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ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASNT American Society for Non Destructive Testing
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
AWWA American Water Works Association
CE Carbon Equivalent
EN European Standard
MSS Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting
Industry
NPS Nominal Pipe Size
PFI Pipe Fabrication Institute
SASO Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization
IIW International Institute of Welding

3.6 Conflicting Requirements, Exceptions

The Contractor shall notify the Engineer of any conflict between this specification,
the Codes and Standards and any other specifications included as part of the
Contract Documents applicable to the Station Piping Material.
Any exceptions to this specification and referenced documentation shall be raised
by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer in writing.

4 MATERIALS AND DIMENSIONS

4.1 Material General Requirements

Materials which do not conform to this specification and the material

specifications listed in Chapter 2
All carbon steels, including normalized steels, used for the fabrication shall not
exceed the CE requirement as specified in section 5.1.1.3
this specification.
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4.2 Dimensional General Requirements

Dimensions which do not conform to this specification shall be subject to

The dimensions of nonstandard piping components shall be such as to provide

strength and performance equivalent to standard components or as provided
under paragraph 404 of ASME B31.4.
Butt-welding ends shall comply with standard ASME B 16.25.
Pipe thread ends shall comply with ASME B1.20.1.

than
unless otherwise specified in the drawings.

4.3 Materials and Dimensions for Pipes

4.3.1 Materials for Pipes

4.3.1.1 Carbon Steel Group
New pipes of the materials specification API 5L shall be used. This material shall
be used for pipes installed in the main product service system. The product
specification level 1 (PSL 1) is acceptable with special requirements as specified
in Section 5.2. The material grade to be used shall be Grade B up to Grade X 70.
For Utility Piping and low pressure applications, materials like ASTM A53, A134,
A135 and A139, meeting the requirements of AWWA C200 shall be used.
4.3.1.2 Stainless Steel Group
Seamless austenitic stainless steel pipes according to ASTM A312 Gr. 316L shall
be used.

4.3.2 Dimensions for Pipes

4.3.2.1 Carbon Steel Group
Dimensions shall be according to the material specification API 5L and in the

The type of pipes shall be seamless or seam welded.

For -welding is to be used.
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Wall thickness of pipes shall be calculated according to the equation of paragraph

403.2.1 from ASME B31.4 and the next appropriate wall thickness shall be
chosen from ASME B36.10M.
Pipes shall be

4.3.2.2 Stainless Steel Group

Fabrication type of pipes shall be seamless.
Wall thickness of pipes shall be calculated according to the equation of paragraph
403.2.1 from ASME B31.4 and the next appropriate wall thickness shall be
chosen from ASME B36.19M.
Pipe ends shall be of the socket-welded type and for instrument connections
threaded type. NPS range
detailed design.
-welding is to be used.

4.4 Materials and Dimensions for Fittings

4.4.1 General
The following items have been considered as fittings: elbows (long and short
radius), bends, returns (long and short radius), tees (straight and reduced),
crosses (straight and reduced), reducers (eccentric and concentric), closures
(caps) and branch outlet fittings (weld-o-lets, sock-o-lets, thread-o-lets).

4.4.2 Materials for Fittings

4.4.2.1 Carbon Steel Group
Materials for fittings shall be suitable for the same fluid service and shall have
grades which have chemical and physical properties equivalent to that of the
mating pipe.
The following materials for fittings are recommended to be used for water
transportation systems:
API 5L (for elbows), ASTM A234, A105N, A694
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4.4.2.2 Stainless Steel Group

The following material specifications shall be used with the provision for using the
stainless steel grade:
ASTM A403 or A182, in grade 316L

4.4.3 Dimensions for Fittings

4.4.3.1 Carbon Steel Group
Fittings exceeding scope of standard sizes may be used but shall meet the
design requirements of paragraph 403 and 404 of ASME B31.4. The Contractor
shall submit calculations and dimensional drawings to the Engineer for approval.
Steel butt welding fittings shall be used which comply with ASME B16.9, ASME
B16.28, MSS SP-75 or MSS SP-97.
When flanged fittings are used, dimensions shall comply with ASME B16.5.
The welding ends of fittings shall have the same wall thickness as the line pipe
wall thickness to which they are to be connected.
Tolerances for wall thickness of fittings shall be according to the dimensional
standards mentioned above or shall meet the requirements regarding tolerances
for wall thicknesses of pipes specified in API 5L, Table 11, whichever is more
stringent.

