and standard deviation in each of the following cases:
(i) If the wrong score is omitted.
(ii) If it is replaced by 12.
9. An analysis of the monthly wages paid to workers in two firms A and B, belonging to the same
industry, gives the following results:
QMS 102 SEM II 2022/2023 3
Item Firm A Firm B
Number of wage earners 550 650
Average monthly wages in £ 50 45
√ √
Standard deviation of the distribution of wages in £ 90 120
(a) Which firm A or B pays larger amount as monthly wages?
(b) In which firm A or B, is there greater variability in individual wages?
10. The ages of a sample of MU first year students in 2014 are tabulated below:
Age in years Number of Students
20 and under 25 5
25 and under 30 15
30 and under 35 26
35 and under 40 45
40 and under 45 30
Present the above information in histogram and use it to estimate the mode.
11. The following are details for two tests of Mr Fred:
Test 1: Fred scores 78. Mean score of the class is 70, Variance of the class is 64.
Test 2: Fred scores 78. Mean score of the class is 66, Variance of the class is 36.
As compared to test 2, did Fred do better or worse on the first test? Give reason for your
answer.
12. The following data set lists the scores out 100% of 44 students in a certain mathematics exam-
ination at Njalambaya Secondary school.
50 40 41 17 11 7 22 44 28 21 19 23 37 51 54 42 86 41 78 56 72 56
17 7 69 30 80 56 29 33 46 31 39 20 18 29 34 59 73 77 36 39 30 62
a) Group the given data and hence make the frequency distribution table.
b) Calculate the quartiles, 3rd and 7th deciles, 35th and 78th percentiles.
c) Use coding method and deviation to compute the mean and standard deviation.
d) Compute the mode of the data.
13. Find the harmonic mean of the marks obtained in a class test, given below
Marks 11 12 13 14 15
No. of students 3 7 8 5 2
QMS 102 SEM II 2022/2023 4
14. Compute the geometric mean of the following distribution:
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40
No. of students 58 3 4
15. From the following data calculate the first four moments about mean. State the skewness and
kurtosis of the distribution based on moments
Classes 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40
Frequency 1 3 4 2
16. The first four central moment of a distribution are 0, 2.5, 0.7 and 18.75. Test the skewness and
kurtosis of the distribution.
17. The fourth moment about mean of frequency distribution is 768. What must be value of its
standard deviation in order that the distribution be
(i) Leptokurtic
(ii) Mesokurtic
(iii) Platykurtic.
