A REPORT ON

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

OF
/……..

LOCATION: DHANGADHI SUB-METROPOLITAN CITY

 Contents
List of Figures...............................................................................................iii
List of Tables................................................................................................iv
1 Introduction............................................................................................1
2 Description of the project......................................................................3
2.1 Architectural configuration of Building.......................................................................3
2.2 Location of Building.....................................................................................................3
3 Numerical modeling...............................................................................5
4 Structural analysis..................................................................................7
4.1 Load cases considered..................................................................................................7
4.2 Load combination.........................................................................................................7
4.3 Mass Source..................................................................................................................8
4.4 Dead loads....................................................................................................................8
4.5 Live load.......................................................................................................................9
4.6 Wind load..................................................................................................................10
4.7 Seismic load................................................................................................................13
4.7.1 Seismic coefficient method.................................................................................13
4.7.2 Modal analysis and modal mass participation....................................................15
4.7.3 Seismic Weight and Base Shear..........................................................................15
4.7.4 Storey Drift Calculations.....................................................................................16
5 Design....................................................................................................18
5.1 Design Summary........................................................................................................18
5.1.1 Column Design Summary...................................................................................18
5.1.2 Truss System.......................................................................................................19
5.1.3 Foundation Design Summary..............................................................................20
6 Conclusion.............................................................................................21
7 ANNEXES.............................................................................................22

ii
List of Figures
Figure 2-3 : Seismic Hazard of Himalayas.................................................................................4
Figure 3-1 : 3D model created in SAP........................................................................................5
Figure 3-2 : Typical Elevation of building in X direction Modeled in SAP...............................6
Figure 3-3 : Typical Elevation of building in Y direction modeled in SAP...............................6
Figure 4-1 : Roofing sheet dead load..........................................................................................9
Figure 4-2 : Roof live load........................................................................................................10
Figure 4-3 : Wind load (WX -ve)..............................................................................................13
Figure 4-4 : Displacement in Eqx.............................................................................................16
Figure 4-5 : Displacement in Eqy.............................................................................................16
Figure 5-1 : SAP passed section on model................................................................................18
Figure 5-2 : Truss System.........................................................................................................19
Figure 5-3 : Truss Section.........................................................................................................19
Figure 5-4 : Base reaction for footing design (1.5 LL + 1.5 DL).............................................20

List of Tables
Table 2-1 : Building Description.................................................................................................3

iii
Table 4-1 : Mass source..............................................................................................................8
Table 4-2 : Dead loads unit weight.............................................................................................8
Table 4-3 : Dead load applied.....................................................................................................8
Table 4-4 :Live load applied.......................................................................................................9
Table 4-5 : Pressure to be applied (KN/sq.m)...........................................................................12
Table 4-6 Pressure Coefficients...............................................................................................12
Table 4-7 : Modal mass participation ratio from SAP..............................................................15
Table 4-8 : Drift Calculations for Earthquake Loads for SLS..................................................16
Table 4-9 : Drift Calculations for Earthquake Loads for ULS..................................................17

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

iv
This report focuses on structural design of commercial truss building located at Dhangadhi. It
summarizes design assumption, methodology and follows up of codes and standards for the
building with proper consideration of the earthquake resistant design criteria following the
Nepal National Building Code and Indian Standard Code 2016.

The primary objective of the project is to analyze and design the structural elements of the
buildings based on NBC and Indian standards. The seismic coefficient method is adopted to
analyze the earthquake response of the building.

Finite element analysis showed that the anticipated performance of the buildings subjected to
the design earthquake meets NBC code seismic hazard level requirement for building. The
building response for drift, displacement are also calculated.

The following conclusions can be drawn from this report:

The building is designed to complying the guidelines and the Nepali standards.

Story drifts are within the acceptable limits under DBE level earthquakes.

** The structural design is carried on the architectural drawing provided. This report solely emphases and
confines itself to technical aspects of the building and does not comment on other aspects of the building.

v
 1 Introduction
The design of the structure is a sequential and iterative process. It has been gone through the
provided architectural drawing so as the basic structural system is worked out as accordingly.
The scope of the work is to perform structural analysis and design of this building and to
generate Structural drawing. The effort has been made to analyze and generate design sheets
and drawings.