4.4.3.2 Stainless Steel Group

Dimensions for socket welded and threaded fittings shall be according to ASME
B16.11.
Fitting ends shall be socket-welded type and for instrument connections,
as required from the
detailed design. For this NPS range, bends made by bending pipes are allowed.
plain ends for butt-welding shall be used and dimensions
according to MSS SP-43.
The following table showing the correlation of Class designation of forged, socket
welding and threaded fittings with pipe schedule or wall designation shall be
considered:
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Pipe schedule or wall Threaded Class Socket-welded Class

designation
80 / XS or less 2000 3000
160 3000 6000
XXS 6000 9000

The following table showing the correlation between socket welding ends and
threaded ends of integrally reinforced fittings (O-lets) and run pipe shall be
considered:

Sock-o-lets Thread-o-lets
Class Branch Run Pipe Class Branch Run Pipe
Size, NPS Schedule Size, NPS Schedule
3000 1/8 4 Extra 3000 1/8 4 Extra
Strong Strong
6000 ½-2 160 6000 ½-2 160

4.5 Materials and Dimensions for Flanges

4.5.1 Materials for Flanges

4.5.1.1 Carbon Steel Group
The following materials for flanges are recommended to be used:
ASTM A105, A694
Cast iron flanges are prohibited.

4.5.1.2 Stainless Steel Group

The following material specification for flanges is recommended to be used:
ASTM A182 in grade 316L
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4.5.2 Dimensions for Flanges

4.5.2.1 Carbon Steel Group
Steel flanges, welding neck type and blind flanges shall be used, according to
ASME B16.5 or MSS SP-44 or ASME B16.47 (for series A). The bore of welding
neck flanges all correspond to the inside diameter of the pipe with which they are
to be used.
design pressure up to 10 barg,
flanges according to AWWA C207 can be used.
Any flange not covered by the above mentioned standards shall be designed in
accordance with ASME Code Section VIII, Division 1. The Contractor shall submit
calculations and detailed dimensional drawings for approval.
Flange contact faces shall be in accordance with ASME B16.5 or MSS SP-6 and
of the smooth tool finish type for the raised face flange facing.
The spot facing of the flanges at the bolt holes shall be in accordance with the
standard MSS SP-9.

4.5.2.2 Stainless Steel Group

Dimensions for socket welded and threaded flanges shall be according to ASME
B16.5.
Flange end connection shall be socket-welded type and for instrument
connecti
required from the detailed design.
welding neck flanges having ends suitable for butt-welding
shall be used.

4.6 Materials and Dimensions for Bolting

4.6.1 Materials for Bolting

4.6.1.1 Carbon Steel Group
Material for bolts is given in ASME B16.5. High strength stud bolts according to
ASTM A193 Grade B7 are to be used.
Material for heavy hexagonal nuts shall be ASTM A194 Grade 2H.
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For bolts under AWWA C207, ASTM A307 Gr. B bolts shall be used for Class B
and D flanges. They shall not be used for Class E and F flanges. ASTM A193,
Gr. B7 bolts shall be used for Class E and F flanges.
The bolts and nuts shall be hot dip galvanized.

4.6.1.2 Stainless Steel Group

Bolts shall be according to ASTM A193, Gr. B8M.
Nuts shall be according to ASTM A194, Gr. 8M.

4.6.2 Dimensions for Bolting

Dimensions for stud bolts shall conform to ASME B16.5 and/or B16.47.
Dimensions for hexagonal nuts shall be according to ASME B18.2.2.
Bolts and nuts shall be threaded in accordance to ASME B1.1.
Bolting for special flanges shall conform to the applicable section of Section VIII,
Division 1, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Code.

