Ear lug

Geometry Inputs

Attached To Cylinder #1
Material A36
Distance of Lift Point From Datum 2,300 mm
Angular Position 0 deg and 180 deg
Length, L 300 mm
Width, B 150 mm
Thickness, t 20 mm
Hole Diameter, d 30 mm
Pin Diameter, Dp 20 mm
Diameter at Pin, D 75 mm
Length to Brace Plate, L1 125 mm
Load Angle from Vertical, φ 0 deg
Has Brace Plate Yes
Welds
Size, tw 7 mm
Length, b1 30 mm
Length, d2 60 mm
Reinforcement Pad
Width, Bp 200 mm
Length, Lp 200 mm
Thickness, tp 13 mm
Weld Size, twp 10 mm
Weld Length, L3 150 mm
 Intermediate Values
Load Factor 1.5000
Vessel Weight (new, incl. Load Factor), W 441.2 kg
Lug Weight (new), Wlug 27 kg (Qty=2)
Distance from Center of Gravity to Top Lug, l1 1,210.43 mm
Distance from Center of Gravity to Tail Lug, l2 889.57 mm
Distance from Vessel Center Line to Tail Lug, l3 370.5 mm
Allowable Stress, Tensile, σt 137.76 MPa
Allowable Stress, Shear, σs 91.84 MPa
Allowable Stress, Bearing, σp 206.64 MPa
Allowable Stress, Bending, σb 153.07 MPa
Allowable Stress, Weld Shear, τallowable 91.84 MPa
Allowable Stress set to 1/3 Sy per ASME B30.20 No

Summary Values
Required Lift Pin Diameter, dreqd 3.87 mm
Required Lug Thickness, treqd 0.52 mm
Lug Stress Ratio, σratio 0.03
Weld Shear Stress Ratio, τratio 0.03
Lug Design Acceptable
Local Stresses WRC 537 Acceptable
Maximum Out of Plane Lift Angle - Weak Axis Bending 79.98 deg
COMPRESS recommends a spreader beam be used to prevent weak axis bending of the top lugs.
No consideration is given for any bracing plate from the lug to the vessel.

Lift Forces

Lift force on lugs during rotational lift (0 deg≤ α ≤ 90 deg):

2*Ftop = W*(l2*cos(α) + l3*sin(α)) / (l1*cos(α) + l2*cos(α) + l3*sin(α) )
Ftail = W - (2*F)
 α [ deg] Ftop[N] Ftail[N]
0 916.4 2,493.8
15 972.6 2,381.2
30 1,031.6 2,263.2
45 1,103.3 2,119.8
60 1,208.2 1,910.1
75 1,411.4 1,503.7
90 2,163.2 0
181 984 2,358.6
162 976.4 2,373.7
173 980.2 2,366.1
1Liftangle at maximum lug
stress.
2Liftangle at maximum weld
stress.
3Liftangle at maximum pad weld
stress.
Shell angle at lift lug 0.00 deg

Lug Pin Diameter - Shear stress

dreqd = (2*Fv / (π*σs))0.5

= (2*2,163.2 / (π*91.84))0.5 = 3.87 mm

dreqd / Dp = 3.87 / 20 = 0.19 Acceptable

σ = Fv / A
= Fv / (2*(0.25*π*Dp2))
= 2,163.2 / (2*(0.25*π*202)) = 3.44 MPa

σ / σs = 3.44 / 91.84 = 0.04 Acceptable

Lug Thickness - Tensile stress

treqd = Fv / ((D - d)*σt)

= 2,163.2 / ((75 - 30)*137.76) = 0.35 mm

treqd / t = 0.35 / 20 = 0.02 Acceptable

σ = Fv / A
= Fv / ((D - d)*t)
= 2,163.2 / ((75 - 30)*20) = 2.4 MPa

σ / σt = 2.4 / 137.76 = 0.02 Acceptable

Lug Thickness - Bearing stress

treqd = Fv / (Dp*σp)
= 2,163.2 / (20*206.64) = 0.52 mm
treqd / t = 0.52 / 20 = 0.03 Acceptable