The basic aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the
intended purpose during its estimated life span (50 years), economical in terms of initial and
maintenance cost, durable and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. A structure is
considered to be structurally sound, if the individual elements and the structure as a whole
satisfy the criteria for strength, stability and serviceability and in seismic areas additional
criteria for ductility and energy absorption capabilities. The overall structure must be strong
enough to transfer all loads through the structure to the ground without collapsing or loosing
structural integrity by rupture of the material at the critical sections, by transformation of the
whole or parts into mechanisms or by instability. This strength criterion is valid for all loads
that will normally be applied to the structure during its lifetime. The concern is needed for the
structure to have structural integrity. For load transfer mechanism, loads applied in the
structure are transferred from slab to beam, beam to column and from column to safely to
foundation. In high risk seismic areas, structures should be ductile and capable of dissipating
energy through inelastic actions.

Earthquakes occur due to the vibration of the earth’s surface caused by waves originating
from a source of disturbance inside the earth mass. The cause of vibration may be volcanic
eruption, tectonic activity, landslides, rock falls or even manmade explosions. Although, they
last for few seconds only, they may be the most destructive ones.

During an earthquake, ground motion occurs in a random fashion in all directions. These
ground motions cause structures to vibrate and induce inertial forces on them. Thus structure
located in such locations need to be suitably designed and detailed so as to counteract these
 forces. During the shaking event, the level of damage should be such that it can be
economically repaired. The main philosophy of seismic design is, therefore, to obtain a no
collapse structure rather than no damage structure.

Thus, the philosophy of seismic design can be summarized as follows:

1. Resist minor earthquakes without damage.

2. Resist moderate earthquake with minor structural and some non-structural damage.
3. Resist major catastrophic earthquakes without collapse.
The structures are generally designed for much lower seismic forces than what it may actually
experience during its life time. Since the structure is expected to undergo damage in the event
of a severe shaking, reliance is placed on the inelastic response of the structure beyond yield.

Therefore, structures have to be ductile and capable of dissipating energy through inelastic
actions. Ductility can be achieved by avoiding brittle modes of failures. Brittle modes of
failures include, shear and bond failure.

2
 2 Description of the project
2.1 Architectural configuration of Building
The building to be analyzed and designed here is a one-storied building with truss
arrangement proposed to be constructed at Dhangadhi. The building description is presented
in figure below

Table 2-1 : Building Description

General features
Building Type Commercial
Location Dhangadhi
Ground Floor Area 2100 sq. ft
Architectural features
Number of story One story
Floor to Floor Height 10 ft
Total Height of the Building: 10 ft up to eaves level
Building Lateral Dimensions (Maximum ) Along X: 70 ft
Along Y: 30 ft
Wall and Partition AAC Block
Structural features
Structural System Moment Resisting Steel Frame Structure
Foundation Type RCC Isolated foundation
Loads Resisting Elements
Columns Square Hollow Sections
Beams Square Hollow Sections
Floor Joists Square Hollow Sections
Truss element Square Hollow Sections
Geotechnical Features
Soil Test Un Available
Soil Type (assumed) Type C
Seismic factor considered: 0.4
Allowable bearing capacity assumed 100 KN/m2
Material
Grade of Structural Steel Fe 250
Grade of concrete: M20 (for pedestal column)
Grade of Reinforcement steel for RCC Fe 500

2.2 Location of Building

Nepal is highly vulnerable to earthquake hazards. As per IS 1893:2016 (Part 1), Nepal can be
predicted to lies in high seismic risk (Zones V) as shown in Figure 2-3. The site is in

3
Dhangadhi and it belongs to the higher seismic risk zone V.As per NBC the sesmic factor of
0.4 is taken

Figure 2-1 : Seismic Hazard of Himalayas

4
 3 Numerical modeling
The building is modeled in a tool SAPv22. SAP is Finite Element based tool which analyze
the structure from the connectivity of joints, frames. The structural members i.e. Column,
beams, are modeled as a frame member with node to node connectivity..The support condition
at the base is idealized as a fixed support. The moment release at the beam/column joints is
neglected.

