Signals and Systems Jntuh Digital Notes

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Signals and systems jntuh digital notes
Signals And Systems (Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad)
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MALLA REDDY COLLEGE

OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION: UGC, GOVT. OF
INDIA) ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
II ECE I SEM

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SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
OBJECTIVES:
 Coverage of continuous and discrete-time signals and representations and methods that is
necessary for the analysis of continuous and discrete-time signals.
 Knowledge of time-domain representation and analysis concepts as they relate to difference
equations, impulse response and convolution, etc.
 Knowledge of frequency-domain representation and analysis concepts using Fourier analysis
tools, Z-transform.
 Concepts of the sampling process.
 Mathematical and computational skills needed in application areas like communication, signal
processing and control, which will be taught in other courses.
UNIT I:
INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALS: Elementary Signals- Continuous Time (CT) signals, Discrete Time (DT)
signals, Basic Operations on signals, Classification of Signals.
SIGNAL ANALYSIS: Analogy between vectors and signals, orthogonal signal space, Signal approximation
using orthogonal functions, Mean square error, Closed or complete set of orthogonal functions,
Orthogonality in complex functions.
FOURIER SERIES: Representation of Fourier series, Continuous time periodic signals, Dirichlet’s
conditions, Trigonometric Fourier Series, Exponential Fourier Series, Properties of Fourier series,
Complex Fourier spectrum.
UNIT II:
FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Deriving Fourier transform from Fourier series, Fourier transform of arbitrary
signal, Fourier transform of standard signals, Fourier transform of periodic signals, Properties of Fourier
transforms.
SAMPLING: Sampling theorem – Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, impulse
sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect of under
sampling – Aliasing.
UNIT III:
SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS: Introduction to Systems, Classification of
Systems, Linear Time Invariant (LTI) systems, system, impulse response, Transfer function of a LTI
system. Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortion less transmission through a system, Signal
bandwidth, System bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics, Causality and Poly-Wiener
criterion for physical realization, relationship between bandwidth and rise time.
UNIT IV:
CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION OF SIGNALS: Concept of convolution in time domain, Graphical
representation of convolution, Cross correlation and auto correlation of functions, properties of
correlation function, Energy density spectrum, Parseval’s theorem, Power density spectrum, Relation
between convolution and correlation, Detection of periodic signals in the presence of noise by
correlation, Extraction of signal from noise by filtering.
UNIT V:
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS: Review of Laplace transforms, Inverse Laplace transform, Concept of region of
convergence (ROC) for Laplace transforms, Properties of L.T’s relation between L.T’s, and F.T. of a signal.

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Laplace transform of certain signals using waveform synthesis.

Z–TRANSFORMS: Concept of Z- Transform of a discrete sequence. Distinction between Laplace, Fourier
and Z transforms, Region of convergence in Z-Transform, Inverse Z- Transform, Properties of Z-
transforms.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2003.
2. Signals and Systems - A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, PHI, 2nd Edn.
3. Signals and Systems – A. Anand Kumar, PHI Publications, 3rd edition.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Signals & Systems - Simon Haykin and Van Veen,Wiley, 2nd Edition.
2. Network Analysis - M.E. Van Valkenburg, PHI Publications, 3rd Edn., 2000.
3. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems Michel J. Robert, MGH International Edition, 2008.
4. Signals, Systems and Transforms - C. L. Philips, J. M. Parr and Eve A. Riskin, Pearson
education.3rd Edition, 2004.
OUTCOMES:
Upon completing this course the student will be able to:
 Represent any arbitrary signals in terms of complete sets of orthogonal functions and
understands
 the principles of impulse functions, step function and signum function.
 Express periodic signals in terms of Fourier series and express the spectrum and express the
 arbitrary signal (discrete) as Fourier transform to draw the spectrum.
 Understands the principle of linear system, filter characteristics of a system and its bandwidth,
the
 concepts of auto correlation and cross correlation and power Density Spectrum.
 Can design a system for sampling a signal.
 For a given system, response can be obtained using Laplace transform, properties and ROC of
L.T.
 Study the continuous and discrete signal relation and relation between F.T., L.T. & Z.T,
properties,
 ROC of Z Transform

