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15 1022q Making Random Numbers s2018

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19 views9 pages

15 1022q Making Random Numbers s2018

Uploaded by

thomastsettc3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMP1022Q

Introduction to Computing with Excel VBA

Making Random Numbers

Gibson Lam and David Rossiter


Outcomes
• After completing this presentation, you are
expected to be able to:
1. Use VBA to generate random numbers

COMP1022Q Making Random Numbers Page 2


Random Numbers in VBA
• Random numbers can be generated in VBA using
the Rnd function
• The Rnd function generates a real number smaller
than 1 and bigger than or equal to 0, i.e. [ 0 , 1 )
• For example, the following line of code puts a
random number in a variable MyNumber
MyNumber = Rnd() You can optionally
add the parentheses
in this situation

COMP1022Q Making Random Numbers Page 3


An Example of
Making Random Numbers
• The following example creates a simple math
addition question using random numbers
• Two random integers between the range of
1 to 100 are generated
• The user is then asked
what the sum of these
two numbers is,
like this:

COMP1022Q Making Random Numbers Page 4


Generating Random Integers 1/2
• To generate a random integer in the range of
1 to 100 you will need to do these steps:
1. Generate a number between 0 to 0.99999 using
the Rnd function
' Range of number is [0, 1)
RandomNumber = Rnd()

2. Multiply the generated number by 100


' Range of number is [0, 100)
RandomNumber = Rnd() * 100

COMP1022Q Making Random Numbers Page 5


Generating Random Integers 2/2
3. Truncate the number using the Int function, i.e.
remove the fractional part of the number and
keep the integer (no rounding)
' Range of number is [0, 99]
RandomNumber = Int(Rnd() * 100)

4. Add 1 to the number


' Range of number is [1, 100]
RandomNumber = Int(Rnd() * 100) + 1

COMP1022Q Making Random Numbers Page 6


Randomness of the Rnd Function
• You will find that every time you run your code you will
get the same series of random numbers!
– For example, 1st time you run it:
• The first time your program
asks a random math question:

• Later you run the program 2nd time you run it:
the second time it will ask
the same question again!
• That means any game which uses the random numbers
will be the same every time you play it
• To change this, you need to use Randomize
Simple Math Test 1/2
' Randomize the random number generated by Rnd
Randomize You need to use Randomize to ensure that the
numbers generated are really random every time
' Create the first number in the range 1 to 100
Number1 = Int(Rnd() * 100) + 1

' Create the second number in the range 1 to 100


Number2 = Int(Rnd() * 100) + 1

' Calculate the answer and store it as string


Answer = Number1 + Number2

Continued on the next slide…


Simple Math Test 2/2
Continued from the previous slide…

' Execute the loop at least once


Do
' Ask the question
Loop Guess = InputBox("What is " & Number1 & _
body " + " & Number2 & "?")

' Check the answer at the end of the loop


Loop While Answer <> Guess
Loop condition
MsgBox "Excellent, you have got the " & _
"correct answer!"

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