σ = Fv / Abearing
= Fv / (Dp*(t))
= 2,163.2 / (20*(20)) = 5.41 MPa

σ / σp = 5.41 / 206.64 = 0.03 Acceptable

Lug Thickness - Shear stress

treqd = [Fv / σs] / (2*Lshear)

= (2,163.2 / 91.84) / (2*24) = 0.49 mm

treqd / t = 0.49 / 20 = 0.02 Acceptable

τ = Fv / Ashear
= Fv / (2*t*Lshear )
= 2,163.2 / (2*20*24) = 2.25 MPa

τ / σs = 2.25 / 91.84 = 0.02 Acceptable

Shear stress length (per Pressure Vessel and Stacks, A. Keith Escoe)

φ = 55*Dp / d
= 55*20 / 30
= 36.6667 deg
Z = 0.5*(D - d) + 0.5*Dp*(1 - cos(φ))
= 0.5*(75 - 30) + 0.5*20*(1 - cos(36.6667))
= 24.48 mm
Z1 = 0.5*D - sqr(0.25*D*D - (0.5*Dp*sin(φ))2)
= 0.5*75 - sqr(0.25*75*75 - (0.5*20*sin(36.6667))2)
= 0.48 mm
Lshear = Z - Z1
= 24 mm

Lug Plate Stress

Lug stress, tensile + bending, during rotational lift:

σ ratio = [Ften / (Aten*σt)] + [Mbend / (Zbend*σb)] ≤ 1
= [(Ftop(α)*sin(α) ) / (t*B*σt)] + [(6*Ftop(α) *L*cos(α) ) / (t*B2 * σb)] ≤ 1
984*sin(18.0) / (20*150*137.76) + 6*(984)*300*cos(18.0) /
=
(20*1502*153.07)
= 0.03 Acceptable
Weak Axis Bending Stress

Maximum lift cable angle from vertical θ = 79.98 deg

σb = M/Z = (F*sin(θ)* L1) / Z

F*cos(θ) = 0.5*W => F = 0.5*W / cos(θ)
θ = arctan( (2*σb*Z ) / (W* L1) )
arctan( (2*153.07*(150*202/6) ) / 79.98
θ = =
(4,326.5*125) ) deg
Loading on brace plate and head are not considered.

Weld Stress

Weld stress, direct and torsional shear, during rotational lift:

Direct shear:

Maximum weld shear stress occurs at lift angle 16.00 deg; lift force = 976.4 N

Aweld = A1 + A2 + A3
= 0.707*tw*((d1 + b1) + (2*d2 + b2) + (d3 + b3))
= 0.707*7*((150 + 30) + (2*60 + 90) + (150 + 30))
= 2,820.93
= 890.82 + 1,039.29 + 890.82
mm2

τt
= Flug*cos(α) / Aweld

= 976.4*cos(16.0) / 2,820.93 = 0.33 MPa

τs
= Flug*sin(α) / Aweld

= 976.4*sin(16.0) / 2,820.93 = 0.1 MPa

Torsional shear:

Weld centroid:

Weld areas

Ai = 0.707*tw*Li
A1 = 0.707*7*150 = 742.35 mm2
A2 = 0.707*7*30 = 148.47 mm2
A3 = 0.707*7*60 = 296.94 mm2
A4 = 0.707*7*90 = 445.41 mm2
A5 = 0.707*7*60 = 296.94 mm2
A6 = 0.707*7*30 = 148.47 mm2
A7 = 0.707*7*150 = 742.35 mm2
Aweld torsion = Σ Ai = 2,820.93 mm2
Weld centroid locations

