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Arsha
ArshaVidya
VidyaNewsletter
Newsletter- -October
October2014
2014 1 1
Second Muëòaka
Section 1
In the previous section the limited ends that can be accomplished through various
means stated in the karma-käëòa, that is, aparä-vidyä was discussed briefly. Now parä-
vidyä is taken up again and unfolded. Çaìkara introduces it as follows.1 the subject
matter of parä-vidyä is akñaraà brahma that was earlier revealed as one not subject
to decay and death. The upaniñad defined parä-vidyä as that vidyä by which akñaraà
brahma is understood. Then, the results of aparä-vidyä were mentioned pointing out
their limitations in order for one to discover in oneself a dispassion towards limited
ends and develop a value for the subject matter of parä-vidyä. The çästra thus helped
to create the adhikärin for the parä-vidyä . Now the upaniñad takes up the original
request on the part of Çaunaka, namely, the knowledge of that, knowing which
everything is as well known. That is the subject matter of parä-vidyä.
The teacher points out two lakñaëas , modes of revealing Brahman.2 Both of them
are very important.
One definition unfolds, by implication, the svarüpa, essential nature of Brahman. The
other is taöastha, an incidental definition, involving something distinct from the nature
of Brahman, but by which it is known. This definition is meant to show that Brahman
is not one of the objects in the world, but is the very cause of the world. Without
the incidental definition one cannot understand Brahman as everything. The world
as well as one’s physical body, mind and senses are non-separate from Brahman. It
does not mean Brahman has undergone a change to become all this. Had it been
so, then Brahman would not be available at all for knowing. In the svarüpa -lakñaëa
one gets to know Brahman as neither the cause nor the effect. The cause-effect set-
up is to prove that any effect is mithyä and it depends upon satya which is Brahman.
So, all that is here is Brahaman. That Brahamnan is ‘I,’ the caitanya ätman. Therefore,
I am everything. By the knowledge of ätman, everything is as well known. In the
following mantras both the above definitions are well brought out.
Mantra 1
Now, the first mantra here gives the incidental definition.3
tdett! sTym!,
ywa sudIÝat! pavkaiÖSpuil¼a> shö!z> àÉvNte sêpa>,
twa]raiÖivxa> saeMy Éava> àjayNte tÇ cEvaip yiNt. 2,1,1
1
Apr-iv*aya> sv¡ kayRmu´m!, s c s<sarae yTsarae ySmaNmUlad]rat! sMÉvit yiSm<í àlIyte td]r< pué;aOy< sTym!,yiSmn!
iv}ate svRimd< iv}at< Évit tTprSya ä!ü-iv*aya iv;y>, s v´Vy #TyuÄrae ¢Nw Aar_yte, mu{fk Éa:ym!
2
Although the word lakñaëa is often translated as ‘definition,’ strictly speaking, no definitions of Brahman
are possible. But in the tradition, there are two modes of revealing Brahman, which are known as svarüpa-
lakñaëa and taöastha -lakñaëa.
tad - that; etat - this; satyam - is the truth; somya - Oh pleasing one;
yathä - just as; sudéptät - well-lighted; pävakät - from the fire;
sahasraìaù - in thousands; visphuliìgäù - sparks; prabhavante - come
out;
sarìpäù - of the same nature (as of the fire); tathä - so too;
akñarät - from the Brahman; vividhäù - varieties of; bhäväù - beings;
prajäyante - are born; ca - and; tatraiva - into that alone; apiyanti -
they go back
This is the truth, oh pleasing one! From a well-lighted fire how innumerable
sparks of the same nature as fire come out, so too, varieties of beings are born
from the Brahman that is akñara, and they go back into that alone.
Tad etat satyam : this is the truth. The akñara taught in the previous chapter
and known through parä-vidyä, is indeed satya. While talking about aparä-vidyä,
the upaniñad4 used the expression, ‘ tad etat satyam.’ There, it was with reference
to the results of karma mentioned in the çästra, because the results never fail
to unfold. They remain for endless cycles of creation, and get exhausted either
by giving rise to experience or by neutralisation. They are relative satya. Here,
the subject matter of parä-vidyä revealed in the çästra is also satya, but it is
absolute.5 Here, the word ‘satya’ means that which is not negated at any time
and which is the truth of everything. What was said before, tat, and what is
going to be said now, etat, is satyaà brahma. It is not subject to time. It is unborn
and not subject to disappearance. Brahman is çästra-vedya, known only through
the çästra.
The logic6 is this - anything that is known through the çästra can only be indirect
knowledge, being known only through the words of the çästra, like svarga, puëya,
päpa and so on. Since Brahman is also known through the words of the çästra,
the knowledge of Brahman can only be indirect. This is the conclusion.