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CONTENTS
 SYLLABUS
 UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALS AND SIGNAL ANALYSIS AND FOURIER
SERIES
 UNIT II: FOURIER TRANSFORMS AND SAMPLING
 UNIT III: SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS
 UNIT IV: CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION OF SIGNALS
 UNITV:LAPLACETR AND FORMS AND Z–TRANSFORMS
 UNITWISE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
 MODEL PAPAERS
 JNTU PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS

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Unit I
INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALS :

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SIGNAL ANALYSIS:

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FOURIER SERIES:

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UNIT II
FOURIER TRANSFORMS:

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SAMPLING:

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UNIT III:
SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS

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UNIT IV:
CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION OF SIGNALS

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UNIT V:
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS:

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Z–TRANSFORMS:

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MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

II B.TECH – I SEM EXAMINATIONS, NOVEMBER -2014
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
(Common to BME, ICE, ETM, EIE, ECE)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75
PART-A
Answer the following Questions
(1)
(a)Define a signal and what is one dimensional signal? (2M)

(b)Write about orthogonal vector space. (3M)
(c)Write about existence of Fourier transform. (2M)
(d)State & prove parsvel’s theorem in Fourier Transform (3M)

(e)What is importance of impulse response? Does the impulse response of a non linear
system characterize the system? (2M)
(f)Write a short note on properties of LTI system. (3M)
(g)What is convolution and correlation? (2M)
(h)State & prove time convolution theorem with Fourier Transform (3M)
(i)Find the Laplace Transform of (i) δ (t) (ii) t e u (t)
-t
(2M)
(j)What is Region of Convergence (ROC) of Z-Transforms? (3M)
PART-B
Answer the following Questions 5x10=50
(2) a) Explain the analogy between vectors and signals in terms of Orthogonality and
evuation of component.
b) Derive the condition for Orthogonality between two complex Signals f1 (t) & f2 (t)
(Or)
(3) Approximate the rectangular function shown in figure below is orthogonal set of Sinusoidal
signals and show that mean square error is minimum.
(4) Obtain the Fourier transform of the following:
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(Or)
(5) State and prove the following properties of Fourier transform.

i. Multiplication in time domain.
ii. Convolution in time domain.
(6) a) A continuous time signal is given as: x(t) = 8 cos200πt Determine

i) Minimum sampling rate
ii) If fs=400Hz what is discrete time signal obtained after sampling.
iii) If fs=150Hz what is discrete time signal obtained after sampling.
b) Discuss the effect of under sampling.
(Or)
(7) a) Define Nyquist rate. Compare the merits and demerits of performing sampling using
impulse, Natural and Flat-top sampling techniques.
b) Discuss the process of reconstructing the signal from its samples.
(8) State and Prove Properties of auto correlation and cross correlation functions?
(Or)
(9) a) Prove that for a signal, auto correlation function and power spectral density
Forms a Fourier transform pair.
(b) A filter with H (ω) = 1/1+jw is given an input x (t) = e− 2t u (t). Find
Energy density spectrum of the output.
(10) Find the Laplace transform of the function

(i) f(t) = A Sin ω0 t for 0 < t < T/2
(ii) f(t) = e−at Cos (ωct + θ)
(Or)
(11) (a) Explain the concept of Stability in s - domain.
(b) Find the Laplace transform of the periodic square wave of amplitude range (-A, A)
and time period 2T.
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R13
MALLAREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
PART-A
(1)
a) Write properties of unit Impulse function (2 M)

b) Evaluate Mean Square Error in approximating of two signals (3 M)
c) Prove frequency shifting property for continuous time Fourier Transform (2 M)
d) State Sampling theorem (3 M)
e) Define transfer function of a system (2 M)
f) Let the system function of an LTI system be .What is the