5
Figure 3-2 : 3D model created in SAP

6
Figure 3-3 : Typical Elevation of building in X direction Modeled in SAP

Figure 3-4 : Typical Elevation of building in Y direction modeled in SAP

7
 4 Structural analysis
For the purpose of structural analysis various Indian Standard Codes and Nepali codes are
followed for loadings, load combinations and other analysis procedures.

4.1 Load cases considered

Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building

I. Dead Load (DL)

II. Live load (LL)
III. Earthquake load in X-direction (EQx)
IV. Earthquake load in Y-direction (EQy)
V. Wind load (W)

4.2 Load combination

Following load combinations have been adopted as per NBC2077 for Static Analysis.
I. 1.2DL + 1.5LL
II. DL + λLL + E....................................................................................(3.6.1) Where, λ =
0.6 for storage facilities = 0.3 for other usage

Where, DL= Dead load

LL = Imposed (Live) load
E = Earthquake load along X/Y direction
Following load combinations have been adopted for Truss Element as per Is code.
I. 1.2DL + 1.2LL+1.2WL
II. 1.5DL+1.5WL
III. 0.9DL+1.5WL
Where, DL= Dead load
LL = Imposed (Live) load

WL = Wind load along X/Y direction

8
4.3 Mass Source
Following mass source have been adopted as per NBC2077 for Seismic Analysis.

Table 4-2 : Mass source

Dead load 1

4.4 Dead loads

Dead loads are assumed to be produced by columns, and truss element . The weight of
building materials are taken as per IS 875 (Part 1-1987).

Table 4-3 : Dead loads unit weight

Materials Unit weight
Reinforced Concrete (for foundation) 25.00 KN/m³
Structural Steel 77.00 KN/m3
Reinforcement Steel 78.50 KN/m³

Table 4-4 : Dead load applied

Roofing sheet load 0.131 KN/sq.m on roof

9
 Figure 4-5 : Roofing sheet dead load

4.5 Live load

Live loads are applied on floor slabs on the basis of usage of rooms, as specified in IS 875
part II.

Table 4-5 :Live load applied

Roof live load 0.75 KN/sq.m

10
 Figure 4-6 : Roof live load

4.6 Wind load

Span of Truss = 9.75 m
Length of = 21.336 m
Structure
Height of = 0.9 m
Structure
Height to Eaves = 3.048 m
Class of Structure = GENERA
L
Basic Wind Speed = 47 m/s
(Vb)
Permeability of = 0.04
Structure
Terrain Type = Category 2
Height Above = 3.048 m

11
 Ground

Design Wind Speed (Vz)

Vz = Vb k1 k2 k3 k4
where ;
Vz = design wind speed at height z, in m/s
Vb = basic wind speed,
m/s
k1 = probability factor (risk
coefficient)
k2 = terrain roughness and height factor
k3 = topography factor
k4 = importance factor for the cyclonic region

Vb = 47 m/s
k1 = 1
k2 = 1 Terrain Type : 0
k3 = 1 Flat
Land
k4 = 1 Non Cyclonic

Vz = Vb k1 k2 k3 k4
= 47 m/s

Wind Pressure

pz = 0.6 Vz2

where ;
pz = wind pressure at height z, in
N/m2
Vz = design wind speed at height z, in m/s

pz = 0.6 Vz2
= 1325.40 N/m2
= 1.33 kN/m2

Design Wind Pressure

pd = Kd Ka Kc pz

where ;
12
 pd = design wind pressure
Kd = wind directionality factor
Ka = area averaging factor
Kc = combination factor

Kd = 0.9
Ka = 1
Kc = 0.9

pd = Kd Ka Kc pz
= 1.07 kN/m2

Table 4-6 : Pressure to be applied (KN/sq.m)