3
The words such as divyaù, amürtaù etc., of the next mantra deal with svarüpa-lakñaëa of Brahman.
4
Muëòaka 1.2.1
5
ydpriv*a-iv;y< kmR-)l-l][< sTy< tdapei]km!, #d< tu priv*a-iv;y< prmawR-s‘][Tvat!,
mu{fk Éa:ym!
Dhyäna- çloka
May one always meditate upon the Lord Rudra of eleven-fold form,
who shines like pure crystal, whose nature is effulgence and who has
a spear in his hand and silver crescent on his crown.
The Lord is presented here as one with çüla, spear. The weapon is
meant to destroy your enemies within and without. When Bhagavän comes
to protect you, he cannot be presented coming with flowers. Yathä loke tatha
çästre - çästra also goes by our conventions. For instance, the security guard
with uniform is feared and respected. Sädhus also should have a form of
dress; if a sädhu goes in a three-price suit, he may command a different kind
of respect.
Result for the chanting of the sixth mantra: This mantra is meant for
longevity. Let the body, due to constant abuse, not die away before the
exhaustion of one’s prärabdha. The prosperity of kingdom, through adequate
rain at the right time is also another result. Gain of one thousand sovereigns,
release from great päpas like killing a Brahmin, the capacity to attract people
and friendship with all, are some of the other results gained.
128
bhämitaù jätakrodhaù - one whose anger is caused when the prohibited actions are done.
TWO TYPES OF
KNOWLEDGE: Mundaka
Upanisad 1.1.4 “tasmai sa hovaca
dve vidye…” Guru Angiras told
Saunaka that there are two types
of knowledge: Para vidya which
is about Brahman and Apara
vidya which includes all other
disciplines of knowledge. Yajnyavalkya told her that a wife is not
dear for wife’s sake, but for one’s sake.
SORROW CANNOT GO WITHOUT Similarly, all people and things one loves
PARA VIDYA: Chandogya Upanisad 7.1.3 are not dear for the sake of the people or
“so ham bhagavah socami…” Sage Narada the things, but for one’s sake alone.
approached Guru Sanatkumara and told Therefore one loves people and things not
him that he was in sorrow and requested for their sake but only because they
him to help him cross sorrow. Sanatkumara invoke the pleased self .
asked what Narada knew. Narada replied
that he knew all the Vedas and all other For gaining amrtatvam, atma jnana is
disciplines of knowledge. Sanatkumara told required. Sastra is the pramana for atma
him that what Narada knew were only jnana. One should go to a Guru and do
namas, not the Naami. Knowing the Naami sravana, manana and nididhyasana and
and only bhooma vidya (knowledge of gain atma jnana.
atma) can help one cross sorrow and
taught him bhooma vidya. ONE WHO DIES BEFORE GETTING
THIS KNOWLEDGE IS A MISER:
LOVE FOR ANYTHING IS FOR THE Brhadaranyaka Upanisad 3.8.10 “yo va
SAKE OF ONESELF ALONE: etad aksaram…” Every human being is
Brhadaranyaka Upanisad 2.4.5 “atmanastu born with the capacity to gain atma jnana.
kamaya sarvam priyam bhavati…” One is endowed with discriminative
Yajnavalkya was a great scholar and a rich intellect for gaining this knowledge. If one
person. He had two wives Katyayani and wastes his life in frivolous pursuits, the
Maitreyi. He decided to become a sannyasi. Upanisad calls such a person a miser for
He told Maitreyi that he would give her not using his wealth of discrimination.
half of his wealth and sought her
permission to take sannyasa. Maitreyi asked PREPAREDNESS - TWO LIFE STYLES,
if the wealth could give her amrtatvam. VALUES AND ATTITUDES
Yajnyavalkya replied that only atma jnana
could give amrtatvam. ONE SHOULD KNOW ATMA AND
ASSIMILATE THE KNOWLEDGE:
Brhadaranyaka Upanisad 4.4.21 “tam eva
Navratri puja was celebrated with fervor blessed, watching Devi Jnaneswari who is
and enthusiasm at Anaikatti from Sep 24, ever smiling and brimming with motherly
2014 to Oct 2, 2014. Elaborate and exquisite love.
alankara was performed every day to
Goddess Jnaneswari. The atmosphere was On Oct 2, 2014 Sarasvati puja was
charged with divinity by the pujas and celebrated at the Gurukulam. Students
Lalitha sahasra nama archana and prepared an altar made of their books in the
paarayanam performed on all the nine days. lecture hall. Special Puja was performed for
Goddess Sarasvati, the bestower of
On the day of Lalitha panchami on Sep 29, knowledge along with the chanting of
2014 special eleven dravya abhisekam was Sarasvati Astotram.