x1 = 0 mm
y1 = 75 mm
x2 = 15 mm
y2 = 0 mm
x3 = 30 mm
y3 = 30 mm
x4 = 75 mm
y4 = 60 mm
x5 = 120 mm
y5 = 30 mm
x6 = 135 mm
y6 = 0 mm
x7 = 150 mm
y7 = 75 mm
Xbar = Σ (Ai*xi) / ΣAi
Ybar = Σ (Ai*yi) / ΣAi
(742.35*0 + 148.47*15 + 296.94*30 + 445.41*75 + 296.94*120 + 148.47*135 + 742.35*150 ) / = 75
Xbar =
2,820.93 mm
= 55.26
Ybar = (742.35*75 + 148.47*0 + 296.94*30 + 445.41*60 + 296.94*30 + 148.47*0 + 742.35*75 ) / 2,820.93
mm
Radius to centroid locations

ri = sqr((Xbar - xi)2 + (Ybar - yi)2 )

r1 = sqr( (75 - 0)2 + (55.26 - 75)2 ) = 77.55 mm
r2 = sqr( (75 - 15)2 + (55.26 - 0)2 ) = 81.57 mm
r3 = sqr( (75 - 30)2 + (55.26 - 30)2 ) = 51.61 mm
r4 = sqr( (75 - 75)2 + (55.26 - 60)2 ) = 4.74 mm
r5 = sqr( (75 - 120)2 + (55.26 - 30)2 ) = 51.61 mm
r6 = sqr( (75 - 135)2 + (55.26 - 0)2 ) = 81.57 mm
r7 = sqr( (75 - 150)2 + (55.26 - 75)2 ) = 77.55 mm
Polar Moment of Area

Ji = 0.707*tw*(Li3) / 12
J1 = 0.707*7*(1503) / 12 = 1391906.25 mm4
J2 = 0.707*7*(303) / 12 = 11135.25 mm4
J3 = 0.707*7*(603) / 12 = 89082 mm4
J4 = 0.707*7*(903) / 12 = 300651.75 mm4
3
J5 = 0.707*7*(60 ) / 12 = 89082 mm4
J6 = 0.707*7*(303) / 12 = 11135.25 mm4
J7 = 0.707*7*(1503) / 12 = 1391906.25 mm4
J = Σ (Ji + Ai*ri2) Parallel axis theorem
J = [1391906.2500 + = 15782166 mm4
742.35*(77.55)2 + (11135.2500
+ 148.47*(81.57)2) +
 (89082.0000 + 296.94*(51.61)2)
+ (300651.7500 +
445.41*(4.74)2) + (89082.0000
+ 296.94*(51.61)2) +
(11135.2500 + 148.47*(81.57)2)
+ (1391906.2500 +
742.35*(77.55)2) ]
Radial distance from centroid to weld:

r = sqr( Xbar2 + (L3 - Ybar)2 )

= sqr( 752 + (150 - 55.26)2 ) = 120.83 mm

θr = arctan( (L3 - Ybar) / (Xbar) )

= arctan( 94.74 / 75 ) = 51.63 deg
τ2 = M*r/J
= [F(α)*cos(α)*(L + L3 - Ybar)] * r / J
= (976.4*cos(16.0)*394.74)*120.83 / 15782165.6447
= 2.84 MPa

τ ratio = sqr( (τt + τ2*sin(θr))2 + (τs + τ2*cos(θr))2 ) / τallowable ≤ 1

= sqr ( (0.33 + 2.84*sin(51.63))2 + (0.1 + 2.84*cos(51.63) )2 ) / 91.84
= 0.03 Acceptable

Pad Weld Stress

Direct shear:

Maximum weld shear stress occurs at lift angle 17.00 deg; lift force = 980.2 N

Aweld = 0.707*twp*(2*Lp + Bp)

= 0.707*10*(2*200 + 200) = 4,242 mm2

τt
= Flug*cos(α) / Aweld

= 980.2*cos(17.0) / 4,242 = 0.22 MPa

τs
= Flug*sin(α) / Aweld

= 980.2*sin(17.0) / 4,242 = 0.07 MPa

Torsional shear:

Weld centroid:

Ybarp = Lp2 / (2*Lp + Bp)

= 2002 / (2*200 + 200) = 66.67 mm
Second polar moment of area:

Jp = 0.707*twp*((8*Lp3 + 6*Lp*Bp2 + Bp3) / 12 - Lp4 / (2*Lp + Bp))

0.707*10* ( (8*2003 + 6*200*2002 + 2003) / 12 - 2004 / (2*200 +
= = 51846667 mm4
200))

Radial distance from centroid to weld:

rp = sqr( (Xbarp)2 + (Lp - Ybarp)2 )

= sqr( (0.5*200)2 + (200 - 66.67)2 ) = 166.67 mm

θr = arctan( (Lp - Ybarp) / (Xbarp) )

= arctan( 133.33 / 100 ) = 53.13 deg
τ2 = M * rp / Jp
= [F(α)*cos(α)*(L + Lp - Ybarp)] * rp / Jp
= (980.2*cos(17.0)*433.33)*166.67 / 51846666.6667
= 1.31 MPa

τ ratio = sqr( (τt + τ2*sin(θr))2 + (τs + τ2*cos(θr))2 ) / τallowable ≤ 1

= sqr ( (0.22 + 1.31*sin(53.13))2 + (0.07 + 1.31*cos(53.13) )2 ) / 91.84
= 0.02 Acceptable

WRC 537 Analysis

Maximum stress ratio occurs at lift angle = 23.00 deg with lift force = 1,003.2 N

Geometry

Height (radial) 20 mm

Width (circumferential) 150 mm

Length 150 mm

Fillet Weld Size: 7 mm

Located On Cylinder #1 (150 mm from top end)

Location Angle 0.00 deg and 180.00 deg

Reinforcement Pad

Thickness 13 mm

Width 200 mm

Length 200 mm

Weld Size 10 mm
 Applied Loads

Radial load, Pr 0N

Circumferential moment, Mc 21.2 N-m

Circumferential shear, Vc 923.47 N

Longitudinal moment, ML 9 N-m

Longitudinal shear, VL 391.99 N

Torsion moment, Mt 346.3 N-m

Internal pressure, P 0 MPa

Mean shell radius, Rm 303.5 mm

Design factor 3

Maximum stresses due to the applied loads at the lug edge

γ = Rm / T = 303.5 / 20 = 15.175

C1 = 82, C2 = 82 mm

Local circumferential pressure stress = P*Ri / T =0 MPa

Local longitudinal pressure stress = P*Ri / (2*T) =0 MPa

Maximum combined stress (PL+Pb+Q) = 0.76 MPa

Allowable combined stress (PL+Pb+Q) = ±3*S = ±414 MPa

The maximum combined stress (PL+Pb+Q) is within allowable limits.

Maximum local primary membrane stress (PL) = -0.05 MPa

Allowable local primary membrane stress (PL) = ±1.5*S = ±207 MPa

The maximum local primary membrane stress (PL) is within allowable limits.
 Stresses at the lug edge per WRC Bulletin 537
Figure Y β Au Al Bu Bl Cu Cl Du Dl
3C* 1.7574 0.2702 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4C* 2.3729 0.2702 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1C 0.069 0.2702 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2C-1 0.0438 0.2702 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3A* 0.6542 0.2702 0 0 0 0 -0.028 -0.028 0.028 0.028

1A 0.0861 0.2702 0 0 0 0 -0.331 0.331 0.331 -0.331

3B* 1.7525 0.2702 -0.034 -0.034 0.034 0.034 0 0 0 0

1B-1 0.0319 0.2702 -0.055 0.055 0.055 -0.055 0 0 0 0

Pressure stress* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total circumferential stress -0.09 0.021 0.09 -0.021 -0.359 0.303 0.359 -0.303