Wall A B C D Internal
0 0.752 -0.268 -0.644 -0.644 0.215 WLY+
Wall

90 -0.537 -0.537 0.752 -0.107 0.215 WlX+

180 -0.268 0.752 -0.644 -0.644 0.215 wlY-
270 -0.537 -0.537 -0.107 0.752 0.215 wlX-
Roof E F G H Internal
Pitched Roof

0 -1.288 -1.288 -0.429 -0.429 0.215 WLY+

90 -0.859 -0.644 -0.859 -0.644 0.215 WlX+
180 -0.429 -0.429 -1.288 -1.288 0.215 wlY-
270 -0.859 -0.644 -0.859 -0.644 0.215 wlX-

Table 4-7 Pressure Coefficients

Wall A B C D Internal
0 0.7 -0.25 -0.6 -0.6 0.7 WLY+
Wall

90 -0.5 -0.5 0.7 -0.1 -0.5 WlX+

180 -0.25 0.7 -0.6 -0.6 -0.25 wlY-
270 -0.5 -0.5 -0.1 0.7 -0.5 wlX-
Roof E F G H Internal
Pitched Roof

0 -1.2 -1.2 -0.4 -0.4 -1.2 WLY+

90 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 WlX+
180 -0.4 -0.4 -1.2 -1.2 -0.4 wlY-
270 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 wlX-

13
 Figure 4-7 : Wind load (WX -ve)

4.7 Seismic load

4.7.1 Seismic coefficient method

The building is analyzed for the seismic load as per NBC 105 2077. The seismic design data
assumed for the building is summarized below.

Calculation of seismic coefficient as per NBC105:2070

Input

Location of Building Dhangadhi

Steel Moment Resisting

Type of structure Frame

Seismic Zoining factor(Z) 0.4

Importance factor(I) 1

14
Height of building(h) 3.048

Method of analysis Equivalent Static Method

soil Type C

Period of vibration
For reinforcement moment resisting frame T1=1.25k1h0.75 0.245
Lower period of flat part of spectrum (Ta) 0.1
Upper period of flat part of spectrum (Tc) 1
Peak spectral acceleration normalized by PGA(α) 2.5
Coefficient that controls the descending branch of the
spectrum 1.8

ref table 5.2 NBC 105:2070

Ductility factor for ULS state(Rμ) 4
Over-strength factor for ULS state (Ωu) 1.5
Over-strength factor for SLS state (Ωs) 1.25

Calculation of Spectral Shape Factor (Ch (T))

Ch (T) 2.5
Elastic site spectra for horizontal loadingC (T) =Ch(T) Z I 1.000
Elastic site spectra for Vertical loading Cv(Tv)= 2/3 Z 0.266667
Elastic site spectra for Serviceability Limit State Cs (T) =
0.20 C (T) . 0.200
Horizontal base shear for Equivalent static method

For the ultimate limit state, the horizontal base shear co- Cd (𝑇𝑖 ) = C(𝑇𝑖 )/ Rµ x Ωu
efficient for each mode, Cd(Ti), shall as given by ……

15
 0.167
For the serviceability limit state, the horizontal base shear
coefficient (design coefficient), Cd (T1), shall be given by: Cd (𝑇1 ) = Cs(𝑇1 )/ Ωs
0.160
Exponent releated to structural period 1

4.7.2 Modal analysis and modal mass participation

Table 4-8 : Modal mass participation ratio from SAP

OutputCas StepNu
e StepType m Period UX UY SumUX SumUY SumRZ
Text Text Unitless Sec Unitless Unitless Unitless Unitless Unitless
MODAL Mode 1 0.438 0.990 0.000 0.990 0.000 0.000
MODAL Mode 2 0.324 0.000 0.954 0.990 0.954 0.000
MODAL Mode 3 0.298 0.000 0.000 0.990 0.954 0.000
MODAL Mode 4 0.243 0.000 0.000 0.990 0.954 0.000
MODAL Mode 5 0.240 0.000 0.037 0.990 0.992 0.000
MODAL Mode 6 0.201 0.000 0.000 0.990 0.992 0.000
MODAL Mode 7 0.186 0.000 0.008 0.990 1.000 0.000
MODAL Mode 8 0.177 0.000 0.000 0.990 1.000 0.000
MODAL Mode 9 0.135 0.009 0.000 0.999 1.000 0.000
MODAL Mode 10 0.083 0.000 0.000 0.999 1.000 0.000
MODAL Mode 11 0.057 0.000 0.000 0.999 1.000 0.000
MODAL Mode 12 0.042 0.000 0.000 0.999 1.000 0.000

The total mass participation in both considered direction is greater than the 90% of the total
lateral force. A building has regular modes of oscillation in two principal plan directions as
the mass participation factor for first three modes is equal or greater than 65%.