4.7 Materials and Dimensions for Gaskets

4.7.1 Materials for Gaskets

Gaskets shall be made of materials which are not chemically affected by the fluid
in the pipe which are suitable for the use in potable water and which are resistant
to deterioration by temperature.
For low pressure (ANSI Class 150) nonmetallic flat gaskets for pipe flanges may
be used according to ASME B16.21.
For all other flange ratings envelop gaskets shall be used, e.g. black rubber or
red rubber with steel inner layer. If rubber is used the material shall conform to
standard ASTM D1330. No metallic part of the gaskets which might cause
galvanic corrosion with other parts must come into contact with the conveyed
water.
4.7.2 Dimensions for Gaskets
Dimensions of gaskets shall match the dimensions of the flange and shall follow
the same dimensional standards as the flange pair where it is to be installed.
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4.8 Materials and Dimensions for Branch Connections

4.8.1 General
As branch connection under this paragraph are considered the connections by
welding the branch pipe directly to the run pipe with or without localized type of
reinforcement.
Branch connections with or without localized type of reinforcement shall be
designed in accordance with the requirements of ASME B31.4. The Contractor
shall submit drawings and calculations for approval.

4.8.2 Materials for Branch Connections

Material for reinforcement of branch connection shall be the same as or higher
grade than the material for pipes to be connected.

4.8.3 Dimensions for Branch Connections

Branch at angles other than 90° should not be used, except when flow and
pressure-drop considerations greatly outweigh the difficulty in obtaining
satisfactory welds and the greater difficulty in adequately reinforcing such
connections.

4.9 Materials and Dimensions for Transition Pieces

4.9.1 General
Transition pieces (rings) are those pieces to be installed to assure the lining
transition between epoxy lined pipe runs and cement mortar lined pipe runs.
Transition pieces shall be installed only in straight pipe runs.

4.9.2 Materials for Transition Pieces

The material to be used shall be the same as the pipe material where the
transition piece is going to be welded.
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4.9.3 Dimensions for Transition Pieces

Dimensions for transition pieces shall be determined during detailed design
according to the inside diameter of pipe, the minimum distance of the welds and
thickness of cement mortar lining to be used.

5 INSPECTION AND TESTING ( I&T )

5.1 I&T General Requirements

Testing shall follow the requirements from paragraph 437.1.4, 437.4.1, 437.4.3 of
ASME B31.4.
The requirements for I&T shall be those mentioned in the specific material
standard according to which the pipes and piping components are made and
mentioned in Section 4. If no requirements are given the following tests shall be
carried out:

5.1.1 Testing of Chemical Composition

These tests shall be done according to ASTM A751 and shall include: heat
analysis, product analysis and carbon equivalent.

5.1.1.1 Heat Analysis

The steel Contractor shall determine the analysis of each heat of steel used in the
process of manufacture of pipes or/and piping components.

5.1.1.2 Product Analysis

The Contractor shall determine the analysis of two samples representing each
heat of steel used for the production of pipes or/and piping components.

5.1.1.3 Materials Equivalents

5.1.1.3.1 Carbon Steel Group
The Contractor shall determine the carbon equivalent of each heat of steel used
in the process of manufacture of pipes or/and piping components.
The carbon equivalent of these materials shall be calculated using the IIW
formula and shall not exceed 0.43%.
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Mn Cr Mo V Ni Cu
CEIIW = C + + +
6 5 15

If the content of alloying elements other than C or Mn is unknown, the formula to

be used shall be:
Mn
CE = C + shall be less than 0.40%.
6

5.1.1.3.2 Stainless Steel Group

Stainless steel (e.g. Gr. 316L) shall meet the following requirement:
W= 2.5x%Cr + 7.6x%Mo + 31.9x%N > 60
where W = Weight in %

5.1.2 Testing of Mechanical Properties

The requirements of these tests shall be according to ASTM A370.
The standard terminology related to these tests is defined by ASTM E6.
Tensile test machines shall be calibrated according to ASTM E4. Where yield
strength is determined by the use of extensometers, they shall be calibrated
according to ASTM E83.

5.1.2.1 Tensile Tests

These tests shall include: tensile strength, yield strength and elongation values.
Tensile tests shall be made at the frequency of one test per Test Unit and in the
transversal direction.

