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ANCOVA How To Perform An Ancova in Python

ANCOVA enables the inclusion of covariates to adjust for auxiliary variables and increase precision when comparing groups; it compares group means while adjusting for continuous variable effects. The document demonstrates how to perform ANCOVA in Python using statsmodels to analyze and model group and covariate data and outputs.

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68 views4 pages

ANCOVA How To Perform An Ancova in Python

ANCOVA enables the inclusion of covariates to adjust for auxiliary variables and increase precision when comparing groups; it compares group means while adjusting for continuous variable effects. The document demonstrates how to perform ANCOVA in Python using statsmodels to analyze and model group and covariate data and outputs.

Uploaded by

Garuma Abdisa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How to Perform an Ancova in Python?

ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) is a useful statistical method because it


enables the inclusion of covariates in the analysis, which may assist adjust for
auxiliary variables and increase the precision of group comparisons. These
additional factors, or covariates, may be incorporated into the study using
ANCOVA. In order to be sure that any observed differences between the groups
are caused by the therapy or intervention under study and not by unrelated
factors, ANCOVA can be used to adjust for the impact of the covariates on the
group means. This can make the comparisons between the groups more
accurate and give more solid conclusions regarding the connections between the
variables. In this post, we will be closely looking at ANCOVA and implementing
it in python.

What is an ANCOVA?
The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) approach compares the means of two or
more groups while adjusting for the effects of one or more continuous variables
(called covariates). ANCOVA is similar to ANOVA (analysis of variance), but it
permits variables to be included in the model. As a result, it is a valuable tool
for assessing the effects of these factors on group means and generating more
accurate comparisons between groups.

Consider the following scenario− you are running research to assess the efficacy
of a new blood pressure medicine. You gather blood pressure data from a group
of people who take the medicine and a group of people who do not take the
medication, as well as age data for each participant in the research. You might
compare the means of the two groups on the dependent variable (blood
pressure) while adjusting for the effects of the covariate (age) on the group
means using ANCOVA. This would allow you to establish if the medicine is
successful at decreasing blood pressure while taking into account any age
variations between the groups.

Implementing ANCOVA in Python


Consider the following ANCOVA in Python performed using the statsmodels
module −

Syntax

df = pd.DataFrame({'dependent_variable' : [8, 7, 9, 11, 10, 12, 14, 13, 15, 16],


'group' : ["A", "A", "A", "B", "B", "B", "C", "C", "C", "C"],
'covariate' : [20, 30, 40, 30, 40, 50, 40, 50, 60, 70]})

model = ols('dependent_variable ~ group + covariate', data=df).fit()

Utilizing Python's statsmodels module, one can conduct an ANCOVA (analysis of


covariance). An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is a statistical method for
comparing the means of two or more groups while adjusting for the effects of
one or more continuous variables (called covariates).

Algorithm

 Importing Pandas and statsmodel.api


 Defining data for Ancova
 Performing Ancova operation
 Printing the summary of the model

Example

Using the scikit−posthocs lib to run Dunn’s test is demonstrated here −

import pandas as pd
import statsmodels.api as sm
from statsmodels.formula.api import ols

# Define the data for the ANCOVA


df = pd.DataFrame({'dependent_variable' : [8, 7, 9, 11, 10, 12, 14, 13, 15, 16],
'group' : ["A", "A", "A", "B", "B", "B", "C", "C", "C", "C"],
'covariate' : [20, 30, 40, 30, 40, 50, 40, 50, 60, 70]})

# Perform the ANCOVA


model = ols('dependent_variable ~ group + covariate', data=df).fit()

# Print the summary of the model


print(model.summary())

Output

OLS Regression Results


========================================================================
======
Dep. Variable: dependent_variable R-squared: 0.939
Model: OLS Adj. R-squared: 0.909
Method: Least Squares F-statistic: 31.00
Date: Fri, 09 Dec 2022 Prob (F-statistic): 0.000476
Time: 09:52:28 Log-Likelihood: -10.724
No. Observations: 10 AIC: 29.45
Df Residuals: 6 BIC: 30.66
Df Model: 3
Covariance Type: nonrobust
==================================================================
coef std err t P>|t| [0.025 0.975]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intercept 6.0000 1.054 5.692 0.001 3.421 8.579
group[T.B] 2.3333 0.805 2.898 0.027 0.363 4.303
group[T.C] 4.8333 1.032 4.684 0.003 2.308 7.358
covariate 0.0667 0.030 2.191 0.071 -0.008 0.141
===================================================================
Omnibus: 2.800 Durbin-Watson: 2.783
Prob(Omnibus): 0.247 Jarque-Bera (JB): 1.590
Skew: -0.754 Prob(JB): 0.452
Kurtosis: 1.759 Cond. No. 201.

The estimated coefficients for the group and covariate variables, together with
their p-values and confidence ranges, will all be included in the output of this
code. This data can be used to compare the group means while accounting for
the effects of the covariate and to assess the importance of the group and
covariate variables in the model.

Overall, the statsmodels module gives Python users a strong and adaptable tool
for doing ANCOVA. It makes it simple to create, test, analyze, and comprehend
ANCOVA models as well as their output.

Conclusion
Finally, ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) is a statistical approach for comparing
the means of two or more groups while adjusting for the effects of one or more
continuous variables (called covariates). ANCOVA is similar to ANOVA (analysis
of variance), but it permits variables to be included in the model. As a result, it
is a valuable tool for assessing the effects of these factors on group means and
generating more accurate comparisons between groups. It is widely used in
various study domains, including psychology, biology, and economics, to assess
the impact of covariates on group averages and to draw more precise
conclusions regarding variable correlations.

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