COMMUNITY ENGAGAMENT, SOLIDARITY, AND CITIZENSHIP (Midterm)

INTRODUCTION: COMMUNITY ENGAGAMENT, SOLIDARITY, AND CITIZENSHIP

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT is working collaboratively with and through groups of people affiliated by
geographic proximity, special interest or similar situations to address issues affecting their well-being.
Principles of Community Goals of Community Benefits of Community Engagement
Engagement Engagement
✓ Fairness  Build trust ✓ Strengthened communities and cohesion.
Justice  Create better ✓ Strengthened accountability of partners and coalition.
✓ Empowerment community
✓ Improved service delivery, efficiency, and
 Enlist new
✓ Participation effectiveness
resources and
✓ Self-determination allies ✓Improved health and social outcomes.

SOLIDARITY is unity (as a group or class) which produces or is s based on unities of interests, objectives,
standards, and sympathies.
CITIZEN SHIP is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political society, which membership implies,
reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the part of the member and duty of protection on the part of the state.
CITIZEN ALIEN
Is a person having the title of citizenship (In Is a citizen of a country residing in or passing through
Monarchial State, he/she is often called Subject). another country.
He/she is popularly known as "foreigner"
General ways of acquiring citizenship
✓ by birth because of blood relationship or place of birth.
✓ by naturalization, except in case of collective naturalization of the inhabitants of a territory which takes place
when it is coded by one state to another as a result of a conquest or treaty.
CITIZENS by BIRTH
JUS SANGUINIS – blood relationship is the basis for JUS SOLI or JUSLOCI – place birth serves as the
the acquisition of citizenship under this rule. The basis for acquiring citizenship. A person becomes a
children follow the citizenship of the parents or one of citizen of a state where he/she is born irrespective of
them. the parents!

NATURAL BORN and NATURALIZED CITIZENS

NATURALIZATION the act of formally adopting a DUAL CITIZENSHIP refer to the possession of two
foreigner into the political body of the state and citizenship by an individual, that of his/her original
clothing him/her with the rights and privileges of citizenship and that of the country where he/she
 citizenship. became a naturalized citizen.

LESSON 1: CONCEPTS AND PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIETY

COMMUNITAS COMUNETÉ COMMUNITY
LATIN – “public spirit” FRENCH ENGLISH
► COMMUNITY is defined as a social unit with commonality such as norms, religion, values, customs, or
identity.
► People in the COMMUNITY share a place in a given geographical area or virtual space through
communication platform.
► 3 elements about community may also be presented in any usage;
(1) Communities may be thought of as collections of people with a particular social" structure; there are, therefore,
collections which are not communities.
(2) A sense of belonging or community spirit.
(3) All the daily activities of a community, work and non-work, take place within be the geographical area which is
self-contained.
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE ON COMMUNITY
SOCIAL SCIENCE - A congregation of people with common characteristics and recognizes the family as a key
player for behavioral pattern.
COMMUNITY-BASED - Views community as a setting for intervention, target for change, as a resource and as
an agent.
ECOLOGICAL - Perceived not only as a product of knowledge, values, and attitudes but also views behavior as a
result of social influences.
SECTORAL A – A system which is compromised of individual sector with diverse characters and
interrelationships.
CIVIL SOCIETY - Wide array of NGOs and volunteer groups that fights for solution ARAN to social issues and
calls the community to organize change.
NATURE OF COMMUNITY
► A "community" is a construct model.
► The term "community" which is the object of a mobilizer's attention, is usually one with a physical geographic
location:
► Will usually already existed when all of its residents /current residents were not born yet.
► A community may have members who have temporarily moved to other locations.
COMMUNITY AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT
►A community is a "construct" (model)
►It is a sociological construct.
►Set of interactions, human behaviors that have meaning and expectations between its members.
►Not just action, but actions based on shared expectations, values, beliefs, and meanings between individuals.
A COMMUNITY HAS FUZZY BOUNDARIES
► A little village, separated by a few kilometers from other villages, in a rural area, its boundaries appears at first
to be very simple.

• COMMUNITIES CAN BE WITHIN COMMUNITIES

► There may be communities, including districts, regions, ethnic groups, nations and other boundaries.

• COMMUNITIES MAY MOVE

► Where technology is not based on local horticulture, the community residents may be physically mobile.
•URBAN COMMUNITIES ARE SPECIAL
► A community may be a small group of a few homestead of people from a common origin.
►In general (with exceptions) an urban community has more fuzzy boundaries.
THE SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
►A human settlement (community) is not just a collection of houses or human individuals.
►It is a human organization with a socio-cultural system, meaning it is socially organized (Bartle, 2010).
►As a social organization, a community is cultural.
►This means that a community is composed of things that are LEARNED rather than transmitted by genes.