performed for Goddess Janeswari. All who
participated in the puja were indeed Pujya Swami Dayananda Sarasvati initiated
the students to Sarasvati moola mantra
SWAMINI NITYAKALYANANANDA
SARASVATI has studied
Vedanta under Swami
Viditatmananda Sarasvati at
Ahmedabad. She manages
‘BALA SANSKAR KENDRA’ at
Porbandar where children are
taught Bharatiya culture, besides
helping in the running of
sandhya gurukulam.
The 3-Day retreat was held during 19th- Their professions ranged from Scientists,
23rd Sept 2014. All the participants arrived Engineers, Bankers, Doctors, Industrialists,
at Amboli Ashram by 19th evening. In the Social Activists, Teachers, and House
INTRODUCTION session on the 19th Makers.Some were still pursuing their
evening after dinner, we learnt that there careers and some had retired. However one
were 25 participants who came from various thing in common was they were interested
places like Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolhapur, in yoga and spirituality. Having spent a
Pune and Dubai. major portion of their life in running after
unending desires and ever eluding
contentment, they had now come to seek
One cannot remain without karma. But the Answer by Pujya Swamiji: Logic means
same karma can be converted in to yoga inference. Inference depends upon
purely by attitude. Karma done in keeping perception. Without perception there is no
with dharma coupled with proper attitude inference. Whatever the data one collect,
towards the karma-palam is yoga. In dharma based upon which inference or anumana
sva-karma-roleplaying- is included. For each pramana works.
role there is script - for mother, for father,
for son, for daughter etc. The role-playing What we are talking about is not what we
script is ‘to be done’. To be done means see. It is about ourselves and not a subject
Ishwara. Even if it is kamyakarma the result matter of perception or inference. It is ME.
is to be taken as prasada. Thus the And ME happens to be jagat karanam, which
kamyakarma also will be converted in to is not available for inference. Once Sastra
yoga. Thus all karmas done irrespective of tells, afterwards we can assimilate. Later by
kamyakarma, sva-asharamakarma or inference/logic we can eliminate our
loukikakarma will get converted in to yogam. doubts.
#ó-Ainó-%ppiÄ;u inTym! smictTvm! - towards Doubts are created by the mind by certain
desired and undesired results the tarka/logic. We have to find out sruti/sastra
equanimity is yogam. In our culture this is supported (sammata) tarka to negate all the
ingrained in our day-to-day life. Even in the doubts. Vedanta will not work if pramana-
food one gets the attitude of accepting it buddhi is not there in it. zaôSy guévaKySy
although it is not desired by one. The sTybuiÏ>Satya-buddhi is nothing but pramana-
samatva-buddhi starts from here, even buddhi … what is understood through
though it may not be in full measure. Still pramana only is satyam. It is true that it has
it is part of life. It is part of our culture. been obtained thro pramana.
What is there in Sastra is what is in culture.
Question: Is consciousness self-evident?
Sastra is the basis. Sastra’s ideas have
Modern people talk about mystic advaitam
become an integrated ingredients in culture.
where they claim a mystical experience,
With a better understanding of Ishwara the where-as Vedanta considers experience
samatva-buddhi improves. As an individual within the field of dvaitam.
I only have choice is doingkarma. But with
Answer from Pujya Swamiji: For
regard to the karma-pala I do not have full
consciousness there is no need for science
control.ma kmR)lhetuÉUR>,Karmapala being part
or Vedanta. Consciousness is YOU.
of the ‘order of Ishwara’ one does not have
Consciousness is and everything else is
any choice over the results - it comes..This
object of consciousness. If it is you, no need
is one more layer in the process of samtvam/
to search outside, no need for Science. That
yogam.