Primary membrane circumferential

-0.034 -0.034 0.034 0.034 -0.028 -0.028 0.028 0.028
stress*

3C* 1.7574 0.2702 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4C* 2.3729 0.2702 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1C-1 0.0718 0.2702 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2C 0.0435 0.2702 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4A* 1.19 0.2702 0 0 0 0 -0.048 -0.048 0.048 0.048

2A 0.0436 0.2702 0 0 0 0 -0.172 0.172 0.172 -0.172

4B* 0.6767 0.2702 -0.014 -0.014 0.014 0.014 0 0 0 0

2B-1 0.051 0.2702 -0.083 0.083 0.083 -0.083 0 0 0 0

Pressure stress* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total longitudinal stress -0.097 0.069 0.097 -0.069 -0.221 0.124 0.221 -0.124

Primary membrane longitudinal

-0.014 -0.014 0.014 0.014 -0.048 -0.048 0.048 0.048
stress*

Shear from M t 0.241 0.241 0.241 0.241 0.241 0.241 0.241 0.241

Circ shear from V c 0.138 0.138 -0.138 -0.138 0 0 0 0

Long shear from V L 0 0 0 0 -0.062 -0.062 0.062 0.062

Total Shear stress 0.379 0.379 0.103 0.103 0.179 0.179 0.303 0.303

Combined stress (P L+Pb+Q) 0.758 0.758 0.207 0.214 -0.483 0.414 0.621 0.634

* denotes primary stress.

WRC 537 does not consider torsional moments for rectangular attachments.
As such, Shear from Mt is calculated based on Blodgett p. 7.4-6, Table 5.

Maximum stresses due to the applied loads at the pad edge

γ = Rm / T = 303.5 / 7 = 43.3571

C1 = 110, C2 = 110 mm

Local circumferential pressure stress = P*Ri / T =0 MPa

Local longitudinal pressure stress = P*Ri / (2*T) =0 MPa

Maximum combined stress (PL+Pb+Q) = 1.85 MPa

Allowable combined stress (PL+Pb+Q) = ±3*S = ±414 MPa

The maximum combined stress (PL+Pb+Q) is within allowable limits.

Maximum local primary membrane stress (PL) = -0.34 MPa

Allowable local primary membrane stress (PL) = ±1.5*S = ±207 MPa

The maximum local primary membrane stress (PL) is within allowable limits.
 Stresses at the pad edge per WRC Bulletin 537
Figure Y β Au Al Bu Bl Cu Cl Du Dl
3C* 1.5118 0.3624 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4C* 4.2846 0.3624 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1C 0.05 0.3624 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2C-1 0.011 0.3624 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3A* 1.3912 0.3624 0 0 0 0 -0.124 -0.124 0.124 0.124

1A 0.0614 0.3624 0 0 0 0 -1.455 1.455 1.455 -1.455

3B* 2.6441 0.3624 -0.103 -0.103 0.103 0.103 0 0 0 0

1B-1 0.0104 0.3624 -0.103 0.103 0.103 -0.103 0 0 0 0

Pressure stress* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total circumferential stress -0.207 0 0.207 0 -1.579 1.331 1.579 -1.331

Primary membrane circumferential

-0.103 -0.103 0.103 0.103 -0.124 -0.124 0.124 0.124
stress*

3C* 1.5118 0.3624 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4C* 4.2846 0.3624 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1C-1 0.0272 0.3624 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2C 0.03 0.3624 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4A* 3.7386 0.3624 0 0 0 0 -0.338 -0.338 0.338 0.338

2A 0.0244 0.3624 0 0 0 0 -0.579 0.579 0.579 -0.579

4B* 1.2371 0.3624 -0.048 -0.048 0.048 0.048 0 0 0 0

2B-1 0.0235 0.3624 -0.234 0.234 0.234 -0.234 0 0 0 0

Pressure stress* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total longitudinal stress -0.283 0.186 0.283 -0.186 -0.917 0.241 0.917 -0.241

