4.

2 Protection of Transformer
In 30 MVA transformer (1) and transformer (2), instantaneous overcurrent
relay and instantaneous overcurrent ground relay are not employed. But all 30 MVA
transformers are protected by master relay. For 10 MVA transformers, only time
overcurrent relay and time overcurrent ground relay are employed for protection.
For transformer protection, relay settings for time overcurrent and
instantaneous overcurrent relays are assigned as follow
For R51  100% -150% of maximum rated current

For R50  250% of fault current

For R51N  30% of maximum rated current.

For R50N  30% of 250% of fault current

Time multiplier setting (TMS) is set by:

 
 K 
t  TMS    L
  I  
  I S   1 
 
where;
t = Operation Time
K = Factor (see table)
 36

I = Value of measured current

Is = Value of the programmed threshold (pick-up value)
α = Factor (see table)
L = ANSI/IEEE constant (zero for IEC and RECT curves)
T = Time multiplier setting from 0.025 to 1.5

Table 4.1. Constant Factors for Various Overcurrent Relay Curves

Type of curve Standard K factor α factor L factor

Short time inverse AREVA 0.05 0.04 0

Standard inverse IEC 0.14 0.02 0

Very inverse IEC 13.5 1 0

Extremely inverse IEC 80 2 0

4.3 Calculation for Relay Setting of Transformer (100 MVA, 230/66 kV) at High
Tension.

Rated Current = 100MVA

3  kV

= 100MVA
3  230 kV
= 251.02 A
Therefore CT ratio is selected as 200:5
Base Values are

Base MVA = RatedMVA = 100 MVA = 33.3 MVA

3 3

Base kV = RatedkV = 230 kV = 132.8 kV

3 3

Base Current = BaseMVA = 33.3 MVA = 250.75 kV

BasekV 38.1 kV

Base Impedance = BasekV = 132.8kV = 529.04 Ω

Rated Current 251.02 A
(1) Relay Setting Calculation for OCR (51)
Fault Current = 1.5 time of rated current
= 1.5 × 251.02
= 376.53 A
Relay Current = Fault Current × CT ratio
5
=376.53 ×
200
 37

= 9.4 A
Overcurrent setting is taken as 9.4 A

Three phase fault current = BasekV

Transormer Impedance
= 132.8 kV
(0.0113.87  529.04)
= 1809.81 A
Taking operating delay time as 1.2 second, the TMS is obtained from the following
relation:
 
 
 K 
t  TMS   
 L
  I   1 
  Is  

0.14  0 

1.2  TMS   376.53 
0.02

   1
 1809.81 
TMS = 0.26
(2) Relay Setting Calculation for OCGR (51N)
Earth Fault Current = 30% of rated current
= 0.3× 251.02
= 75.31 A
Relay Current = Earth Fault Current × CT ratio
5
= 75.31×
200
= 1.882 A
OCGR (51N) current setting is taken as 1.882 A

1L-G fault current = BasekV

Transormer Impedance

= 132.8kV
0.01 (13.87  13.87  12)  529.04
= 631.66 A
Taking operating delay time as 1.2 second, the TMS is obtained from the following
relation:

 
 K 
t  TMS    L
  I  
  I S   1 
 
 38

0.14  0 
1.2  TMS   631.66 0.02 
 75.31   1
  
TMS = 0.37
(3) Relay Setting Calculation for IOCR (50)
Fault Current = 2.5 time of three phase short circuit current
= 2.5 × 1809.81
= 4524.53 A
Relay Current = Fault Current × CT ratio
5
= 4524.53 ×
200
= 113.113 A
Instantaneous overcurrent setting is taken as 113.113 A

4.4 Calculation for Relay Setting of Transformer (100 MVA, 230/66 kV) at Low
Tension.

Rated Current = 100MVA

3  kV

= 100MVA
3  66kV

= 874.77 A

Therefore CT ratio is selected as 1000:5

Base Values are

Base MVA = RatedMVA = 100MVA = 33.3 MVA

3 3

Base kV = RatedkV = 66kV = 38.1 kV

3 3

BaseMVA 33.3MVA
Base Current = = = 874.02 A
BasekV 38.1kV
BasekV 38.1kV
Base Impedance = = = 43.5 Ω
Rated Current 874.77 A
(1) Relay Setting Calculation for OCR (51)

Fault Current = 1.5 time of rated current

 39

= 1.5 × 874.77
= 1312.155 A
Relay Current = Fault Current × CT ratio
5
= 1312.155 ×
1000
=6.56 A
Overcurrent setting is taken as 6.56 A

Three phase fault current = BasekV

Transormer Impedance
38.1kV
=
(0.0113.87  43.5)
= 6314.8 A

Taking operating delay time as 1.2 second, the TMS is obtained from the following
relation:
K  L 
t  TMS   I  α 
 I   1
 s  
0.14  0 
1.2  TMS   1312.155 0.02 
 6314.8   1
  
TMS = 0.26

(2) Relay Setting Calculation for OCGR (51N)

Earth Fault Current = 30% of rated current
= 0.3 × 874.77
= 262.43 A
Relay Current = Earth Fault Current × CT ratio
5
= 262.43 ×
1000
= 1.312 A
OCGR (51N) current setting is taken as 1.312 A

1L-G fault current = BasekV

Transormer Impedance
38.1 kV
=
0.01 (13.87  13.87  12)  43.5
 40

= 2203.98 A
Taking operating delay time as 1.2 second, the TMS is obtained from the following
relation:
K  L 
t  TMS   I  α 
 I   1
 s  
0.14  0 

1.2  TMS  2203.98 0.02

 262.43   1
  
TMS = 0.37
(3) Relay Setting Calculation for IOCR (50)
Fault Current = 2.5 time of three phase short circuit current
= 2.5 × 6314.8
= 15787 A
Relay Current = Fault Current × CT ratio
5
= 15787 ×
1000
= 78.94 A
IOCR (50) current setting is taken as 78.94 A