5.1.2.1.1 Weld Tensile Tests

Weld tensile test specimens shall be taken at 90° to the weld with the weld at the
centre and shall represent the full wall thickness of the pipe or pipe component
from which the specimen was cut. Weld reinforcement shall be removed. Weld
tensile tests do not need to include determination of yield strength and
elongation.
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5.1.2.1.2 Control Tensile Tests

One tensile test per heat shall be made as a control and a record of such tests
shall be available to the Engineer.

5.1.2.2 Bend Tests

Bend tests shall be performed only for small pipes up to and
and using the cold bent method through 90° around a mandrel having a diameter
not greater than twelve (12) times the outside diameter of the pipe being tested.

5.1.2.3 Flattening Tests

Flattening tests shall be performed for electric welded, continuous welded and
laser welded pipes and piping components as required by the material
specifications.

5.1.3 Fracture Toughness Tests

The requirements of this test shall be according to ASTM A370.
The impact test temperature for all specimens shall be considered 0°C.
The minimum test frequency shall be one test per heat per combination of pipe
size and specified wall thickness. An impact test shall consist of three specimens.
The reported results shall be the three individual specimen values and the
average of the three specimens.

5.1.4 Hydrostatic Tests

The requirements of this test shall be according to Section 21 of ASTM A530.
Each length of pipe shall withstand, without leakage, an inspection hydrostatic
test to at least the pressure specified in the standard test pressure tables given in
Section 10.2.6 of API 5L.
Test pressures for all sizes of seamless pipe and for welded pipe in sizes NPS

less than 10 seconds.

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5.1.5 Dimensional Testing

The accuracy of all measuring instruments used for acceptance or rejection,
except weighing devices, shall be verified at least once per operating shift
(12 hours maximum).
Verifying the accuracy of rules, length measuring tapes and other nonadjustable
measuring devices shall consist of a visual check for legibility of markings and
general wear of fixed reference points.
The adjustable and nonadjustable designation of measuring devices utilized by
the Contractor shall be documented.
The accuracy of all weighing devices shall be verified according to National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or equivalent regulations in the
country of manufacture of products.

5.1.6 Visual Inspections

All pipes, fittings, branch fittings, flanges shall be visually inspected internally and
externally to the maximum possible extent to ensure freedom from cracks,
gouges, dents, grooves, wrinkles, bulges, kinks or surface spalling.
Gouges or grooves which do occur shall be removed by grinding providing that
the wall thickness is not locally reduced below the specified minimum wall
thickness.

5.1.7 Non-Destructive Examinations ( NDE )

Personnel performing NDE shall be qualified in accordance with ASNT-TC-1A or
equivalent and internationally recognized standard.

5.1.7.1 Ultrasonic Examinations

The requirements of this test shall be according to ASTM E213 and ASTM E273.
If not otherwise specified by the material specification for pipes or piping
components, all welds (e.g. submerged-arc, electric, laser, gas metal-arc) from
which pipes and fittings are made shall be 100% inspected on full length of the
welds.
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5.1.7.2 Magnetic Particle Examinations or Liquid Penetration Examinations

If not otherwise specified by the material specification for pipes or piping
components, all pipes, fittings, branch fittings, flanges shall be 100% externally
inspected by Magnetic Particle Inspection or Liquid Penetration Examination. The
procedure shall be in accordance with ASME Code Section V or ASTM A275 as
mentioned in the material specifications above.
Practices for Magnetic Particle Inspection are given in ASTM E709 and Test
Methods for Liquid Penetration Examination are given in ASTM E165.
Acceptance levels shall be in accordance with ASME Section VIII, Division 1.

5.1.7.3 Radiographic Examinations

If not otherwise specified by the material specification for pipes or piping
components, all welds from which pipes and fittings are made shall be
radiographically examined throughout the entire length of each weld in
accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of ASME Code, Section V with acceptance limits
in accordance with Paragraph UW-51 of ASME Code, Section VIII.
The weld joints of the pipes and fittings shall be furnished in accordance with the
requirements of Paragraph UW-35(a) of ASME Code, Section VIII.
In place of radiographic examination, welds may be ultrasonically examined in
accordance with Appendix 12 of ASME Code, Section VIII.