Primary membrane longitudinal

-0.048 -0.048 0.048 0.048 -0.338 -0.338 0.338 0.338
stress*

Shear from M t 0.386 0.386 0.386 0.386 0.386 0.386 0.386 0.386

Circ shear from V c 0.296 0.296 -0.296 -0.296 0 0 0 0

Long shear from V L 0 0 0 0 -0.124 -0.124 0.124 0.124

Total Shear stress 0.683 0.683 0.09 0.09 0.262 0.262 0.51 0.51

Combined stress (P L+Pb+Q) 1.365 1.379 0.345 0.255 -1.669 1.393 1.855 -1.531

* denotes primary stress.

WRC 537 does not consider torsional moments for rectangular attachments.
As such, Shear from Mt is calculated based on Blodgett p. 7.4-6, Table 5.
 Tail lug

Geometry Inputs

Attached To Cylinder #1
Material A36
Orientation Longitudinal
Distance of Lift Point From Datum 200 mm
Angular Position 90 deg
Length, L 254 mm
Height, H 127 mm
Thickness, t 12.7 mm
Hole Diameter, d 25.4 mm
Pin Diameter, Dp 22.23 mm
Load Eccentricity, a1 25.4 mm
Distance from Load to Shell or Pad, a2 63.5 mm
Load Angle Normal to Vessel, β 0 deg
Load Angle from Vertical, φ 0 deg
Welds
Size, tw 6.35 mm

Intermediate Values
Load Factor 1.5000
Vessel Weight (new, incl. Load Factor), W 441.2 kg
Lug Weight (new), Wlug 3.2 kg
Distance from Center of Gravity to Top Lug, l1 1,210.43 mm
Distance from Center of Gravity to Tail Lug, l2 889.57 mm
Distance from Vessel Center Line to Tail Lug, l3 370.5 mm
Allowable Stress, Tensile, σt 137.76 MPa
Allowable Stress, Shear, σs 91.84 MPa
Allowable Stress, Bearing, σp 206.64 MPa
Allowable Stress, Bending, σb 153.07 MPa
Allowable Stress, Weld Shear, τallowable 91.84 MPa
Allowable Stress set to 1/3 Sy per ASME B30.20 No
 Summary Values
Required Lift Pin Diameter, dreqd 4.16 mm
Required Lug Thickness, treqd 0.54 mm
Lug Stress Ratio, σratio 0.01
Weld Shear Stress Ratio, τratio 0.02
Lug Design Acceptable
Local Stresses WRC 537 Acceptable

Lift Forces

Lift force on lugs during rotational lift (0 deg≤ α ≤ 90 deg):

2*Ftop = W*(l2*cos(α) + l3*sin(α)) / (l1*cos(α) + l2*cos(α) + l3*sin(α) )
Ftail = W - (2*F)

α [ deg] Ftop[N] Ftail[N]

0 916.4 2,493.8
15 972.6 2,381.2
30 1,031.6 2,263.2
45 1,103.3 2,119.8
60 1,208.2 1,910.1
75 1,411.4 1,503.7
90 2,163.2 0
01 916.4 2,493.8
02 916.4 2,493.8
1Liftangle at maximum lug
stress.
2Liftangle at maximum weld
stress.

Lug loading at α = 0 deg

Total lift force
F = Ftop / cos(φ)
F = 2,493.8 / cos(0.0) = 2,493.8 N
Tensile force (parallel to lug
normal)
Ft = F*cos(β)
Ft = 2,493.8*cos(0.0) = 2,493.8 N
Shear force (parallel to lug weld)
Fs = F*sin(β)
Fs = 2,493.8*sin(0.0) = 0N
Lug Pin Diameter - Shear stress

dreqd = (2*F / (π*σs))0.5

= (2*2,493.8 / (π*91.84))0.5 = 4.16 mm

dreqd / Dp = 4.16 / 22.23 = 0.19 Acceptable

σ = F/A
= F / (2*(0.25*π*Dp2))
= 2,493.8 / (2*(0.25*π*22.232)) = 3.21 MPa

σ / σs = 3.21 / 91.84 = 0.03 Acceptable

Lug Thickness - Tensile stress

treqd = Fr / ((L - d)*σt)