4.7.3 Seismic Weight and Base Shear

Followings factors are considered for earthquake resistant design of the building.

Method adopted for design Static Analysis Method

Response function NBC 2077
Zone factor 0.4
Soil Type Type C
Importance factor 1
Mass participation in dynamic analysis Above 90% along both directions

16
 Seismic Weight 62.79 KN
Base shear from seismic coefficient method along – 10.48 KN
x -EQx SLS
Base shear from seismic coefficient method along – 10.48 KN
x -EQx ULS
Base shear from seismic coefficient method along – 10.48 KN
y -EQy SLS
Base shear from seismic coefficient method along – 10.48 KN
y -EQy ULS

4.7.4 Storey Drift Calculations

Figure 4-8 : Displacement in Eqx

Figure 4-9 : Displacement in Eqy

Table 4-9 : Drift Calculations for Earthquake Loads for SLS

Maximum Drift SLS (AS per NBC)
Story Displacement- Displacement-Y, Drift eqx Drift eqy
X, mm mm SLS SLS
Ground floor 6.41 3.30 0.002103 0.001083
Base 0 0

17
Maximum allowable drift ratio in Serviceability Limit State is 0.006 as per NBC 105
2020

Table 4-10 : Drift Calculations for Earthquake Loads for ULS

Maximum Drift SLS (AS per NBC)
Story Displacement- Displacement-Y, Drift eqx Drift eqy
X, mm mm SLS SLS
Ground floor 6.69 3.45 0.002195 0.001132
Base 0 0
Maximum allowable drift ratio in Ultimate Limit State is 0.025 as per NBC 105 2020

18
 5 Design
The design Steel structural members include selection of material properties (grade of steel
and concrete), shape and size of cross section, factor of safety. The design of Steel Structural
members are carried out using limit state method as per IS 800: 2007. For Seismic Resistant
design the codes NBC2077 has been used. The limit state method is the modern and latest
design methodology. This method evolved around 1970’s. Limit state method is based on the
concept of multiple safety factors and attempts to provide adequate safety at the ultimate loads
and adequate serviceability at service loads. For the design of the members, IS 800:2007 and
design aid SP1, SP2, SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6 has been used. Footings have been checked only for
vertical loads developed at the base due to service loads. Note that all welding works shall
confirm to IS 816 and IS 9595

Beams, Columns, been designed using SAP and Foundations are designed manually. Samples
of manual design calculation of critical beam, column, footings are shown in this report in
Annex-II: Sample Design Calculations. The structural design of sections and reinforcements
are presented in the drawing.

19
5.1 Design Summary

5.1.1 Column Design Summary

Figure 5-10 : SAP passed section on model

Following are the column sections designed
ISB 91.5 X 91.5 X 4.5
For more details, refer structural drawing.

5.1.2 Truss System

Figure 5-11 : Truss System

20
 Figure 5-12 : Truss Section
Top rafter = ISB 72 X 72 X 3.2

Bottom rafter = ISB 91.5 X 91.5 X 4.5

Struts = ISB 38 X 38 X 4.0

Purlin=ISB 72x72x3.2

5.1.3 Foundation Design Summary

The foundation is designed as isolated footing

Figure 5-13 : Base reaction for footing design (1.5 LL + 1.5 DL)

21
 Footing pad
Footing type Size(mm*mm) Avg Depth(mm) Reinforcement
F1 1500 X1500 350 mm 12 mm bar @150 c/c both way

Tie beam
LTB & UTB 230 x300 Longitudinal bars: 3-12dia top & bottom
Stirrups : 2-legged 8dia @ 6" c/c
For more details, refer structural drawing

