Lab Manual

Course Title : INTERNET OF THINGS LABORATORY

1
 1a. Blinking LED

AIM:

To write a program to Blink an LED using Raspberry pi.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Raspberry pi

2. Breadboard

3. Jumper wires

4. Resistor

5. LED

PROCEDURE:

STEP1: Start the process.

STEP2: Connect micro USB power input to Raspberry pi

STEP3: Connect HDMI to the system to act as monitor for Raspberry pi.

STEP4: Connect USB port 2.0 to mouse and keyboard.

STEP5: Open Thony →enter coding →save as →file extension python or py.

STEP6: Make the necessary connections of the LED based on the GPIO configuration
specified in the program.

STEP7: Load the program into raspberry pi using the Load Tab and Run the program.

STEP8: The status of the LED is printed in the thony terminal

STEP9: Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

from gpiozero import LED

from time import sleep
led = LED(2)
while True:
led.on()
print('LED ON')
sleep(3)
led.off()
print('LED OFF')
sleep(3)

2
OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The above program to blink an LED using Raspberry Pi is successfully executed.

3
 1b. Interfacing Push Button

AIM:

To write a program to interfacing a push button to blink an LED using Raspberry pi.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Raspberry pi

2. Breadboard

3. Jumper wires

4. Resistor

5. LED

6.Push button.

PROCEDURE:

STEP1: Start the process.

STEP2: Connect micro-USB power input to Raspberry pi

STEP3: Connect HDMI to the system to act as monitor for Raspberry pi.

STEP4: Connect USB port 2.0 to mouse and keyboard.

STEP5: Open Thony →enter coding →save as →file extension python or py.

STEP6: Make the necessary connections of the LED based on the GPIO configuration
specified in the program.

STEP7: Load the program into raspberry pi using the Load Tab and Run the program.

STEP8: The status of the LED is printed in the thony terminal

STEP9: Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

from gpiozero import LED

from gpiozero import Button
led = LED(23)
button = Button(24)
while True:
button.wait_for_press()

4
 led.on()
button.wait_for_release()
led.off()

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The above program to blink an LED using Raspberry Pi is successfully executed.

5
 2. Temperature measurement

AIM:

To write a program to find the temperature using temperature and humidity sensor
using Raspberry Pi.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Raspberry pi

2. Breadboard

3. Jumper wires

4. Resistor

5. Temperature and humidity

PROCEDURE:

STEP1: Start the process.

STEP2: Connect micro USB power input to Raspberry pi

STEP3: Connect HDMI to the system to act as monitor for Raspberry pi.

STEP4: Connect USB port 2.0 to mouse and keyboard.

STEP5: Open Thony →enter coding →save as →file extension python or py.

STEP6: Make the necessary connections of the temperature and humidity sensor
specified in the program.

STEP7: Load the program into raspberry pi using the Load Tab and Run the program.

STEP8: The status of the LED is printed in the thony terminal

STEP9: Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

import time
import board
import adafruit_dht
dhtDevice = adafruit_dht.DHT11(board.D3)
while True:
try:

temperature_c = dhtDevice.temperature
temperature_f = temperature_c * (9 / 5) + 32
humidity = dhtDevice.humidity

6
 print("Temp: {:.1f} F / {:.1f} C Humidity: {}% "
.format(temperature_f, temperature_c, humidity))
except RuntimeError as error:
print(error.args[0])
time.sleep(2.0)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The above program to find temperature and humidity sensor using Raspberry Pi is
successfully executed.

7
 3. Interfacing LDR to control LED.

AIM:

To write a program to find the temperature using temperature and humidity sensor
using Raspberry Pi.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Raspberry pi

2. Breadboard

3. Jumper wires

4. Resistor

5. LED

6.LDR

PROCEDURE:

STEP1: Start the process.

STEP2: Connect micro USB power input to Raspberry pi

STEP3: Connect HDMI to the system to act as monitor for Raspberry pi.

STEP4: Connect USB port 2.0 to mouse and keyboard.

STEP5: Open Thony →enter coding →save as →file extension python or py.

STEP6: Make the necessary connections to interface a LDR to control LED using
Raspberry Pi.

STEP7: Load the program into raspberry pi using the Load Tab and Run the program.