t
output of system for an input (0.8) u (t) ? (3 M)
g) What are incoherent signals? And write conditions. (2 M)
h) Define auto correlation and cross correlation of two signals (3 M)
i) Define Bilatoral Laplace Transform of a signal (2 M)
j) What is study state response of a system & what is forced response? (3 M)
PART-B
(2) (a) Explain Orthogonality property between two complex functions f1 (t) and f2 (t) for
a real variable t.
(b) Discuss how an unknown function f (t) can be expressed using infinite mutually
orthogonal functions
(Or)
(3) (a) Write short notes on “Orthogonal functions”.
(b) Obtain the condition under which two signals f1 (t) & f2 (t) are said to be Orthogonal
to each other. Hence, prove that Sin nω 0t and Cos mω0t are orthogonal to each other for all
integer values of m, n.
(4) (a) Find the Fourier transform of a gate pulse of unit height, unit width and centered at t=0
(b) Find the Fourier Transform of f (t) = t Cos 2t.
(Or)
(5) (a) Determine the Fourier transform of the sinusoidal pulse shown below:
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(b) Determine the Fourier transform of f(t) = e −a|t| sgn (t) .
(6) a) Explain flat top sampling.

b) Determine the Nyquist sampling rate and Nyquist sampling interval for the signals.
(i) sinc(100πt)
(ii) sinc2(100πt)
(iii) sinc(100πt) + sinc(50πt)
(iv) sinc(100πt) + 3 sinc2(60πt)
(Or)
(7) (a) With the help of graphical example explain sampling theorem for Band limited
Signals.
(b) Explain briefly about Band pass sampling
(8) (a) If V(t) = Sin ωot.

i. find R(τ )
ii. Find energy spectral density GE (f) = Fourier transform of R (τ)
(b) Use the convolution theorem to find the spectrum of x (t) = A Cos2 ωct.
(Or)
(9) (a) The signal V(t) = cos ω0 t + 2sin 3 ω0 t + 0.5 sin 4ω0 t is filtered by an RC
Low pass filter with a 3 dB frequency. fc =2f0. Find the output power So
(b) State Parsvel’s theorem for energy and power signals.
(10) (a) Explain the Frequency differentiation and Time convolution properties of
Laplace transforms
(b) Find the Inverse Laplace transform of
(Or)
(11) (a) Find the initial values and final values of the function
(b) Explain the Step and Impulse responses of Series R-C circuit using Laplace
Transforms.
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SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
PART-A
(1)
a) Write a short note on Exponential Fourier series. (2 M)

b) Obtain Exponential Fourier series from Trigonometric Fourier series (3 M)
c) Find Fourier Transform of Impulse function. (2 M)
d) Find Fourier Transform of (i) e3t u(t) (ii) cos ωot u(t) (3 M)
e) What is Distortion less transmission& condition on magnitude and phase? (2 M)
f) Write about signal bandwidth & system bandwidth (3 M)
g) Write the expression for cross correlation of power( periodic) signals (2 M)
h) Explain the extraction of signal from noise by filtering (3 M)
i) When does the Laplace Transform of a function x (t) exist? (2 M)
j) How is Laplace transform is useful in the analysis of LTI system (3 M)
PART-B
(2) Prove the Orthogonality condition in the case of a signal represented by orthogonal
signal space consisting of exponential functions, {e jnwot} for ‘n’ integer.
(Or)
(3) (a) A rectangular function defined by f(t) , approximate f(t) by a single sinusoid sin t,
and Evaluate Mean square error in this approximation. Also show what happens when
more number of sinusoidals is used for approximations.
(b) Discuss GIBB’S Phenomena in the above problem.
(4) (a) State and Prove Modulation theorem.