= 2,493.8 / ((254 - 25.4)*137.76) = 0.08 mm

treqd / t = 0.08 / 12.7 = 0.01 Acceptable

σ = Fr / A
= Fr / ((L - d)*t)
= 2,493.8 / ((254 - 25.4)*12.7) = 0.86 MPa

σ / σt = 0.86 / 137.76 = 0.01 Acceptable

Lug Thickness - Bearing stress

treqd = F / (Dp*σp)
= 2,493.8 / (22.23*206.64) = 0.54 mm

treqd / t = 0.54 / 12.7 = 0.04 Acceptable

σ = F / Abearing
= F / (Dp*(t))
= 2,493.8 / (22.23*(12.7)) = 8.84 MPa

σ / σp = 8.84 / 206.64 = 0.04 Acceptable

Lug Thickness - Shear stress

treqd = [Fv / σs] / (2*Lshear)

= (2,493.8 / 91.84) / (2*54.49) = 0.25 mm

treqd / t = 0.25 / 12.7 = 0.02 Acceptable

τ = Fv / Ashear
= Fv / (2*t*Lshear )
= 2,493.8 / (2*12.7*54.49) = 1.8 MPa

τ / σs = 1.8 / 91.84 = 0.02 Acceptable

Shear stress length (per Pressure Vessel and Stacks, A. Keith Escoe)

φ = 55*Dp / d
= 55*22.23 / 25.4
= 48.125 deg
Lshear = (H - a2 - 0.5*d) + 0.5*Dp*(1 - cos(φ))
= (127 - 63.5 - 0.5*25.4) + 0.5*22.23*(1 - cos(48.125))
= 54.49 mm

Lug Plate Stress

Lug stress tensile + bending during lift:

σ ratio = [Ften / (Aten*σt)] + [Mbend / (Zbend*σb)] ≤ 1
= [(Ftail(α)*cos(α) ) / (t*L*σt)] + [(6*abs(Ftail(α)*sin(α)*Hght - Ftail(α)*cos(α)*a1) ) / (t*L2*σb)] ≤ 1
2,493.8*cos(0.0) / (12.7*254*137.76) + 6*abs(2,493.8*sin(0.0)*63.5 - 2,493.8*cos(0.0)*25.4) /
=
(12.7*2542*153.07)
= 0.01 Acceptable

Weld Stress

Weld stress, tensile, bending and shear during lift:

Direct shear:

Maximum shear stress occurs at lift angle 0.00 deg; lift force = 2,493.8 N

Flug
= Ftop / cos(φ)

= 2,493.8 / cos(0.0) = 2,493.8 N

Aweld
= 2*(0.707)*tw*(L + t)

= 2*(0.707)*6.35*(254 + 12.7) = 2,394.67 mm2

τt
= Ftail*cos(α) / Aweld

= 2,493.8*cos(0.0) / 2,394.67 = 1.04 MPa

τs
= Ftail*sin(α) / Aweld

= 2,493.8*sin(0.0) / 2,394.67 = 0 MPa

τb = M*c/I
= 3*(Flug*sin(β)*Hght - Flug*cos(β)*a1) / (0.707*h*L*(3*t + L))
3*abs(2,493.8*sin(0.0)*63.5 - 2,493.8*cos(0.0)*(25.4)) /
=
(333087.5596)
= 0.57 MPa
τ ratio = sqr( (τt + τb)2 + τs2 ) / τallowable ≤ 1
= sqr ( (1.04 + 0.57)2 + (0)2 ) / 91.84
= 0.02 Acceptable

WRC 537 Analysis

Maximum stress ratio occurs at lift angle = 24.00 deg with lift force = 2,312.2 N