STEP8: The status of the LED is printed in the thony terminal

STEP9: Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

import time
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
delayt = .1
value = 0
ldr = 7
led = 11
GPIO.setup(led, GPIO.OUT)

8
GPIO.output(led, False)
def rc_time (ldr):
count = 0
GPIO.setup(ldr, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(ldr, False)
time.sleep(delayt)
GPIO.setup(ldr, GPIO.IN)
while (GPIO.input(ldr) == 0):
count += 1
return count
try:
# Main loop
while True:
print("Ldr Value:")
value = rc_time(ldr)
print(value)
if ( value <= 100):
print("Lights are ON")
GPIO.output(led, True)
if (value > 100):
print("Lights are OFF")
GPIO.output(led, False)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
finally:
GPIO.cleanup()

RESULT:

The above program to interfacing LDR to control ED using Raspberry Pi is successfully

executed.

9
 4. Controlling LED from web server.

AIM:

To write a program to control a LED from web server using Raspberry Pi.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Raspberry pi

2. Breadboard

3. Jumper wires

4. Resistor

5. LED

PROCEDURE:

STEP1: Start the process.

STEP2: Connect micro USB power input to Raspberry pi

STEP3: Connect HDMI to the system to act as monitor for Raspberry pi.

STEP4: Connect USB port 2.0 to mouse and keyboard.

STEP5: Open Thony →enter coding →save as →file extension python or py.

STEP6: Make the necessary connections of the LED to control it from web server using
Raspberry Pi.

STEP7: Load the program into raspberry pi using the Load Tab and Run the program.

STEP8: The status of the LED is printed in the thony terminal

STEP9: Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

import os
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
host_name = '192.168.1.6' # IP Address of Raspberry Pi
host_port = 4900

def setupGPIO():
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setup(18, GPIO.OUT)

10
class MyServer(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_HEAD(self):
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header('Content-type', 'text/html')
self.end_headers()
def _redirect(self, path):
self.send_response(303)
self.send_header('Content-type', 'text/html')
self.send_header('Location', path)
self.end_headers()
def do_GET(self):
html = '''
<html>
<body
style="width:960px; margin: 20px auto;">
<h1>Welcome to my Raspberry Pi</h1>
<form action="/" method="POST">
Turn LED :
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="On">
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Off">
</form>
</body>
</html>
'''
self.do_HEAD()
self.wfile.write(html.format().encode("utf-8"))
def do_POST(self):
content_length = int(self.headers['Content-Length'])
post_data = self.rfile.read(content_length).decode("utf-8")
post_data = post_data.split("=")[1]
setupGPIO()
if post_data == 'On':
GPIO.output(18, GPIO.HIGH)
else:
GPIO.output(18, GPIO.LOW)
print("LED is {}".format(post_data))
self._redirect('/')

# # # # # Main # # # # #
if __name__ == '__main__':
http_server = HTTPServer((host_name, host_port), MyServer)
print("Server Starts - %s:%s" % (host_name, host_port))
try:
http_server.serve_forever()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
http_server.server_close()

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The above program to control LED from web server using Raspberry Pi is successfully
executed.

12
 5. Distance Measurement.

AIM:

To write a program to measure the distance using ultrasonic sensor using Raspberry Pi.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Raspberry pi

2. Breadboard

3. Jumper wires

4. Register

5. Sensor

PROCEDURE:

STEP1: Start the process.

STEP2: Connect micro USB power input to Raspberry pi

STEP3: Connect HDMI to the system to act as monitor for Raspberry pi.

STEP4: Connect USB port 2.0 to the mouse and keyboard.

STEP5: Open Thony →enter coding →save as →file extension python or py.

STEP6: Make the necessary connections of the ultrasonic sensor to control it using
Raspberry Pi.

STEP7: Load the program into raspberry pi using the Load Tab and Run the program.