(b) Using the modulation theorem find out the Fourier transform of RF pulse
Given as y (t) = A rect ( t/ τ ) Cos 2π fc t.
(Or)
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(5) (a) with the help of graphical example explain sampling theorem for Band limited
Signals.
(b) Explain briefly Band pass sampling
(6) (a) Explain causality and physical reliability of a system and hence give Paley- Wiener
criterion.
(b) Obtain the relationship between the bandwidth and rise time of ideal low pass Filter
(Or)
(7) (a) Distinguish between linear and non linear systems with examples.
(b) Consider a stable LTI System characterized by the differential equation
dy(t)/dt + 2y(t) = x(t). Find its impulse response
(8) (a) The waveform V(t)= e−t/T u(t) is passed through a high pass RC circuit having a time
constant T.
i. Find the energy spectral density at the output of the circuit.
ii. Show that the total output energy is one half the input energy.
(b) Find the cross correlation of the functions sin ωt and cos ωt .
(Or)
(9) (a) Write the Procedure to find the convolution of two signals graphically.
(b) Find the convolution of the following signals by graphical method.
x(t)=e -3tu(t),h(t)=u(t+3)
(10) Determine the function of time x(t) for each of the following Laplace transforms
And their associated regions of convergence
(Or)
(11) (a) Using the Power Series expansion technique, find the inverse Z-transform of
The following X (Z)
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SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
PART-A
(1)
a) Why the Mean Square Error criterion and not the Average error criterion is
chosen for minimizing the error over an interval? (2 M)
b) Write a short note on Gibb’s phenomenon. (3 M)
c) State sampling theorem (2 M)
d) Write about Natural sampling technique. (3 M)
e) What is the frequency domain criterion for physical realization of a system?
(2 M)
f) Show that for liner phase systems, the impulse response is symmetrical
about t = td (3 M)
g) Write a short note on Spectral Density? (2 M)
h) Find convolution of following signals by using Fourier Transform
x1 (t) = e-at u(t) and x2(t)= e-bt u(t) (3 M)
i) How are discrete time systems analyzed using Z- transform (2 M)
j) Find inverse Laplace Transform of (i) (ii) (3M)
PART-B
(2) (a) Explain how a function can be approximated by a set of orthogonal Functions
(b) Show that the functions sin nwo t and sin mwot are orthogonal to each Other for all
integer values of m and n.
(Or)
(3) Find the exponential Fourier series for the saw tooth waveform shown in figure. Plot the
magnitude and phase spectrum.
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(4) Obtain the Fourier transform of the following functions.

i. Impulse function f(t).
ii.DC Signal.
iii. Unit step function
iv) Signum Function
(Or)
(5) (a) Explain he reconstruction of the signal from its samples

(b) Explain Flat Top Sampling Method
(6) (a) What is an LTI system? Explain its properties. Derive an expression for the Transfer
function of an LTI system.
(b) Obtain the conditions for the distortion less transmission through a system.
What do you understand by the term signal bandwidth?
(Or)
(7) (a) Explain how input and output signals are related to impulse response of a LTI
System.
(b) Find the impulse response for the RL filter shown figure
(8) (a) Derive Relation between Auto Correlation Function and Energy spectral density
Function
(b) Compare ESD and PSD
(Or)
-2t
(9) (a) A signal x(t)=e u(t ) is passed through an idle LPF with cut off frequency of one
radian /sec .
(i) Test whether the input is an energy signal.
(ii) Find the input and Output Energy
(10) (a) Derive relationship between Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform
(b) Explain the properties of the region of convergence of X (z).
(Or)
(11) (a) Consider the sequence Find X[Z].
(b) Find the Z-transform of x(n) = cos(nω)u(n).
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SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
PART-A
(1)
a) Define and discuss the conditions for Orthogonality (2 M)

b) Write about power representation using Fourier series. (3 M)
c) Determine Nyquist rate and interval for x(t) =
(2 M)
d) State sampling theorem for Band passes Signals. (3 M)
e) What is the relation between Bandwidth and Rise time? (2 M)
f) What is a filter? Write about LPF, HPF, and BPF. (3 M)
g) Write properties of Energy Spectral Density (ESD) (2 M)
h) Write about properties of cross correlation function for energy signals. (3 M)
i) Write about Inverse Z- Transform. (2 M)
j) Find Z- Transform of (i) x(n) = u(n) - u(n-4)
1. (ii) x(n) = {2,1,3,-4,1,2} (3 M)
PART-B
Answer the following Questions 5x10= 50 M
(2) (a)State the Dirichlet’s condition for Fourier series.