Geometry

Height (radial) 127 mm

Width (circumferential) 12.7 mm

Length 254 mm

Fillet Weld Size: 6.35 mm

Located On Cylinder #1 (47.6 mm from bottom end)

Location Angle 90.00 deg

Applied Loads

Radial load, Pr -2,112.26 N

Circumferential moment, Mc 0 N-m

Circumferential shear, Vc 0N

Longitudinal moment, ML 113.4 N-m

Longitudinal shear, VL 940.44 N

Torsion moment, Mt 0 N-m

Internal pressure, P 0 MPa

Mean shell radius, Rm 303.5 mm

Design factor 3

Maximum stresses due to the applied loads at the lug edge

γ = Rm / T = 303.5 / 7 = 43.3571

C1 = 12.7, C2 = 50.8 mm

Note: Actual lug C1 / C2 < 1 / 4, C1 / C2 = 1 / 4 used as this is the minimum ratio covered by WRC 537.

Local circumferential pressure stress = P*Ri / T =0 MPa

Local longitudinal pressure stress = P*Ri / (2*T) =0 MPa

Maximum combined stress (PL+Pb+Q) = 64.27 MPa

Allowable combined stress (PL+Pb+Q) = ±3*S = ±414 MPa

The maximum combined stress (PL+Pb+Q) is within allowable limits.

Maximum local primary membrane stress (PL) = 12.78 MPa

Allowable local primary membrane stress (PL) = ±1.5*S = ±207 MPa

The maximum local primary membrane stress (PL) is within allowable limits.
 Stresses at the lug edge per WRC Bulletin 537
Figure Y β Au Al Bu Bl Cu Cl Du Dl
3C* 5.2278 0.1239 0 0 0 0 5.199 5.199 5.199 5.199

4C* 7.3182 0.1004 7.274 7.274 7.274 7.274 0 0 0 0

1C 0.1485 0.0736 0 0 0 0 38.404 -38.404 38.404 -38.404

2C-1 0.1076 0.0736 27.82 -27.82 27.82 -27.82 0 0 0 0

3A* 0.7429 0.0664 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1A 0.1006 0.0833 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3B* 5.2939 0.1054 -5.502 -5.502 5.502 5.502 0 0 0 0

1B-1 0.0474 0.0915 -23.677 23.677 23.677 -23.677 0 0 0 0

Pressure stress* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total circumferential
5.916 -2.372 64.273 -38.721 43.602 -33.205 43.602 -33.205
stress

Primary membrane
1.772 1.772 12.776 12.776 5.199 5.199 5.199 5.199
circumferential stress*

3C* 6.1144 0.1004 6.081 6.081 6.081 6.081 0 0 0 0

4C* 6.9437 0.1239 0 0 0 0 6.902 6.902 6.902 6.902

1C-1 0.1239 0.1046 32.054 -32.054 32.054 -32.054 0 0 0 0

2C 0.0735 0.1046 0 0 0 0 19.016 -19.016 19.016 -19.016

4A* 1.3517 0.0664 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2A 0.0502 0.1104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4B* 1.0965 0.1054 -2.089 -2.089 2.089 2.089 0 0 0 0

2B-1 0.0613 0.1265 -22.18 22.18 22.18 -22.18 0 0 0 0

Pressure stress* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total longitudinal stress 13.865 -5.881 62.404 -46.064 25.917 -12.114 25.917 -12.114

Primary membrane
3.992 3.992 8.17 8.17 6.902 6.902 6.902 6.902
longitudinal stress*

Shear from M t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Circ shear from V c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Long shear from V L 0 0 0 0 -0.662 -0.662 0.662 0.662

Total Shear stress 0 0 0 0 -0.662 -0.662 0.662 0.662

Combined stress
13.865 -5.881 64.273 -46.064 43.63 -33.226 43.63 -33.226
(PL+Pb+Q)

* denotes primary stress.