STEP8: The distance is measured in printed in the thony terminal

STEP9: Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

import time

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

GPIO_TRIGGER = 17

GPIO_ECHO = 27 6

GPIO.setup(GPIO_TRIGGER, GPIO.OUT)

13
GPIO.setup(GPIO_ECHO, GPIO.IN)

def distance():

GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, True)

time.sleep(0.00001)

GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, False)

start_time = time.time()

stop_time = time.time()

while GPIO.input(GPIO_ECHO) == 0:

start_time = time.time()

while GPIO.input(GPIO_ECHO) == 1:

stop_time = time.time()

time_elapsed = stop_time - start_time

distance = (time_elapsed * 34300) / 2

return distance

if __name__ == '__main__':

try:

while True:

dist = distance()

print("Distance: %.1f cm" % dist)

time.sleep(1)

except KeyboardInterrupt:

GPIO.cleanup()

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The above program to measure the distance using ultrasonic sensor using Raspberry Pi
is successfully executed.

15
 6. Servo Motors.

AIM:

To write a program to control servo motors using Raspberry Pi.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Raspberry Pi

2. Jumper wires

3. Servo motor

5. Computer.

PROCEDURE:

STEP1: Start the process.

STEP2: Connect micro USB power input to Raspberry pi

STEP3: Connect HDMI to the system to act as monitor for Raspberry pi.

STEP4: Connect USB port 2.0 to the mouse and keyboard.

STEP5: Open Thony →enter coding →save as →file extension python or py.

STEP6: Make the necessary connections to control servo motors using Raspberry Pi.

STEP7: Load the program into raspberry pi using the Load Tab and Run the program.

STEP8: The status of the Servo motor is printed in the thony terminal

STEP9: Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

import time

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)

GPIO.setup(11,GPIO.OUT)

servo1 = GPIO.PWM(11,50)

servo1.start(0)

try:

while True:

16
 angle = float(input('Enter angle between 0 & 180: '))

servo1.ChangeDutyCycle(2+(angle/18))

time.sleep(0.5)

servo1.ChangeDutyCycle(0)

finally:

servo1.stop()

GPIO.cleanup()

OUTPUT:

Enter Angle between 0 and 180:- 45°

RESULT:

The above program to control servo motors using Raspberry Pi is successfully executed.

17
 7. Temperature and Humidity Data in Thingspeak cloud.

AIM:

To write a program to measure temperature and humidity over thingspeak cloud with
Raspberry Pi.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Raspberry Pi

2. Bread board.

3. Jumper Wire

4.Temperature and Humidity sensor.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start the process

Step 2: Connect micro USB power input HDMI to the system to act as a monitor Step for
Raspberry Pi

Step 3: Connect HDMI to the system.

Step 4: Connect USB port 2.0 to mouse, keyboard.

Step 5: Open think speak, connect to the browser, click Sign in & create an account.

Step 6: Create a new channel acquire temperature & humidity data.

Step 7: Select the required fields for this program to data.

Step 8: Rename the fields to temperature & humidity & save the changes.

Step 9: New channel has been created, note down & write API key from API key table.

Step 10: Open thony - enter coding - Save as file tension as python or py

Step 11: Make the necessary connection the temperature & humidity sensor specified
program.

Step 12: Load the program into Raspberry Pi using program y the load tab and run it.

Step 13: The temperature and humidity reading will be reflected in think speak.

18
step 14: The statue of the temperature & humidity, measurement will be printed in Stop
the process. thony terminal.

step 15:Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

import time

import board

import adafruit_dht

import requests

import random

dhtDevice = adafruit_dht.DHT11(board.D26)

url = "https://api.thingspeak.com/update.json"

while True:

try:

api_key = "14W8WKW7GW9N4KWX"

temperature_c = dhtDevice.temperature

temperature_f = temperature_c * (9 / 5) + 32

humidity = dhtDevice.humidity

print("Temp: {:.1f} F / {:.1f} C Humidity: {}% "

.format(temperature_f, temperature_c, humidity))

payload = {'api_key': api_key, 'field1': temperature_c, 'field2': humidity}

response = requests.post(url, json=payload)

except RuntimeError as error:

print(error.args[0])

time.sleep(2.0)

19
OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The above program to measure temperature and humidity over the thingspeak cloud is
successfully executed.

20
 8. Interfacing Server data over Bluetooth.

AIM:

To write a program to transfer sensor data over Bluetooth using Raspberry Pi.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Raspberry Pi

2. Bread board.

3. Jumper Wire

4.DHT11 Sensor.