(b) Find Trigonometric Fourier series for a periodic square waveform shown in figure
which is symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis.
(Or)
(3) (a) Obtain the Fourier series representation of an impulse train given by
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(b) Derive polar Fourier series from the exponential Fourier series representation
And hence prove that Dn = 2 |Cn|
(4) (a) Prove the time scaling property of Fourier transform and hence find the Fourier
Transform of f (t) = e−0.5t.
(b) Obtain the Fourier transform of Rectangular pulse of duration T and amplitude A as
shown in figure
(Or)
(5) (a) Explain the concepts of Impulse function and Sinc function.
(b) Find the Fourier transform of the Rectangular Pulse and plot its amplitude and phase
(6) (a) Explain the difference between a time invariant system and time variant system? Write
some practical cases where you can find such systems. What do you understand by the filter
characteristics of a linear system. Explain the condition for causality of a LTI System?
(b) Differentiate between linear and non-linear system

(Or)
(7) (a) What is an LTI system? Explain its properties. Derive an expression for the transfer
function of an LTI system.
(b) Obtain the conditions for the distortion less transmission through a system.
What do you understand by the term signal bandwidth?
(8) (a) State and Prove Properties of auto correlation and cross correlation functions?
(Or)
(9) (a) Prove that for a signal, auto correlation function and power spectral density
Forms a Fourier transform pair.
(b) A filter with H (ω) = 1/1+jw is given an input x (t) = e− 2t u (t). Find
Energy density spectrum of the output.
(10) (a) Find the Z-transform of
(b) Derive relationship between z and Laplace Transform
(Or)
(11) (a) Explain the properties of the region of convergence of X (z).
(b) Discuss in detail about the double sided and single sided Ztransform. Correlate
Laplace transform and Ztransform in their end use
Page 2 of 2

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University Question papers of previous year

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II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/Jun 2009

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics &
Instrumentation Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering, Electronics &
Control Engineering and Electronics & Telemetric)
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Let two signals be defined by

1 Cos (2πt) ≥ 1
x1 (t) =
0 Cos (2πt) < 1
X2 (t) = Sin (2πt/10)
Graph these products over the time range -5 < t <5
i. x1 ((t-2)/5) x2 (20t)
ii. x1 (2t) x2 (-t)
iii. x1 (t/5) x2 (20t)
iv. x1 (t/5) x2 ( 20(t+1)).
(b) Find the signal energy of each of these signals:
i. x(t) = 2 Sin (200πt)
ii. x(t) = 3 rect (t/4). [8+8]
2. (a) Represent the function et over the interval (0< t <1) by the trigonometric
Fourier series and the exponential Fourier series.
(b) State the limitations on functions to represent by a Fourier series. [10+6]
3. (a) Find the Fourier Transform for the following functions shown in figure 3a.
Figure 3a
(b) Find the total area under the function g(t) = 100 Sin c ((t-8)/30). [10+6]

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4. (a) Find the current i(t) in a series RLC circuit as shown in figure 4a when a
voltage of 100 volts is switched on across the terminals a a1 at t=0.
Figure 4a
w δ(t) − Sa
W t
(b) A signal f (t) = 2π is applied at the input terminals of the
2
ideal low filter. The transfer function of such filter is given by
H(jω) = K GW (ω) e−jwt0 Find the response. [8+8]
5. (a) State and Prove Properties of auto correlation function?