I am a conscious entity needs no proof from
The 2-Week camp began on September 21st been talking about daiva qualities andasuric
with a welcome address and orientation qualities, defining and giving many
with Suddhatma Chaitanya. examples of each quality mentioned in the
SwamijiTattvavidanandaSaraswati then verses. He said that we were to not so much
gave Satsang. There were about 85 - 90 develop the daiva qualities but to notice and
attendees. to turn away from the asuric qualities
(before they turn to rakshahs) so that the
Classes started the next day with a 7am daiva qualities, which are already within us,
meditation. Swamiji Tattvavidananda can manifest, so that the divine can begin
always included chanting “OM” silently 3 to speak through us.
times as a simple prayer at the beginning
of all the meditations. He encouraged us to He touched on and clarified mistaken usage
drop our pasts and our future plans with of words that might mislead to wrong
our breaths; to keep the spine stretched up understandings, such as the use of the word
and still; to keep the entire body still, “suppression” in relation to our desires. We
ignoring its discomforts. He told us, “Watch are to notice and to turn away from them,
the mind. Don’t ask how. Just watch it.”, not to suppress them. He has been
etc. His constant refrain for us in and out explaining about how self-forgetfulness
of meditation has been to “be” - and that leads us to pursue desires, to live in fear
that “being” is love. He also had us do and how they both make us live in
Loving Kindness meditations, telling us to imaginations instead of what is. He said
wish ourselves, our family, all creatures and that satisfying our desires will not stop
our foes, them from arising and encouraged us to ask
wellbeing, happiness and peace. During one ourselves, “Is it possible for the mind to not
meditation, in keeping with the 16th think in terms of more?” and “Is it possible
Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita (BG), he said for the mind to stop asking for more?” He
that there was nothing more beautiful than has been making it clear to us over and
a mind maturing into its daiva qualities. over again how strong mAyA’s hold over
us is. But he also told us that we must be
The first talk was at 9am, the second at confident that rising to higher consciousness
11:15am and the third at 5pm. To is a doable feat.
accomodate the schedules of the two
Swamijis, the Swamijis talked at different The other text that Swamiji
times during the first week. Tattvavidananda has been talking from is
the Saddarshanam written by
Swamiji Tattvavidananda started with the RamanaMaharshi. He said that
16th Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita. He has
Empowered by this new sense of direction him out of his/her passive learning mode
– I planned the new topics – communi- into a dynamic, unconventional way of
cation, role of values in shaping the child, thinking.
definition of success, use of technology in
education etc. What followed was a series Swami Aishwaryanandaji is a unique blend
of informative and delightful exchanges of seva, bhakti and jnaanam andit is a
amongst us. These young women are from wonder how he remains so unruffled and
orthodox backgrounds, live in joint families cheerful amidst his countless appointments
and perform their duties as daughters, and frequent travels. In him – one can see
wives, mothers, sisters and now as teachers both the strictness of a father and the
they openly shared their personal struggles, softness of a mother so necessary for the
dreams and ambitions. healthy growth of a child. Kumbha, the
charming girl from Tripura told me ‘
I had communicated to them about WheneverSwamiji ( Aiswaryananda) comes
Swamiji’s definition of a teacher - one who here , I feel my mother and father have
is not a professional - rather a ROLE come!’ The teachers were inspired by
MODEL that makes the institution great. personal life stories of Swamij who further
Each of them shared their means of creative clarified their doubts on duties vs right and
communication to make the student encouraged them to start ‘rishi yagna’
understand. They had many questions and through pursuits of knowledge.
doubts and were curious to know more
about deeper significance of our scriptures Anil Bhai who has graciously donated the
and knowledge of meditation. And we family property to Aim for Seva is a strong
enjoyed light sessions of humor and deep presence here and whose life is inspired by
insights about life. Truly – ‘sharing is twice Gandhian values.
learning’ and this was ‘Empowerment of
women’ in a unique way leaving us with Now the girls living in the chatralaya – are
no option but to think. Thanks to Acharyaji truly its Prana! They wake up
– who literally ‘shakes’ everyone who meets early,dosuryanamaskara and Yoga followed
Report by N. Avinashilingam
Course Teachers:
Brahmachari Sivatma Chaitanya
(disciple of Pujya Sri Swami Dayananda Saraswati)
along with Sri Ramanujam and Swami Adhyatmananda.
Visit www.vedaneri.org for details.
Course content:
Vedanta – A study of some basic texts of Advaita, Bhagavad Gita and
Upanishad.
Also an overview of Mahabharata with focus on value structure.
Sanskrit – The goal would be to get a good grasp of the language.
Spoken Sanskrit will also be taught. Knowing Sanskrit is not a pre-requisite.
Workshops/interactive sessions:
Interactive sessions
to bring out tangibly the role of Vedanta in one’s inner transformation,
Indian Heritage: Detailed overview about the ancient Indian education system,
art, Governance, Temples etc.
Application form:
Visit www.vedaneri.org or
Contact our office at –
Swami Chidbhavananda Ashramam,
Chatrapatti Road, Vedapuri, Theni 625 531. Tamilnadu.
Phone: 91-4546-253908
Course-E-mail: <thenivedantacourse@gmail.com>
Swami DayanandaSaraswati
October 7, 2014