PROCEDURE:

STEP 1: Start the process.

STEP 2: Connect micro USB power input to Raspberry pi

STEP 3: Connect HDMI to the system to act as monitor for Raspberry pi.

STEP 4: Connect USB port 2.0 to the mouse and keyboard.

STEP 5: Open Thony →enter coding →save as →file extension python or py.

STEP 6: Make the necessary connections to control servo motors using Raspberry Pi.

STEP 7: Load the program into raspberry pi using the Load Tab and Run the program.

STEP 8: Install phone P13 bluetooth manager in the smart

Step 9: pair the smartphone with raspberry pi using Bluetooth

Step 10: Open the bluetooth manager in the mobile phone and conned the device with the
appropriate device.

Step 11: Open the connection is established, the temperature & humidity data is
transferred to the phone through the application

STEP 12: Stop the process.

21
PROGRAM:

import bluetooth

import time

import board

import adafruit_dht

server_sock = bluetooth.BluetoothSocket(bluetooth.RFCOMM)

port = 1

server_sock.bind(("", port))

server_sock.listen(1)

print("Waiting for connection on RFCOMM channel %d" % port)

client_sock, address = server_sock.accept()

print("Accepted connection from ", address)

while True:

dhtDevice = adafruit_dht.DHT11(board.D14)

time.sleep(2)

temperature_c = dhtDevice.temperature

humidity = dhtDevice.humidity

print("Temp: {:.1f} C Humidity: {}% ".format(temperature_c, humidity))

data = "Temperature={}*C;Humidity={}%".format(temperature_c, humidity)

client_sock.send(data)

client_sock.close()

server_sock.close()

22
OUTPUT:

23
RESULT:

The above program to transfer sensor data over Bluetooth is successfully executed.

9. Interfacing OLED .

AIM:

To write a program for interfacing OLED using Raspberry Pi.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Raspberry Pi

2. Jumper Wire

3.OLED Screen.

4.DHT11 Sensor.

PROCEDURE:

STEP 1: Start the process.

STEP 2: Connect micro USB power input to Raspberry pi

STEP 3: Connect HDMI to the system to act as monitor for Raspberry pi.

STEP 4: Connect USB port 2.0 to the mouse and keyboard.

STEP 5: Open Thony →enter coding →save as →file extension python or py.

STEP 6: Make the necessary connections to temperature and humidity sensor using
Raspberry Pi.

STEP 7: Load the program into raspberry pi using the Load Tab and Run the program.

STEP 8: The status of the temperature and humidity reducing will be displayed in the
thony terminal

STEP 9: Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

import time

24
import subprocess

import board

import adafruit_dht

from board import SLL, SDA import bus 10

from PIL import Image, Image Draw, Image fort

import adafruit - ssd 1306.

12c = bus 10. T2C (SCL, SDA)

dip adafruit-sed 1206. SSD1306 - I2C (128, 33, 120)

disp fill (0)

disp . show ()

width=disp. Width

height=disp. height

image=Image new ("." (width, height))

draw =Image Draw Draw(image) draw rectangle (10,0, width, height). culture = 0, fill=0)

padding=2

top =padding

bottom =height-padding

font= Image Font load- default ()

font = Image font. true type ("/wm share/ font / true type / dejaire / Deavere

- Py #f', q)

dht Device adafruit -dht. DHT!! (board DIT, we-pulse io=False)

while True:

draw.rectangle (10,0, width, height), outline =0,fill=0)

temperature-c= dht. Device temperature

humidity= dht Device humidity

draw.text (.top+io), "IP: "+IP,

draw.text ((x, topt+8), "CPU load:" file 255) +CPU, front font, fill-225)

25
draw.text (12, top + 10)," Temperature: " + str temperature -c),

print ("Temp : {:1F } C Humidity: {}/." format fill size: 225) (temperature -c, humidity)) ,

disp. image (image)

disp .show()

time .sleep (0.1)

OUTPUT:

Temperature: 30.0 C Humidity: 57%

Result:

The above program for interfacing OLED is successfully executed.

26
 10. MQTT

AIM:

To Write a program on Arduino/Raspberry Pi to publish temperature data to MQTT

broker.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Raspberry Pi

2. Bread board.

3. Jumper Wire

4.DHT11 Sensor.