(b) A filter has an impulse response h(t) as shown in figure 5. The input to the
network is a pulse of unit amplitude extending from t=0 to t=2. By graphical
means determine the output of the filter. [8+8]
Figure 5
6. (a) A signal with Fourier transform x(jw) undergoes impulse train sampling to
P∞
generate xp (t ) = x(nT ) δ1 (t − nT ) whare T = 10−4 . For each of the
n=−∞
following sets of constraints on x(t) and / or x(jw), does the sampling theorem
guarantee that x(t) can be recovered exactly from xp (t) ?
i. X(jω) = 0 f or |ω| > 5000π
ii. x(t) real and X(jω) = 0 f or |ω| > 5000π
(b) A signal x[n] has a fourier transform X(ejω ) that is zero for (π/4) ≤ |ω| ≤ π
P∞
. Another signal g[n] = x[n] δ[n − 1 − 4k] is generated. Specify the
k=−∞

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frequency response H(ejω ) of a low pass filter that produces x[n] as output
when g[n] is the input. [8+8]
7. (a) When a function f(t) is said to be laplace transformable.
(b) What do you mean by region of convergence?
(c) List the advantages of Laplace transform.

(d) If δ(t) is a unit impulse function find the laplace transform of d2 /dt2 [δ(t)].
[4+4+4+4]
8. (a) A finite sequence x[n] is defined as x[n] = [5, 3 −2, 0, 4, −3] Find X[Z] and its
↑
ROC.
(b) Consider the sequence
x[n] = an 0 ≤ n ≤ N − 1, a > 0
=0 otherwise
Find X[Z].
(c) Find the Z-transform of x(n) = cos(nω0 )u(n).
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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Code No: 43076 Set No. 2

II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Control Engineering and Electronics & Telematics)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Let two signals be defined by

1 Cos(2πt) ≥ 1
x1 (t) =
0 Cos(2πt) < 1
X2 (t) = Sin(2πt/10)
Graph these products over the time range -5 < t <5
i. x1 ((t-2)/5) x2 (20t)
ii. x1 (2t) x2 (-t)
iii. x1 (t/5) x2 (20t)
iv. x1 (t/5) x2 ( 20(t+1)).
(b) Find the signal energy of each of these signals:
i. x(t) = 2 Sin (200πt)
ii. x(t) = 3 rect (t/4). [8+8]
2. (a) A periodic waveform is formed by eliminating the alternate cycle of a Sinu-

soidal waveform as shown in figure 2a.
Figure 2a
i. Find the Fourier series (exponential) by direct evaluation of the coeffi-
cients.
ii. If the waveform is shifted to the left by π seconds, the new waveform
f(t+π) is odd function of the time whose Fourier series contains only sine
terms. Find the Fourier series of f(t+π). From this series, write down the
Fourier series for f(t). [8+8]
1 of 2
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3. Find the Fourier Transform of the following function:
(a) A Single Symmetrical Triangular pulse

(b) A Single Symmetrical Gate Pulse
(c) A Single Cosine Wave at t=0. [8+8]
4. (a) Show that a system with excitation x(t) and response y(t) described by y(t)
= x(t-5) + x(3-t) is linear, non casual and non invertible.
(b) A System has an impulse response
h(t) = 4 e−4t u(t). Find and graph the response of the system to
x(t) = rect 2 t − 14 . [8+8]
5. (a) Explain briefly detection of periodic signals in the presence of noise by corre-
lation.
(b) Explain briefly extraction of a signal from noise by filtering. [8+8]
6. (a) Consider the signal x(t) = (sin 50 πt / πt)2 which to be sampled with a
sampling frequency of ωs = 150 π to obtain a signal g(t) with Fourier transform
G(jω ). Determine the maximum value of ω0 for which it is guaranteed that
G(jω) = 75 ×(jω) for |ω| − ω0
where X(jω) is the Fourier transform of x(t).
(b) The signal x(t) = u(t + T0 ) - u(t - T0 ) can undergo impulse train sampling
without aliasing, provided that the sampling period T< 2T0 . Justify.
[8+8]
7. (a) Explain the method of determining the inverse Laplace transforms using Par-
tial fraction method, for the following cases
i. Simple and real roots
ii. Complex roots
iii. Multiple or repeated roots.
(b) Find the Laplace transform of the function
f(t) = A Sin ω0 t for 0 < t < T/2 [3+3+4+6]
8. (a) Using the Power Series expansion technique, find the inverse Z-transform of
the following X(Z):
Z
i. X(Z) = 2Z 2 −3Z +1 |Z| < 1
2
Z
ii. X(Z) = 2Z 2 −3Z +1 |Z| > 1
(b) Find the inverse Z-transform of
X(Z) = Z |Z| > 2. [8+8]
Z (Z −1)(Z −2)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
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II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Obtain the condition under which two signals f1 (t) and f2 (t) are said to be
orthogonal to each other. Hence prove that Sin n ω0 t and Cos m ω0 t are
orthogonal to each other over an interval (t 0, 2ω0π ) for all integer values of m,
n.
(b) Explain the concepts of Impulse function. [10+6]
2. (a) Find the Fourier series of the wave shown in figure 2a.
Figure 2a
(b) Determine the Fourier series representation of
x(t) = 2 Sin (2πt-3) + Sin (6πt). [8+8]
3. (a) Determine the Fourier Transform of a trapezoidal function and triangular RF