SOCIAL ANIMATION
►Refers to promoting community participation or self-help.
►It mobilizes and organizes a community, meaning it is changing.
►The MOBILIZER (ANIMATOR) is a social change agent who understands the nature of social change in a
community.
AN ANIMATOR MUST KNOW ABOUT SOCIETY
►The mobilizer is responsible in learning from the sciences of anthropology and sociology. They are an applied
sociologist.
►It is important to know that an individual's personal changes (such as becoming adults, getting married, dying,
etc.) do not change society or a community.
►As they are recognized, they contribute to the stability of society and continuation of the community.
►It is also important to understand that all socio-cultural things are transmitted by SYMBOLS, and NOT genes.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
►Is a form of social change requiring changes in the messages of symbols rather than genetic surgery.

KEEP THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF SOCIETY IN MIND

►The notion of a community is a social construct.
►The basic characteristics of society is they are INTERCONNECTED.
►A community is a changing vet of relationships, attitudes, and behavior.
►The goal is community empowerment, and to achieve this, one should know what a community is by
understanding its nature.
CULTURE is LEARNED
►Culture consists of all those things including actions and beliefs when which human beings (as physical animals)
learn, which make them human.
►Culture includes learned behavior but not things which are determined genetically.
►When culture is learned first, by a child, to become human, the process is called ENCULTURATION OF
SOCIALIZATION.
►When it is re-learned, as when a person moves to different society, or when a community changes around them.
It is called ACCULTURATION.

The sociological definition of culture, which means sociocultural system, which is society itself. It refers to a wide
array of societal and cultural influences that impact thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and ultimately health outcomes.

CULTURE TRANSCENDS ITS HUMAN

 Culture is superorganic (and a community is cultural). Understanding this concept SUPERORGANIC is important
in understanding a community. Culture is created by humans and it is dependent on human choice for its continuity,
therefore, culture is super organic in the sense that it is acquired by learning.

DIMENSIONS OF COMMUNITY
TECHNOLOGICAL DIMENSION ECONOMIC DIMENSION
"The technological dimension of a community is its "The economic dimension of Community is its various
capital, its tools, and skills, and ways of dealing with the ways and means of production and allocation of scarce
physical environment. It is the interface between and useful goods, and services, whether that is through
humanity and nature." –Bartle, 2010 gift-giving, obligations, barter, market trade or state
allocation." –Bartle 2010
►It is the learned ideas and behavior which allow ►It is not the physical items like cash, but the idea and
humans to invent, use, and teach others about tools behavior which gave value to cash (and other items) by
►"real capital" humans who have created the economic system.
►It is something valuable that is not produced for direct ►Wealth is not merely. just as poverty is not merely the
consumption. but to be used to used to increase absence of money
production (therefore more wealth) in the future: ►Remember that currency (cash, money) itself has no
investment (Bartle, 2010) intrinsic value. It has value only because society, the
►Become more complex, more sophisticated and community, and the culture—have describe some value
control over energy. to it.
POLITICAL DIMENSION INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSION
►The political dimension of community is its various ►The institutional dimension of community is
ways and means of allocating power, influence and composed of the ways people act, interact, react and
decision-making. expect each other to act and interact.
►It includes, but is not limited to types of governments ►Also refers to the organized structure, systems, and
and management systems. entities that play a role in shaping and governing the
►Political power is among the sixteen elements of community.
community power or organizational capacity. ►As with other dimensions, over history, the general
►The move political power and influence it has, the movement has been from simple to complex.
more it can do things it desires. ►In early simple societies, the family defined all voles
►In the broad sweep of human history leadership at and status.
first was diffuse, temporary and minimal. ►As societies became more complex, new non-familial
►In a small band of gathered and hunters, a leader relationships, developed and were recognized.
might be anyone who suggested and organized a hunt. ►Every time a new role is created, with its duties,
►In a small bands, there were no chiefs, elders or responsibilities, rights, and expected behavioral patterns,
kings, and these groups are named by anthropologist as then the society becomes more complex.
"acephalous”. ►Institutions can be formal or informal and contribute
to the social, economic, political and cultural aspects of
FORMS OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL the community.
ORGANIZATION ►Here are some key elements of the institutional
dimension of community:
ACEPHALOUS - these are societies without a
formalized political structure or a central governing EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS - schools, colleges,
authority. and other educational entities contribute to the
BAND - is a small loosely organized group of people intellectual, and social development of community
are often egalitarian, with decisions made collectively members.
and leadership voles rotating based on situational HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS - Hospitals, clinics,
expertise. and health-care organizations contribute the well-being
TRIBE - is a larger social group than a band and is of the community by providing medical services and
often characterized by move complex social structure promoting public health.
and organization. LEGAL AND JUSTICE SYSTEMS - legal
KINGDOM - is a political entity with a centralized institutions, including courts, law enforcement agencies
authority, typically ruled by a monarch or King. play a role in maintaining order and justice within the
NATION-STATE - is a sovereign state or political community.
entity characterized by a unified and homogeneous COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA - Institutions
population, often sharing common language. related to communication and media, such as local
newspaper, radio stations, and online platforms,
contribute to information dissemination, community
awareness, and public discourse.
AESTHETIC VALUE BELIEF CONCEPTUAL
THREE (3) AXES OF JUDGEMENT: between right ►Refers to the shaved system of beliefs, valves, and
& wrong, good & bad, and between beautiful & ugly. ideas.
►Encompasses collective understanding and
►They are not acquired through our genes, but through interpretation of the world.
our socialization. ►Shapes the community's norms, behaviors, and
►Values, however, are difficulty to change in a interaction.
community, especially if residents perceive that an
attempt is being made to change them. POLYTHEISM MONOTHEISM
►Cannot be rushed. More Gods Fewer God One God