22
 6 Conclusion
The analysis and design were carried out using state-of-the-art analyses tools and procedures
with a special emphasis on the effects due to earthquakes. Linear static method is adopted to
calculate earthquake forces. The response of the building and its main structural components
were evaluated against the design basis earthquake for the specified seismic hazards.
The following conclusions can be drawn from this analysis:
1. The building is designed to complying the guidelines and the Indian standards along with
National Building Code.
2. Story drifts are within the acceptable limits under DBE level earthquakes.

23
 7 ANNEXES
ANNEX -I: REFERENCES

24
ANNEX-II: SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS (STRUCTURAL MEMBERS/ELEMENTS)

SAMPLE COLUMN DESIGN

Indian IS 800:2007 STEEL SECTION CHECK (Summary for Combo and Station)
Units : KN, m, C

Frame : 3 X Mid: 0. Combo: 0.9Dl+1.5(wy-)-1Design Type: Column

Length: 3.048 Y Mid: 9.144 Shape: ISB91.5x91.5x4.5Frame Type: SMF
Loc : 1.524 Z Mid: 1.524 Class: Plastic Rolled : Yes

MultiResponse=Envelopes P-Delta Done? No

GammaM0=1.1 GammaM1=1.25
An/Ag=1. RLLF=1. PLLF=0.75 D/C Lim=0.95

A=0.002 Izz=1.876E-06 rzz=0.035 Ze,zz=4.100E-05

It=3.041E-06 Iyy=1.876E-06 ryy=0.035 Ze,yy=4.100E-05
Iw=0. Iyz=0. h=0.091 Zp,zz=4.100E-05 Av,z=7.570E-04
E=210000000. fy=250000. fu=410000. Zp,yy=4.100E-05 Av,y=7.570E-04

STRESS CHECK FORCES & MOMENTS

Location N Mzz Myy Vy Vz To
1.524 3.785 -0.365 -0.038 0.741 -1.49 0.085

PMM DEMAND/CAPACITY RATIO

Governing Total Axial MMajor MMinor Ratio Status
Equation Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Limit Check
9.3.2.1 0.399 = -0.009 + 0.16 + 0.248 0.95 OK

AXIAL FORCE DESIGN

N Td Nd Pdy Pdz Pd
Force Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity
Axial 3.785 344.091 344.091 174.375 84.089 84.089

Tdg Tdn Ncr,T Ncr,TF An/Ag

344.091 446.933 99134.179 104.591 1.

Curve Alpha fcc Lambda Phi Chi fcd

Major (z-z) a 0.21 69082.648 1.902 2.488 0.244 55541.266
MajorB(z-z) a 0.21 564000.37 0.666 0.771 0.863 196188.938
Minor (y-y) a 0.21 163235.326 1.238 1.375 0.507 115174.905
MinorB(y-y) a 0.21 742078.109 0.58 0.708 0.897 203923.457
Torsional TF a 0.21 69082.648 1.902 2.488 0.244 55541.266

MOMENT DESIGN
M Mspan Md(yield) Mdv Mnd Md(LTB)
Moment Moment Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity
Major (z-z) -0.365 -1.494 9.318 9.318 9.318 9.318
Minor (y-y) -0.038 -2.309 9.318 9.318 9.318

25
 Curve AlphaLT LambdaLT PhiLT ChiLT C1 Mcr
LTB a 0.21 0.124 0.5 1. 2.7 665.241

Factors Cmy Cmz CmLT Kz Ky K_LT

0.4 0.4 0.4 1. 1. 1.