pulse f(t) shown in figure 3a. Draw its spectrum.
1 of 3
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Figure 3a
Rα
(b) Using Parseval?s theorem for power signals, Evaluate e−2t u(t)dt. [10+6]
−α
4. (a) Show that a system whose response is the magnitude of its excitation is non-
linear BIBO stable, causal and non invertible.
(b) Find the impulse response of the system in figure 4b. Is this system BIBO
stable? [8+8]
Figure 4b
5. (a) State and Prove Properties of cross correlation function.
(b) If v(f ) = AT 2πfT
find the energy contained in V(t). [8+8]
sin2πfT
2 of 3
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6. (a) With the help of graphical example explain sampling theorem for Band limited
signals.
(b) Explain briefly Band pass sampling. [8+8]
7. (a) The unit step response of a network is (1 − e−at ). Determine the impulse
response of the network.
(b) Explain the concept of Stability in s - domain.
(c) Find the Laplace transform of the periodic square wave of amplitude range
(-A, A) and time period 2T. [6+4+6]
8. (a) Using the Power Series expansion technique, find the inverse Z-transform of
the following X(Z):
Z
i. X(Z) = 2Z 2 −3Z +1 |Z| < 1
2
Z
ii. X(Z) = 2Z 2 −3Z +1 |Z| > 1
(b) Find the inverse Z-transform of
X(Z) = Z |Z| > 2. [8+8]
Z (Z −1)(Z −2)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
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II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Write short notes on ”orthogonal vector space”.

(b) A rectangular function f(t) is defined by:
f (t) =
1 0<t<Π
−1 Π ≤ t < 2Π
Approximate above function by a finite series of Sinusoidal functions. [8+8]
2. (a) Find the exponential Fourier series for the saw tooth waveform shown in figure
2a. Plot the magnitude and phase spectrum.
Figure 2a
(b) Prove that Sinc(0) = 1 and plot Sinc function. [10+6]
3. (a) Find the Fourier Transform of a periodic train of triangular pulses with period
T, base width of 2τ and altitude A using double integration property is shown
in figure 3a.
Figure 3a
(b) Compute the Fourier Transform for the Signals given below:
i. 3 Cos (10t) + 4 Sin (10t)
ii. 2e(−1+j2π)t +2e(−1−j2π)t u(t). [8+8]

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4. (a) Find the transfer function of Lattice network shown in figure 4a.
Figure 4a
(b) Sketch the magnitude and phase characteristic of H(jω). [8+8]
5. (a) State and Prove Properties of cross correlation function.
(b) If v(f ) = AT 2πfT
find the energy contained in V(t). [8+8]
sin2πfT
6. (a) With the help of graphical example explain sampling theorem for Band limited
signals.
(b) Explain briefly Band pass sampling. [8+8]
7. (a) When a function f(t) is said to be laplace transformable.