COMMUNITY - a group of living things with commonality such as norms, religion, values, custom, or identity.
CHARACTERISTICS / ELEMENTS OF A COMMUNITY
1.) GROUP OF PEOPLE 2) DEFINITE LOCATION
The most essential characteristics or element of a A group of people forms a community when they reside
community. in a definite territory.
3) COMMUNITY SENTIMENT 4.) NATURALITY
Sentiment of common living that exist among the Communities are naturally organized.
members of a locality.
5. PERMANENCE 6. SIMILARITY
Individuals within a definite territory. Language, culture, customs, and traditions and many
others.
7) WIDER ENDS 8) TOTAL ORGANIZED SOCIAL LIFE
Members of a community associate not for the A community includes all aspects of social life.
Fulfillment, of a particular end. A community is a society in miniature.
9) PARTICULAR NAME 10.) NO LEGAL STATUS
Every community has a particular name by which it is A community has no legal status because it is not a legal
known to the world. person.
11.) SIZE OF COMMUNITY 12.) CONCREATE NATURE
A community may be big or small. Refers to a group of people living in a particular locality
we can see its existence.
13. A community exists within a society and possesses distinguishable structure which distinguishes it from others.
DIVERSITY is an understanding that CULTURAL COMMUNITIES a social group of any size whose
everyone is unique and recognizes individual members reside in a specific locality, share government, and often
differences (race, ethnicity, gender, etc.). have a common cultural and historical.
ECONOMIC COMMUNITIES any SOCIO-POLITICAL COMMUNITIES involves both social and
economic or political alliance which is political factors. (Right to protect individuals freedom and
specifically designed to foster trade and infringement by governments, social organizations and private
cooperation among its member countries. individuals).

CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNITY
URBAN is the region surrounding a city whose RURAL it has low population density and large amounts of
inhabitants have non-agricultural lands. undeveloped lands.
SLUM a densely populated areas crowded and SUBDIVISION an area of land that has been divided on
has a dirty run-down housing. smaller areas on which houses are built.
FORMAL is formed when people come together INFORMAL is formed when 2 or more people come together
to accomplish goals and objectives. to accomplish a specific task which is mainly socially geared.
The main idea of informal group is the satisfaction of both
personal and psychological needs.

COMPARISON BETWEEN SOCIETY AND COMMUNITY

The Fundamental difference between community and society is the difference between the part and whole. To
arrive at a distinction between two things we have to place them apart From each other but to take away
community from the whole society is to destroy the completeness of society.
COMMUNITY SOCIETY
Population is one of the most essential characteristics of a Population is important but here the population
community irrespective of the consideration whether people is conditioned by a feeling of oneness. Thus
have or do not have conscious relations. conscious relations are more important than the
mere population for a society.
A community by nature is discrete as compared with society. By nature and character society is abstract.
For community area or locality is very essential and that Society is area less and shapeless and for a
perhaps is the reason that the community had a definite shape. society area is no consideration.
A community has comparatively narrow scope of community A society has heterogeneity and because of its
sentiments and as such it cannot have wide heterogeneity. wide scope and field can embrace people having
different conflicts.
The scope of community is narrow than that of society because The society has much wider scope as compared
community came much later than the society. Though the with the community.
primitive people might not have understood the importance of
community but they realized that of the society and lived in it.
In a community, every effort is made to avoid differences or In a society, likeness and conflict can exist side
conflicts and to bring likeness as nearly as possible because by side and in fact the scope of society is so vast
cooperation and conflicts cannot exist in a community. that there is every possibility of adjustment.