SHEAR DESIGN
V Vd Stress Status To
Force Capacity Ratio Check Torsion
Major (y) 0.741 99.33 0.007 OK 0.085
Minor (z) 1.49 99.33 0.015 OK 0.085

SAMPLE FOOTING DESIGN

A Given
) Data
Size of column
Bc = 300 mm
Dc = 300 mm
Column Load (V) = 29.75333 KN
Bearing Capacity (qa) = 120 KN/m2
Grade of Concrete (fck) = 20 Mpa
Grade of Steel (fy)= 500 Mpa

B) Calculation of size of footing

wt. of foundation = 2.98 KN
Total Load (P)= 32.73 KN
Area of footing = 0.273 m2
*Note:Taking the ratio of width and length of footing same as that of column dimensions

Size of footing
L= 0.522 m
B= 0.522 m
Provided (L) = 1.500 m
Provided (B) = 1.500 m

Upward reaction (q') = 19.836 KN/m

Max'm B.M. = 3.570 KN-m

C) Calculation for depth of footing

B.M. = 0.134 fckbd2

26
 depth (d)= 36 mm
Provided depth (d) = 350 mm

D
) Check for Shear
Per. Shear Strength (τc) = 0.25√fck 1.118 N/mm2
a) Punching shear
depth (d)= 350 mm
N/
Punching shear(τ'V) = 0.040 mm2
Ok
Provided depth (d) = 350 mm
Overall Depth (D)= 400 mm

b) One way Shear (Calculation for no shear reinforcement)

depth (d) = 350 mm
Max'm S.F. = 4.959 KN
N/
One way Shear (τv) = 0.014 mm2
Provided Ast = 0.18 %
β= 12.90
N/
Concrete Shear strength (τc)= 0.312 mm2
Ok
Ast = 630 mm2

E) Calculation for reinforcement

Ast = 24 mm2
Ast required = 630 mm2
mm
Provided, Size = 12 dia
Spacing = 150 mm c/c
Ast Provided= 754 mm2
Ok
Area of Steel Along width
27
 B.M. = 3.570 KN-m
Ast = 630 mm2
mm
Provided, Size = 12 dia
Spacing = 150 mm c/c
Ast Provided= 754 mm2
Ok

F) Development Length

N/
Bond stress(τbd)= 1.920 mm2
Development length (Ld)= 680 mm
Available Ld along length = 550 mm
Provide
Hook

G
) Load Transfer from Column to Footing
Nominal bearing stress in N/
column = 0.496 mm2
Allowable bearing stress = 0.45*fck
9.000 N/mm2
Now Excess load = 0.000 kN
Area of steel required As = 0 mm2
Minimum Ast = 0.5% of column area
450 mm2
Thus, area of steel for dowel
bars = 450 mm2
Now
Bar
extended
Nos dia Ast
8 16 1608
Available Ast for load
transfer = 1608 mm2

28
 Thus no additional dowel bars are required to transfer load
Additional Ast = No dowel bars are needed

BASE PLATE AND ANCHOR BOLT DESIGN

Depth of the column Section= 100 mm

Thikness of Column Section= 4.5 mm
Design Yield Strength of the Gusset Plate(fyg)= 250 N/mm2
Partial Safety Factor (γ0) 1.1
Grade of Concrete, fck 20 N/mm2
Axial force on the Column= 45 KN
Bending Moment (M)= 0 KN-m
eccentricity e 7.62 mm
a(Projection,Greater) 75 mm
b(Projection, Smaller) 75 mm
Length of the Plate Provided 250 mm
No Tension Case The base plate is compression Throughout

No Tension Case
Width of the Base Plate= 40 mm
Width of base plate provided= 250 mm
Area provided 62500 mm
Section modulus of base plate 2604167 mm
Direct Stress= 0.71 N/mm2
Stress Developed due to bending 0.13 N/mm2
Moment=
Bearing strength of concrete 9.00 N/mm2
Maximum Pressure 0.84 N/mm2
Maximum Pressure 0.58 N/mm2

29
Base Pressure at Section X-X 0.77 N/mm2
Moment at X-X 2302.11 Nmm
Moment capacity of base plate 45.45 tb^2
Thickness of the Base 7.12 mm
plate(tb)=
Thickness of the Base plate 12.00 mm
Provided(tb)=
Since the entire base plate is in compression, design of anchor bolts is not required.
Provide 4, 16 mm diameter anchor bolts at the four corners of base plate with
750mm length

30