(c) List the advantages of Laplace transform.
(d) If δ(t) is a unit impulse function find the laplace transform of d2 /dt2 [δ(t)].
[4+4+4+4]
8. (a) Determine the discrete time sequence associated with Z transform given below
using power series method:
1 − ( 1 )z −1
X(z) = 1 + 21 z −1 with ROC |z| > 1/ 2
(2 )

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(b) Explain the initial value theorem and final value theorem of Z transform. [8+8]
QUESTION BANK

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ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
(Unit-I) ASSIGNMENT-I
1. (a) Write short notes on “orthogonal vector space”.

(b) A rectangular function f(t) is defined by:
Approximate below function by a finite series of Sinusoidal functions.
R(t)= 1 for 0<t<π
-1 for π >t<2 π
2. Explain Signal approximation using orthogonal functions, derive Mean square error.
3. Briefly explain different types of signals.
4. Find the signal energy of each of these signals:

i. x(t) = 2 Sin (200πt)
ii. x(t) = 3 rect(t/4).
(Unit-I) ASSIGNMENT-II
1. Explain trigonometric Fourier series. Find ,

2. Find trigonometric Fourier series for following signals and draw spectrums:
(i) (ii)
3.Find exponential fourier series of the following signals.

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4. Derive relation between trigonometric Fourier and exponential Fourier series.

5. Explain about orthogonality and derive the expression for component.
6. Find if the following signals are orthogonal.
(Unit-II) ASSIGNMENT- III
1. Derive Fourier transform from Fourier series.

2. Write properties of Fourier transform.
3. Find FT. and show magnitude and phase spectrum .
(i) X(t)=x(t) (ii) x(t)= (iii) x(t)=∫(t-5)-∫(t+5)
4. Find F.T using properties.

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5. Find F.T of signum function.
6. Draw graph of x(t)=2u(t)-1
(Unit-III) ASSIGNMENT- IV
1. (a) What is Pal e y-Wiener crit eri on?

(b) Explain bandwidth and rise time.
2. Explain design of LTI systems.
3. Find the transfer function of LPF and HPF filters
4. Give the classification of filters
(Unit-IV) ASSIGNMENT-V
1. Give classification Convolution and correlation.
2. Give the properties of correlation.
3. Differentiate between auto correlation and cross correlation.
4. What is relation between auto correlation and energy signal?
(UNIT-II) ASSIGNMENT- VI
1. Explain Sampling Theorem and derive the expression.
2. Explain reconstruction of sampling.
3. What is aliasing effect and explain briefly.
4. Explain about different sampling Techniques.
(Unit-V) ASSIGNMENT- VII
1. Give the properties of Laplace Transform.
2 When a function f (t) is said to be Laplace transformable.

3. List the advantages of Laplace transform.

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4. If δ (t) is a unit impulse function find the Laplace transform of d2 /dt2 [δ(t)].
(UNIT-V) ASSIGNMENT- VIII.
1. Give the
properties of Z- Transform.
2. Find the
inverse Z-transform of X(Z) = Z / (Z(Z-1)(Z-2)) . !Z! > 2
3. A) Give the properties of ROC in Z-Transform.
B) State and Prove the Initial value and Final value theorem in Z-Transform.
4. State and Prove the Multiplication and convolution properties in Z-Transform.
5. Using the Power Series expansion technique, find the inverse Z-transform of the
following X(Z):
Z
i. X(Z) = 2Z 2 −3Z +1
Z
ii. X(Z) = 2Z 2 −3Z +1

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DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Vision: To evolve into a center of excellence in
Engineering Technology through creative and innovative
practices in teaching-learning, promoting academic
achievement & research excellence to produce
internationally accepted competitive and world class
professionals.
Mission: To provide high quality academic programmes,
training activities, research facilities and opportunities
supported by continuous industry institute interaction
aimed at employability, entrepreneurship, leadership and
research aptitude among students.
Quality Policy of the Department: Impart up-to-date
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Communication area to make them quality engineers.
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Signals And Systems (Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad)

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