5.Resistor

PROCEDURE:

STEP 1: Start the process.

STEP 2: Connect micro USB power input to Raspberry pi

STEP 3: Connect HDMI to the system to act as monitor for Raspberry pi.

STEP 4: Connect USB port 2.0 to the mouse and keyboard.

STEP 5: Open Thony →enter coding →save as →file extension python or py.

STEP 6: Make the necessary connections of the temperature and the humidity sensor
using Raspberry Pi.

STEP 7: Load the program into raspberry pi using the Load Tab and Run the program.

STEP 8: The status of the temperature and humidity reducing will be displayed in the
thony terminal

STEP 9: Stop the process.

27
PROGRAM:

Subscribe.py

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt

# MQTT broker settings

mqtt_broker = "localhost"
mqtt_port = 1883
mqtt_topic = "Temperature"

# create an MQTT client object

client = mqtt.Client()

# callback function to handle incoming messages

def on_message(client, userdata, message):
# print temperature data
print("Temperature", message.payload.decode())

# set the on_message callback function

client.on_message = on_message

# connect to the MQTT broker and subscribe to the temperature topic

client.connect(mqtt_broker, mqtt_port)
client.subscribe(mqtt_topic)

# start the MQTT client loop to receive incoming messages

client.loop_forever()

Publish.py

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt

import time
import random
import board
import adafruit_dht
# MQTT broker settings
#broker_address = "192.168.1.4:1883"
mqtt_broker = "1ocalhost"
mqtt_port = 1883
mqtt_topic = "Temperature"

# create an MQTT client object

client = mqtt.Client()

# connect to the MQTT broker

28
client.connect("localhost", 1883 , 60)
dhtDevice = adafruit_dht.DHT11(board.D2, use_pulseio=False)
while True:

# simulate temperature reading between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius

temperature_c = dhtDevice.temperature
#break
#except RuntimeError as e:
# print("Error reading temperature data: ", e)
# print("Retrying...")

print("Temperature:", temperature_c)
# publish temperature data to the MQTT broker
client.publish(mqtt_topic, temperature_c)

# wait for 1 second before publishing the next temperature reading

time.sleep(3)
# continue

# disconnect from the MQTT broker

client.disconnect()

OUTPUT:

Publisher:

Temperature : 32

Subscriber:

Temperature : 32

RESULT:

The above program to publish temperature data to MQTT broker is successfully executed.

29
 11. Detection of obstacle.

AIM:

To Detect obstacles using infrared sensor and measure the distance using ultrasonic
sensor

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Raspberry Pi

2. Bread board.

3. Infrared Sensor

4.Ultrasonic Sensor.

5.Resistor

6.Jumper Wire

PROCEDURE:

STEP 1: Start the process.

STEP 2: Connect micro USB power input to Raspberry pi

STEP 3: Connect HDMI to the system to act as monitor for Raspberry pi.

STEP 4: Connect USB port 2.0 to the mouse and keyboard.

STEP 5: Open Thony →enter coding →save as →file extension python or py.

STEP 6: Make the necessary connections of the temperature and the humidity sensor
using Raspberry Pi.

STEP 7: Load the program into raspberry pi using the Load Tab and Run the program.

STEP 8: Set GP10 pin numbering mode & set up to IR sensor module

STEP 9: Set up The IR sensor pin as an input.

STEP 10: Read IR sensor input and obstacle detected,

STEP 11: Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

30
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

# Set GPIO pin numbering mode

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

# Define GPIO pins for the IR sensor module

IR_SENSOR_PIN = 21

# Set up the IR sensor pin as an input

GPIO.setup(IR_SENSOR_PIN, GPIO.IN)

# Main program loop

while True:
# Read the IR sensor input
ir_input = GPIO.input(IR_SENSOR_PIN)

# If an obstacle is detected, print a message to the terminal

if ir_input == GPIO.HIGH:
print("Obstacle detected!")

# Wait for 0.5 seconds before taking another reading

time.sleep(0.5)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The above program to Detect obstacles using infrared sensor and measure the distance
using ultrasonic sensor is successfully executed.

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