5.1.8 Residual Magnetism Measurement

The residual magnetism for pipes and piping components shall be measured
before leaving for shipment. The requirements shall be according to Annex E7 of
API 5L.

5.2 I&T for Pipes

For API 5L line pipes the following amended requirements for PSL 1 shall apply:
- Carbon Equivalent test shall be according to Section 9.2 of API 5L
- Yield Strength shall be maximum for each grade
- Charpy impact testing shall be according to Section 9.8 of API 5L, meeting the
requirements for equal grades of PSL2 pipes.
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- Pipes having wall thicknesses that undergo 12.7mm need not be impact
tested.
- Non-Destructive Testing is required according to Annex E of API 5L, including
the test described in Annex E.3.2.3.
- Repair by welding of pipe body, plate and skelp is prohibited
- Repair by welding of weld seams without filler metal is prohibited
- Inspection and testing requirements for pipes shall be according to API 5L and
the amended and supplementary requirements of this Specification.

5.3 I&T for Fittings

Pressure testing of the standard fittings is not required. However, the fittings are
required to be capable of withstanding, without leakage, a test pressure equal to
that prescribed in the specification of the pipe with which the fitting is
recommended to be used.

6 LINING, PAINTING AND COATING

6.1 Lining

Internal lining of pipes, fittings, flanges, special components, etc. shall be done
Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Lining -H-060.
For station piping with large diameter which cannot be lined with fusion bonded
epoxy due to size limitation, hot applied liquid epoxy can be used as internal
lining material according to QC10-H-064 M24 Liquid-Epoxy Lining.

6.2 Painting and Coating

For above ground installation, external painting of pipes, fittings, flanges, special
components, etc. shall be done according to the Specification M21 Painting of
Piping, Equipment and Structural Steelwork -H-061.
Alternatively, FBE (refer to Specification M23 -
QC10-H-063) can be used as external coating for piping items to be installed
indoor or in a shaft. For piping items to be installed outdoor, a two-component
polyurethane finish of 50 µm DFT over FBE shall be applied.
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External coating of the buried pipes shall be done according to the Specification
M02 -H-042. External coating of buried fittings shall
be done according to the Specification M23 -
QC10-H-063, and additional mechanical protection with heat shrink sleeve or cold
tape wrapping shall be applied during construction.

7 PRESERVATION, MARKING AND SHIPPING

7.1 General

Preservation, handling, storage and transportation of pipes, fittings, flanges,

special components, etc. shall be done according to the Specification M18
orage and Transportation of Line Pipe Material -H-058.

7.2 Marking, Tagging

Color-coding of piping materials shall be in accordance with the color-coding

used by PFI Standard ES-22 as agreed with the Engineer.
For fittings and flanges the marking requirements shall be according to MSS SP-
25.

8 DOCUMENTATION

8.1 Certification

Where no other requirements are given in the material standard, the Contractor
shall provide Inspection Certificates according to EN 10204, Type 3.1 for all
pressure retaining parts, and Test Reports according to EN 10204, Type 2.2 for
all other parts.
For pipes, the Contractor shall provide certificates of compliance and test results
according to Section 10 of API 5L.

8.2 Retention of Records

Tests and inspections requiring retention of records shall be the following:

Chemical Properties: Heat Analysis and Product Analysis
Mechanical Tests: Tensile Tests, Weld Tensile Tests, Mill Control Tests and
Fracture Toughness Tests
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Hydrostatic Tests: Tester Recorder Charts

Non-destructive Inspection
Repair Welding Procedure; Transverse Tensile Test
Such records shall be retained by the Contractor and shall be made available to
the Engineer upon request for a 3-year period after the date of Final Acceptance.

9 PIPING CLASSES

On basis of the general requirements regarding material and dimensions given

above the Contractor shall elaborate detailed Piping Class Specifications which
shall cover all piping and piping components, branch connections, etc. for each
combination of:
- the pressure class according to ASME B16.5
- the conveyed fluid
- the material group (carbon steel / stainless steel / other materials).
Calculated and selected nominal wall thickness shall be included.
The Contractor shall propose a suitable identification system for the pipe class
specifications for approval by the Engineer.